scholarly journals Investigation of drinking water quality and population health risk assessment in a poor rural area

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
The City

BACKGROUND: The quality and safety of drinking water directly affect the health of the local population. However, due to the limited conditions in poor rural areas, the safety of drinking water is more prominent. OBJECTIVE: It aimed to ensure the safety of drinking water quality and population health in poor rural areas. METHODS: A rural poor area was taken as an example, the drinking water plants were monitored during wet season and dry season, respectively, and the water quality indicators of rural drinking water in the city in 2019 were detected and analyzed. Finally, based on the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk evaluation model proposed, the health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in drinking water was carried out. RESULTS: In 2019, the qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas of the city was generally low. The average annual carcinogenic risk of drinking water in poor rural areas of the city was 1.57×10–6 (a–1), and the average annual non-carcinogenic risk was 5.38×10–9 (a–1). CONCLUSION: The health risk assessment model proposed can well evaluate the health risks of drinking water. The research provides a scientific basis for the risk management of drinking water of relevant departments.

scholarly journals Water quality analysis and health risk assessment of the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ma ◽  
Hao Ren ◽  
Tianhong Zhou ◽  
Fuping Wu ◽  
Guozhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
The Yellow River

Abstract The Yellow River flows through Lanzhou city and is the only drinking water source for 3.6 million people. However, people are not clear about the water environmental quality and safety in Lanzhou. To address this problem. Water samples were collected from different sites within this section during the high water period, normal water period and dry water period, and the environmental quality and health risk of the surface water were evaluated using the Nemerow index and health risk assessment method. The results are as follows: first, none of the pollutants exceeded the standard, except for total nitrogen; second, the highest comprehensive evaluation score was 1.04, so the water quality level was good; third, the health risk assessment showed that health risk value of water quality in the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River is on the high side, which is mainly caused by Chromium(Cr); fourth, the carcinogenic risk is five orders of magnitude higher than the non-carcinogenic risk, and the total carcinogenic risk is higher than the maximum acceptable risk level (10−5 a−1), while the total non-carcinogenic risk is lower than the acceptable health risk level (10−6 a−1). Therefore, to ensure the safety of its drinking water, Cr pollutants in the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River should be properly treated and controlled.

scholarly journals Water Quality Pollutants and Health Risk assessment for Four Different Drinking Water Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Tian ◽  
Wenzhao Li ◽  
Meijuan Ruan ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Weiwei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Acceptable Risk

Drinking water quality has become a great concern to the whole society, especially in heavily polluted rural areas. This paper analyzes the water quality of 100 water supping the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) recommended health risk assessment model. The results showed that the microbial indicators exceeded the standard in the whole year, and some of the water supply units which lead, nitrated and dissolved solids exceeding the standard. The model recommended by EPA is applied to establish risk assessment model for health risk assessment of adults in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Results of HRA indicated that carcinogenic risk of chromium was 7.61E-05a-1 and the risk value of arsenic was 9.92E-06a-1 which exceed the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by USEPA 5.0×10-5 closely to the ICPR recommendation 1.0×10-6. Meanwhile we conduct health risk assessment (HRA) on relevant non-carcinogenic indicators: nitrate is 2.95E-09a-1, the risk value of fluoride (F) is 2.49E-09a-1, the risk value of lead is 2.39E-09a-1 and copper (Cu) 9.00E-10a-1 exceeds the maximum acceptable risk level risk value recommended by USEPA 1.0×10-9. The above indicators require priority control and management of pollutants that are prioritized and managed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Parameters of Urban Drinking Water Quality along with Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ardabil Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Reza Aghlmand ◽  
Saeed Rasi Nezami ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk assessment was evaluated for both carcinogenic elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) and non-carcinogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, F, NO3, and Cu) using carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. In the present study, the WQI was calculated based on both World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian drinking water standards. Comparing the results of these standards revealed that the WQI based on the Iranian standard was slightly higher. Regarding the calculated WQI for the study region, the status of water quality for drinking consumption is in the good water quality class (25 < WQI < 50). It was observed that Cu and Cd have the highest and lowest concentrations in all sampling points, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) results showed that the non-carcinogenic substances studied had a low risk for both adults and children (<1.0). However, the CR results showed that Ni, Cd, and As were above the desired level for both children and adults. The results of this study can be applied for efficient water management and human health protection programs in the study area.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Health-Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Raw and Boiled Drinking Water from Rural Areas of China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Wu ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
Guangyi Sun ◽  
Lihai Shang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas

Application of two different health risk assessment approaches to detect soil potentially toxic element induced risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan ◽  
Armen Saghatelyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;Soils of urbanized and mining areas succeeded the main geochemical features of parent materials, as well as accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE) from different anthropogenic sources. The latter resulted in the change of soil chemical composition and high level of PTE which may have negative reflection on people&amp;#8217;s health. In this study 207 soil samples were collected from the entire territory of the city of Alaverdi hosting Alaverdi copper smelter. After the determination of Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and Mo concentrations by XRF the established data set was subjected for the PTE induced health risk assessment. In this study two commonly used health risk assessment approaches - Summary pollution index (Zc) [1]&amp;#8211;[3] and Hazard Index (HI, US EPA) [4] were used to assess human health risk posed by the content of studied PTE in soil of Alaverdi city. The result showed that the detected concentrations are mainly the result of superposition of PTE contents introduced into the environment from natural mineralization processes and Alaverdi copper smelter related activities. The health risk assessment showed that the Zc values belonging to the extremely hazardous level has point-like shape and are surrounded by the hazardous and moderately hazardous levels, respectively. Summary pollution index showed that approximately 53 % of the city territory including the residential part is under the risk suggesting the increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, functional disorders of the vascular system and children with chronic diseases [1]. The US EPA method were in line with the results of the Zc and indicated that the observed contents of elements are posing non-carcinogenic risk to adult mainly near the copper smelter. In the case of children single-element non-carcinogenic risk values greater than 1 were detected for As, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Mo in 122, 95, 86, 10, 10, 9 and 6 samples out of 207 soil samples and the mean HQ values decrease in the following order: As(2.41)&gt;Fe(1.14)&gt;Co(1.09)&gt; Mn(0.61)&gt;Pb(0.41)&gt;Cu(0.32)&gt;V(0.19)&gt;Mo(0.11)&gt;Cr(0.05)&gt;Ba(0.03)&gt;Zn(0.02). The multi-elemental non-carcinogenic risk observed in the entire territory of the city indicating an adverse health effect to children. The results of this study suggesting the need of immediate risk reduction measures with special attention to arsenic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; E. K. Burenkov and E. P. Yanin, &amp;#8220;Ecogeochemical investigations in IMGRE: past, present, future,&amp;#8221; Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 5&amp;#8211;24, 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; C. C. Johnson, A. Demetriades, J. Locutura, and R. T. Ottesen, Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Y. E. Saet, B. A. Revich, and E. P. Yanin, Environmental geochemistry. Nedra, 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; RAIS, &amp;#8220;Risk Exposure Models for Chemicals User&amp;#8217;s Guide,&amp;#8221; The Risk Assessment Information System, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_chemical_risk_guide.html. [Accessed: 01-Jan-2020].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Household Drinking Water in a District in the UAE

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed Hamouda ◽  
Ruwaya Al Kendi ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Sampling Points

The quality of household drinking water in a community of 30 houses in a district in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) was assessed over a period of one year (January to November 2015). Standard analytical techniques were used to screen for water quality parameters and contaminants of concern. Water quality was evaluated in the 30 households at four sampling points: kitchen faucet, bathroom faucet, household water tank, and main water pipe. The sampling points were chosen to help identify the source when an elevated level of a particular contaminant is observed. Water quality data was interpreted by utilizing two main techniques: spatial variation analysis and multivariate statistical techniques. Initial analysis showed that many households had As, Cd, and Pb concentrations that were higher than the maximum allowable level set by UAE drinking water standards. In addition, the water main samples had the highest concentration of the heavy metals compared to other sampling points. Health risk assessment results indicated that approximately 30%, 55%, and 15% of the houses studied had a high, moderate, and low risk from the prolonged exposure to heavy metals, respectively. The analysis can help with planning a spatially focused sampling plan to confirm the study findings and set an appropriate course of action.

Monitoring, mapping and health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water supplies in rural areas of Maku and Poldasht, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 2281-2294
Author(s):  
Hassan Aslani ◽  
Mahsa Zarei ◽  
Hassan Taghipour ◽  
Ehsan Khashabi ◽  
Hossein Ghanbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Supplies

scholarly journals Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Dissolved Metal in Surface and overlying water at the the Xiangjiang River in Southern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Huang ◽  
xingru zhao ◽  
Xiaocui Qiao ◽  
Chengyou Liu ◽  
Binghui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Xiangjiang River ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Metal pollution in rivers has been a serious environmental problem in aquatic ecosystems. The Xiangjiang River is an important drinking water resource for the Hunan province of China. It is crucial to ascertain the pollution status and health risk of metal in this river. In this study, both surface and overlying water samples were collected from the Xiangjiang River and 12 dissolved metals (Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Ba) were investigated. Results: Average concentrations fell in the order of dissolved metal Mg > Mn > Ba > Fe > Zn > As > Sb > Ni > Cd > V > Cr > Co, all of which were lower than the threshold values for drinking water guidelines of China. There was no significant difference in metal concentrations between surface and overlying water. Health risk assessment shows carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As and Cd were higher than the critical value, and children are more susceptible to the health risk of dissolved metals caused by drinking ingestion. Conclusion: The water quality in this area was good overall. Metals pollution appeared more serious in the midstrean and on the southern side of the investigated area. Anthropogenic activities are the main source of heavy metals in the river. Dissolved metals have health risk to local children with hazard index (HI) > 1. While more attention should be paid to As and Cd, which had a potential carcinogenic risk to human. The results provide guidance for controlling metal pollution and protecting drinking water sources in the Xiangjiang River.

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