scholarly journals MORAL IDEAL-BASED QUR`AN INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO SHĀṬIBĪ’S CONCEPT OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani ◽  
Majed Fawzi Abu Ghazalah ◽  
Mazlan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
The Ideal

The interpretation of the Qur`an has been frequently subjected to exploring legal aspects of verses, regardless of their underlying ethical bases. The goals of Islamic doctrines called as maqāṣid al-sharī'ah provide ethical judgements that can be functioned for this sake. Unfortunately, they have been applied just for legal formulation. This article employs Fazlur Rahman’s theory of distinction between legal-specific and moral-ideal of Qur`anic doctrines. This perspective will be used to analyze moral dimensions of Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid. In this article, it will be argued that the moral principles extracted from these goals can be functioned as the paradigm for interpreting the Qur`an. There are two models of moral value-based interpretation that can be developed. The first is ethical-historical interpretation. This interpretation aims to understand the verses of the Qur'an in the light of a historical context as the starting point, not only based on background or reason behind the verse that respond the historical situation, but also based on the moral message extracted from these ends. The second is the ethic-contextual interpretation. It is an interpretation that is projected to respond current issues by applying three interacting sides; present situations, the literary context, and the ideal-moral paradigm drawn from these ends.

Theoretical determination of the structures of CaSiO3 perovskites

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan Caracas ◽  
Renata M. Wentzcovitch
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Theoretical Determination ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Atomic Coordinates ◽  
The Ideal

Density functional theory is used to determine the possible crystal structure of the CaSiO3 perovskites and their evolution under pressure. The ideal cubic perovskite is considered as a starting point for studying several possible lower-symmetry distorted structures. The theoretical lattice parameters and the atomic coordinates for all the structures are determined, and the results are discussed with respect to experimental data.

The Holistic and Policy-Focused Interpretation of Hypothetical Insurance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Holistic Interpretation ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis paper argues that the best interpretation of Ronald Dworkin’s hypothetical insurance scheme is a holistic one that allows the parties to make choices between the policies that are available. This interpretation contrasts with the hypothecated and insurance-focused aspects that are traditionally understood as part of the procedure. The paper argues that the holistic interpretation better fits with the ideal of resource egalitarianism that people should have as much choice as possible from an equal starting point. It does so by allowing people a choice over the policies that will be used to achieve their insurance preferences.

scholarly journals A Meatless Dominion: Genesis 1 and the Ideal of Vegetarianism

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Patrick Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Genesis 1 ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Enuma Elish ◽  
The Ideal

I argue that a strand of biblical tradition, represented in Genesis 1:26–29, depicts a nonviolent relationship between humans and nonhumans—indicated by the practice of vegetarianism—as a moral ideal that represents the divine intention for the Earth community. This argument is supported by four claims. First, the cultural context of Genesis 1 suggests that the “image of God” entails a democratized royal charge of all humans to make God present in a unique manner in the created order. Second, this functional role must be understood in light of the unique deity (Elohim) in Genesis 1, a deity whose peaceful and other-affirming creative act is distinctive from violent creative acts of deities in other ancient Near Eastern cosmologies such as the Enuma Elish. Third, Genesis 1 provides an exegesis of humanity's dominion over animals in verse 29, which limits humanity's food to vegetation. Finally, juxtaposing Genesis 1 with Genesis 9 reveals a nefarious shift from human dominion, which is meant to be peaceful and other-affirming, to something altogether different—a relationship that is built upon terror.

scholarly journals MORAL VALUE ANALYSIS IN SERAT KITAB KALAM QODRAT FOR WOMEN’S MORAL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Anugrah Putri Juniarti ◽  
K. Saddhono ◽  
Prasetyo Adi Wisnu Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Education Support

Morality is a personal guide of distinguishing goodness from badness with their mind. Indonesian women, especially Javanese, are perceived to be moral when they possess noble character reflected in gentle, polite, loyal, and religious attitudes. Many Indonesian cultural products portray the ideal female figure in terms of physical to a moral image. One of the cultural products dedicated to illustrate the typical moral for women is Tambang Macapat. Macapat songs containing moral values for women are the song in Serat Kitab Kalam Qodrat (KKQ). This study focuses on examining the content and moral values of Serat KKQ using gender perspective, with a primary emphasis on women’s gender. The results can be used as a model for Indonesian women and their character education support. This research is qualitative descriptive with a content analysis method. The primary data are the literary works in KKQ from Mpu Tantular Museum collection, Sidoarjo and the thesis of Sri Sulistianingsih (2016) titled Kalam Qodrat book: text edits and structural analysis. The study results are related to women’s morals, respect to parents and a husband (obedient to a husband, loyal, and harmonious), determination, maintaining self-esteem (honor) and the motivation of study. Moralitas merupakan upaya untuk membimbing manusia menggunakan akalnya untuk membedakan kebaikan dan keburukan. Wanita Indonesia khususnya wanita Jawa disebut bermoral ketika memiliki budi pekerti luhur yang tercermin dari sikap lembut, santun, setia dan taat beragama. Banyak produk budaya Indonesia yang menggambarkan sosok perempuan ideal dari segi fisik hingga moralitas. Salah satu produk budaya yang didedikasikan untuk menggambarkan moral ideal bagi perempuan adalah tembang macapat. Salah satu tembang macapat yang memuat nilai moral bagi perempuan adalah tembang macapat yang ada di dalam serat Kitab Kalam Qodrat (KKQ). Fokus studi ini mengkaji isi dan nilai moral dari Serat KKQ menggunakan perspektif gender, dengan fokus utama pada gender perempuan. Hasil kajian dapat digunakan sebagai model bagi perempuan Indonesia serta untuk mendukung pendidikan karakter perempuan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan objek kajian serat KKQ. Menggunakan metode analisis isi. Data utama penelitian ini adalah serat KKQ koleksi museum Mpu Tantular Sidoarjo dan skripsi Sri Sulistianingsih (2016) dengan judul Kitab Kalam Qodrat: suntingan teks dan analisis struktural. Hasil dari penelitian berkaitan dengan moral (akhlak) perempuan, hormat pada orang tua, hormat kepada suami (sikap patuh pada suami, tidak durhaka, setia dan rukun), akhlak berpendirian teguh, menjaga harga diri (kehormatan) serta semangat menuntut ilmu 

scholarly journals The Concept of Abhisamaya in Indian Mahāyāna Philosophy

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Sergey L. Burmistrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Principles ◽  
Buddhist Teaching ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Ideal

Buddhist term abhisamaya is usually translated as insight or direct intuitive realization. Hināyāna texts treat it as a synonym for other terms de-noting the realization of the essence of Buddhist teaching. In Mahāyāna treatises it is interpreted as an intuitive recognition of the fact of the verity of Buddhist teaching before the logical realization of the basis of this verity. This recognition is the support for further logical comprehension of the essence of Buddhist teaching. It necessarily entail radical transformation of the person according to the moral principles of Buddhism. Therefore the knowledge acquired through this intuitive realization, unlike mundane knowledge, can never be lost. The question as to whether this abhisamaya gives the knowledge of entire Buddhist teaching or just its different parts that must be comprehended in a given stage of the Buddhist path was given different answers by Mahāyāna thinkers, but common idea was that this path is divided into stages and prelogical recognition is necessarily precedes logical com-prehension. The highest form of this intuitive realization is the realization of the bodhisattva ideal – the ideal of a person who refuses to be absorbed in nirvāṇa for salvation other sentient beings from saṃsāra. The acceptance of this ideal was treated in Mahāyāna as a necessary prerequisite for any intuitive realization of Buddhist Dharma

scholarly journals Protection of the Child’s Creative Output Including Its Legal Protection

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Education Process

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to analyze the necessity of defining and extending the protection of the child’s creative process. The starting point for consideration is the key role of artistic instruction in the child’s education and development which justifies providing appropriate framework for that process. The present text defines artistic output as a personal good covered by legal protection and specifies relevant legal regulations underlying the subject. It also reveals the position of the child as a creator with his/her specific characteristics and possible dangers arising from those characteristics. Another issue discussed here is the creative process and its components. In a further part, legal aspects of the child’s situation in the context of creative activity are analyzed with references to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the (Polish) Family and Guardianship Code (1964), the UN Declaration on Rights of the Child (1959) and other legal acts. Finally, the paper addresses objectives of arts education in the light of the discussed issues. Conclusions include an indication of certain similarity between some areas of interest in pedagogy and in law. The main conclusion comes down to a statement that in the education process we should take into consideration so-called creative integrity which constitutes a personal good of both the adult and the child, and which is covered by legal protection.

Zoning the Past: Brokers, Babbitts, and the Memory Work of Commercial Real Estate

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-311
Author(s):  
JAMES S. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
American Business ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Business

From the moment of its publication in 1922, Sinclair Lewis's novel Babbitt was widely hailed as a text that harnessed the tactics of literary realism to the ambitions of social science. Over the years, in fact, critics have consistently linked Lewis's dissection of a crass, puerile, and materialistic white-collar culture to a conception of the novel as barely fictionalized ethnography – a conceit that has scripted the author as the twentieth century's foremost “cartographer” of American business life. Taking this fact as its starting point, this essay shows how Lewis's efforts to create an ethnographic record of modern business life ultimately encoded an even deeper commentary on the peculiar role that industrial–commercial development played in shaping the ways white-collar Americans thought about, valued, and pursued traces of their putative “heritage.” Rather than simply depict industrial–commercial society's destruction of the past, I argue, Babbitt instead labored to create a necessary genealogy for this regime: one that provided the nation's new, forward-lurching order with the kind of temporal coherence and historical context that its own ascendance seemed most directly to expunge. In making such an argument, this essay seeks to query a long-standing presumption within public memory studies that for years has construed the idea(l)s of historical recovery and the operations of commercial capitalism as fundamentally, if not inherently, incompatible. Balefully derided for mass-producing and mass-marketing a commodified pastness, dismissed as tools for replacing authentic history with ersatz heritage, modern development practices have stood for the vast majority of critics as proof of Americans' fundamental disconnection from their common and authentic history. Seeking to complicate this view, this essay shows instead how Babbitt can be read as a powerful counterexample to such logic – one that casts modernization less as an adversary than as an adjunct to prevailing modes of public recollection.

The morphology of proximal pole scaphoid fractures: implications for optimal screw placement

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Luchetti ◽  
Youssef Hedroug ◽  
John J. Fernandez ◽  
Mark S. Cohen ◽  
Robert W. Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Fracture Line ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Proximal Pole ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Screw Length ◽  
Sagittal Image ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this study was to measure the radiographic parameters of proximal pole scaphoid fractures, and calculate the ideal starting points and trajectories for antegrade screw insertion. Computed tomography scans of 19 consecutive patients with proximal pole fractures were studied using open source digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) imaging measurement software. For scaphoid sagittal measurements, fracture inclination was measured with respect to the scaphoid axis. The ideal starting point for a screw in the proximal pole fragment was then identified on the scaphoid sagittal image that demonstrated the largest dimensions of the proximal pole, and hence the greatest screw thread purchase. Measurements were then taken for a standard screw trajectory in the axis of the scaphoid, and a trajectory that was perpendicular to the fracture line. The fracture inclination in the scaphoid sagittal plane was 25 (SD10) °, lying from proximal palmar to dorsal distal. The fracture inclination in the coronal plane was 9 (SD16) °, angling distal radial to proximal ulnar with reference to the coronal axis of the scaphoid. Using an ideal starting point that maximized the thread purchase in the proximal pole, we measured a maximum screw length of 20 (SD 2) mm when using a screw trajectory that was perpendicular to the fracture line. This was quite different from the same measurements taken in a trajectory in the axis of the scaphoid. We also identified a mean distance of approximately 10 mm from the dorsal fracture line to the ideal starting point. A precise understanding of this anatomy is critical when treating proximal pole scaphoid fractures surgically.

A Hymn of Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Uri Gabbay ◽  
Odette Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Old Babylonian

Abstract The article presents a philological edition of a tablet stemming from the Sealand dynasty that ruled southern Babylonia during the late Old Babylonian and the early Kassite period. It contains a bilingual Sumero-Akkadian hymn to the gods of Nippur for the sake of the Sealand king Ayadaragalama. The article examines the hymn in its literary context, especially in relation to earlier Old Babylonian royal hymns, and in its historical context, focusing especially on the situation in Nippur during the period of the First Sealand dynasty.

Apprenticeship Indentures and Apprentices in Medieval England, 1250–1500

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rhiannon E. Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Fictive Kinship ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Official Records

This thesis uses apprenticeship indentures to offer a novel insight into guilds and apprenticeship in medieval England. Indentures offer a unique view of idealised master-apprentice relationships, which are otherwise only visible in official records. A collection of 82 surviving indentures forms a starting point for exploring social, economic, and legal aspects of apprenticeship in medieval England, both within and outside the guild system. Chapter 1 outlines the content of indentures and provides a guide to their general form. Indentures developed gradually in response to social, economic and legal factors; these are explored in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the enforceability and enforcement of legislation pertaining to apprenticeship, as well as exploring the legal complexities of indentures as binding legal agreements made by minors. Chapter 3 considers apprenticeship in three ways in the context of the guild system: as a means of exploitation, as a means of exclusion, and as a means of providing technical training. No single model prevails, but the influence of each depends on geographical, economic, and temporal factors. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of the reality of apprenticeship. Chapter 4 discusses the use of behavioural clauses in indentures, which controlled apprentices’ behaviour with the primary aim of protecting masters’ reputations. Chapter 5 explores apprentices’ expectations of the apprenticeship, including provision of training. Chapter 6 presents novel estimates, based on surviving records, of the cost of maintaining an apprentice, concluding that they were not ‘cheap’ labour. Historians have not previously considered this cost. Chapter 7 uses testamentary evidence to examine close master-apprentice relationships, highlighting the importance of fictive kinship. Civic enfranchisement and its relative importance is also discussed. Overall, this thesis provides an original survey of apprenticeship in medieval England, based mainly on evidence from a previously neglected document type.

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