Corrigendum to “Comparison of six types of rough approximations based on j-neighborhood space and j-adhesion neighborhood space"

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M.K. El-Bably ◽  
T.M. Al-shami ◽  
A.S. Nawar ◽  
A. Mhemdi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
Correct Form ◽  
Definition Of

The main aims of this paper are to show that some results presented in [1] are erroneous. To this end, we provide some counterexamples to demonstrate our claim, and give the correct form of the incorrect results in [1]. Also, some improvements for the definition of accuracy measure is proposed. Furthermore, we show that the relationships given in the three figures need not be true in general, and determine the conditions under which they are correct. Finally, a medical application in the decision-making of the diagnosis of dengue fever is examined.

A Unifying Principle for a Researcher Learning Safety: Reduce Uncertainty!

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Kao ◽  
Russell Furr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Conveying safety information to researchers is challenging. A list of rules and best practices often is not remembered thoroughly even by individuals who want to remember everything. Researchers in science thinking according to principles: mathematical, physical, and chemical laws; biological paradigms. They use frameworks and logic, rather than memorization, to achieve the bulk of their work. Can safety be taught to researchers in a manner that matches with how they are trained to think? Is there a principle more defined than "Think safety!" that can help researchers make good decisions in situations that are complex, new, and demanding?<div><br></div><div>Effective trainings in other professions can arise from the use of a mission statement that participants internalize as a mental framework or model for future decision-making. We propose that mission statements incorporating the concept of <b>reducing uncertainty</b> could provide such a framework for learning safety. This essay briefly explains the definition of <b>uncertainty</b> in the context of health and safety, discusses the need for an individual to <b>personalize</b> a mission statement in order to internalize it, and connects the idea of <b>greater control</b> over a situation with less uncertainty with respect to safety. The principle of reducing uncertainty might also help <b>non-researchers</b> think about safety. People from all walks of life should be able to understand that more control over their situations provides more protection for them, their colleagues, and the environment.</div>

An Analysis of the Demand for Reporting on Internal Control

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand for reporting on internal control. Nine financial statement user groups were identified and surveyed to determine whether they agree that: (1) management reports on internal control (MRIC) are useful, (2) MRICs influence decisions, and (3) financial reporting is improved by adding MRICs. In addition, the paper examined whether responses varied based on: (1) the definition of internal control used (manipulated as broad, operational definition vs. narrow, financial-reporting definition) and (2) user group. The results indicate that financial statement users agree that internal controls are important. Respondents agreed that voluntary MRICs improved controls and provided additional information for decision making. Respondents also agreed that mandatory MRICs improved controls, but did not agree about their value for decision making. Using a broad definition of controls, respondents strongly agreed that MRICs improved controls and provided a better indicator of a company's long-term viability. Executive respondents were less likely to agree about the value of MRICs than individual investors and internal auditors.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Redesigning Networks by Using Markov Random Fields

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Julia García Cabello ◽  
Pedro A. Castillo ◽  
Maria-del-Carmen Aguilar-Luzon ◽  
Francisco Chiclana ◽  
Enrique Herrera-Viedma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Random Fields ◽  
Markov Random Fields ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Decision Making Model

Standard methodologies for redesigning physical networks rely on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which strongly depend on local demographic specifications. The absence of a universal definition of demography makes its use for cross-border purposes much more difficult. This paper presents a Decision Making Model (DMM) for redesigning networks that works without geographical constraints. There are multiple advantages of this approach: on one hand, it can be used in any country of the world; on the other hand, the absence of geographical constraints widens the application scope of our approach, meaning that it can be successfully implemented either in physical (ATM networks) or non-physical networks such as in group decision making, social networks, e-commerce, e-governance and all fields in which user groups make decisions collectively. Case studies involving both types of situations are conducted in order to illustrate the methodology. The model has been designed under a data reduction strategy in order to improve application performance.

Embracing School Counselors’ Situatedness: Data-Based Decision Making as Fulfillment of a Complex Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1_part_3) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110119
Author(s):  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Catherine Griffith ◽  
Jihyeon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Counselor Identity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Students Success ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

Since at least the 1930s, school counselors have used data to inform school counseling programming. However, the evolving complexity of school counselors’ identity calls for an updated understanding of the use of data. We offer an expanded definition of data-based decision making that reflects the purpose of using data in educational settings and an appreciation of the complexity of the school counselor identity. We discuss implications for applying the data-based decision-making process using a multifaceted school counselor identity lens to support students’ success.

scholarly journals The Role of Consumer Autonomy in Developing Sustainable AI: A Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Lena Bjørlo ◽  
Øystein Moen ◽  
Mark Pasquine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Online Decision Making ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consumer Autonomy

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision aids are increasingly employed by businesses to assist consumers’ decision-making. Personalized content based on consumers’ data brings benefits for both consumers and businesses, i.e., with regards to more relevant content. However, this practice simultaneously enables increased possibilities for exerting hidden interference and manipulation on consumers, reducing consumer autonomy. We argue that due to this, consumer autonomy represents a resource at the risk of depletion and requiring protection, due to its fundamental significance for a democratic society. By balancing advantages and disadvantages of increased influence by AI, this paper addresses an important research gap and explores the essential challenges related to the use of AI for consumers’ decision-making and autonomy, grounded in extant literature. We offer a constructive, rather than optimistic or pessimistic, outlook on AI. Hereunder, we present propositions suggesting how these problems may be alleviated, and how consumer autonomy may be protected. These propositions constitute the fundament for a framework regarding the development of sustainable AI, in the context of online decision-making. We argue that notions of transparency, complementarity, and privacy regulation are vital for increasing consumer autonomy and promoting sustainable AI. Lastly, the paper offers a definition of sustainable AI within the contextual boundaries of online decision-making. Altogether, we position this paper as a contribution to the discussion of development towards a more socially sustainable and ethical use of AI.

De structuur van de besluitvorming in de Raad van de Europese Unie

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Jan Beyers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

In spite of its importance in European Union decision making, research on the functioning of the Council is scarce (Wessels, 1991). Based on empirical findings this article gives some new insights in the way Council decision making is institutionalized. The first part focusses on the characteristics of Council working groups and the different positions of actors in the decision making network. Our findings confirm the definition of the Council as a highly bureaucratized institution. Interesting is that the diversity of tasks of the different actors(working groups, Coreper, CSA etc.) strengthens the impact of national administrations in Council decision making. The second part explores the reasons for this impact. This article adds to the functional approach, which over-emphasizes the adaptive character of the Council, the perception of the Council as an intergovernmental component in a supranational system.

ACRIPPER: A New Associative Classification Based on RIPPER Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 2150013
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abu-Arqoub ◽  
Wael Hadi ◽  
Abdelraouf Ishtaiwi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Associative Classification ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Substantial Interest

Associative Classification (AC) classifiers are of substantial interest due to their ability to be utilised for mining vast sets of rules. However, researchers over the decades have shown that a large number of these mined rules are trivial, irrelevant, redundant, and sometimes harmful, as they can cause decision-making bias. Accordingly, in our paper, we address these challenges and propose a new novel AC approach based on the RIPPER algorithm, which we refer to as ACRIPPER. Our new approach combines the strength of the RIPPER algorithm with the classical AC method, in order to achieve: (1) a reduction in the number of rules being mined, especially those rules that are largely insignificant; (2) a high level of integration among the confidence and support of the rules on one hand and the class imbalance level in the prediction phase on the other hand. Our experimental results, using 20 different well-known datasets, reveal that the proposed ACRIPPER significantly outperforms the well-known rule-based algorithms RIPPER and J48. Moreover, ACRIPPER significantly outperforms the current AC-based algorithms CBA, CMAR, ECBA, FACA, and ACPRISM. Finally, ACRIPPER is found to achieve the best average and ranking on the accuracy measure.

scholarly journals Values-Based Practice When Engaging with Voice-Hearers

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Rosalind Austin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis chapter explores the values issues arising in voice-hearing through the resources of a new skills-based approach to working with values called values-based practice. The chapter is focused on the experiences of two voice-hearers, Paul and Mary, so as to highlight the diversity of ways that people experience voice-hearing, and how a correspondingly nuanced way of supporting voice-hearers is needed. It employs an inclusive definition of values covering anything that matters or is important to the person concerned. The chapter demonstrates that values-based practice in voice-hearing supports shared decision-making when working with values challenges in health care. Both Paul’s and Mary’s stories offer illustrations of the complex and sometimes conflicting values associated with voice-hearing.

scholarly journals Fuzzy covering-based rough set on two different universes and its application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Extension Principle ◽  
Upper Approximation ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Universes

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new type of fuzzy covering-based rough set model over two different universes by using Zadeh’s extension principle. We mainly address the following issues in this paper. First, we present the definition of fuzzy β-neighborhood, which can be seen as a fuzzy mapping from a universe to the set of fuzzy sets on another universe and study its properties. Then we define a new type of fuzzy covering-based rough set model on two different universes and investigate the properties of this model. Meanwhile, we give a necessary and sufficient condition under which two fuzzy β-coverings to generate the same fuzzy covering lower approximation or the same fuzzy covering upper approximation. Moreover, matrix representations of thefuzzy covering lower and fuzzy covering upper approximation operators are investigated. Finally, we propose a new approach to a kind of multiple criteria decision making problem based on fuzzy covering-based rough set model over two universes. The proposed models not onlyenrich the theory of fuzzy covering-based rough set but also provide a new perspective for multiple criteria decision making with uncertainty.

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