INITIATING RELIGIOUS MODERATION EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF MANUSCRIPT-BASED EDUCATION 4.0: HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS OF SERAT WEDHARAGA

Education must continue to adapt to changes to educate the younger generation for the dynamics of industrial revolution 4.0. Religious moderation is practiced in a variety of ways, most notably in education. Reintroducing the Indonesian nation's old writings is one technique to impart religious moderation instruction to the younger generation. With the richness of cultural works that Indonesia has such as ancient manuscripts, it should be able to lead people to live in harmony and peace. However, as a result of the growth of the industrial revolution 4.0, what is happening in our Indonesian life nowadays reveals that many deeds lead to violence and criminality in the name of religion. This study aims to investigate the concept of religious moderation education in the era of manuscript-based education 4.0, which is done using Serat Wedharaga's hermeneutic analysis approach. Researchers will use all available data and analysis to demonstrate how Serat Wedharaga, the work of Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsita, presents a concept linked to moderation education, which is critical in today's society in the education 4.0 era. This research is based on qualitative data. The data sources in this study consist of two kinds of data, namely primary data sources in the form of Serat Wedharaga manuscript, and secondary data in the form of books, photos, documents, journals, and previous research results that are relevant or related to primary data and research themes. After conducting an in-depth study, it is found that Serat Wedharaga incorporates educational principles such as andragogy education and the value of self-regulation, which includes honesty, tepasalira (tolerance), awas lan eling (cautiousness), and rejecting rumor. The educational values in Serat Wedharaga are relevant to the concept of religious moderation in the education 4.0 era.

THE OTHER SIDES OF PESANTREN: MAGICAL PRACTICES AROUND PESANTREN IN BANTEN

This research discusses practices of the magical culture in pesantren in Banten. The research model used in this study is qualitative-descriptive. Historical studies are used to present a narrative and chronological presentation of the storyline of a discussion. Pesantren in Banten has distinct characteristics compared to other pesantren in Indonesia. Most people believe that Banten is a Province in Indonesia that is famous for its ulama, kyai, santri, and pesantren. Those stereotypes and beliefs arise because Islamic values have been rooted strongly in most Banten citizens traditionally, culturally, and ritually. One of the characteristics of pesantren in Banten is that every santri is taught magic, silat (martial art), and tasawuf knowledge. Those characteristics have always been a matter of discussion because people believe that there are practices of magic in every pesantren in Banten. Some sources mention Banten as a center for the occult sciences, as well as known as a religious region. Magical practice is still considered important for the people of Banten, especially those living in rural areas to solve practical problems in their social life. In addition, the existence of jawara (warrior) and pesantren has created its own culture that is different from the dominant culture of Banten society.

THE RESPONSE OF PESANTREN COMMUNITY IN MAGELANG TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASLES RUBELLA IMMUNIZATION

This paper is aimed to determine the response of the pesantren community in Magelang-Indonesia to the Measles Rubella (MR) immunization law in 2017. Moreover, this paper was more focused on the investigation for the elements that is influencing the emergence of pro-contra attitudes among the pesantren community in Magelang-Indonesia toward the MR Rubella immunization law. The author used a sociology approach. Data obtained through observation, interview and literature study. The author used deductive-inductive methods and critical reflection to analyze the data. The article presents the conclusion of research that the pesantren community response in Magelang to inplementation of immunization and vaccination occurred pros and cons. Groups who reject immunization argue that immunization is against religious law. Meanwhile, the group receiving immunizations argues that immunization is important and emergencies in ensuring the health of children to avoid the disease that will result from not being immunized. So is the perspective of world religions. Essentially Islam, Protestant, Hindu and Jewish receive immunization as an effort to ensure the health of children. While Catholics and Buddhism tend to reject immunization

THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE OF NON-MUSLIM LEADERS IN INDONESIAN MUSLIM MAJORITY COMMUNITIES

One of the issues that often arise in the national politics and up to now is still warm is the rejection of non-Muslim leadership in the Muslim community. This problem arises due to differences in the views of scholars in understanding the verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet. In order to solve these problems, this article seeks to find sources of library data and then describes the reality of non-Muslim leadership in Indonesia. The results showed that the scholars differed in opinion regarding the permissibility of non-Muslim leaders. First, forbid choosing non-Muslim leaders because they have similarities in interpreting lafadz awliya 'with helpers and leaders. Second, they allow non-Muslim leaders for Muslim-majority areas because they hold the view that lafadz awliya' is no longer appropriate in the current context. In the perspective of Islam, a leader is called the caliph al-nubuwwah as the successor of the Prophet in world affairs, religion, or the state, therefore the law authorizing non-Muslims to handle the affairs of Muslims is haram, the law is like asking non-Muslims for help to fight rebels, and so on. as well as taking care of the affairs of the Muslims in general, this is in accordance with the letter al-Maidah verse 51 concerning the inability to control the administrative affairs of the Muslims to non-Muslims

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ALAWIYYIN SCHOLARS IN GROUNDING ISLAM IN THE ARCHIPELAGO IN THE 15TH-16TH CENTURY AD

This study explains the contribution of the Alawiyyin scholars in the Islamization of the archipelago in the 15th-16th centuries AD. The Alawiyyin scholar or Bani Alawi was the descendant of Sayyid Alawi bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad al-Muhajir who was connected to the Prophet Muhammad. They had played a major role in spreading Islam in the archipelago and contributed to the intellectual-spiritual development of Islamic civilizations in the archipelago. However, unfortunately, their role was not widely written by historians even though many classical scientific sources recorded their history. Therefore, this study provides new facts in revealing their contribution in spreading Islam in the archipelago through various works of literature of classical scholars who had recorded their contributions during the Islamization in the archipelago. This study was conducted using a literature study; with historical analysis to find historical data and facts about the contribution of Alawiyyin scholars in the Islamization of the archipelago in the 15th-16th centuries AD. The findings of this study show that Alawiyyin's contribution to the Islamization of the archipelago can be witnessed in their attempts to spread Islam, resulting in the birth of Islamic civilizations in the archipelago. They also helped to root Ahlussunnah wa Jama'ah, Syafii's sect (madzhab), and Sunni Sufism throughout the archipelago with wisdom

MORAL IDEAL-BASED QUR`AN INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO SHĀṬIBĪ’S CONCEPT OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH

The interpretation of the Qur`an has been frequently subjected to exploring legal aspects of verses, regardless of their underlying ethical bases. The goals of Islamic doctrines called as maqāṣid al-sharī'ah provide ethical judgements that can be functioned for this sake. Unfortunately, they have been applied just for legal formulation. This article employs Fazlur Rahman’s theory of distinction between legal-specific and moral-ideal of Qur`anic doctrines. This perspective will be used to analyze moral dimensions of Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid. In this article, it will be argued that the moral principles extracted from these goals can be functioned as the paradigm for interpreting the Qur`an. There are two models of moral value-based interpretation that can be developed. The first is ethical-historical interpretation. This interpretation aims to understand the verses of the Qur'an in the light of a historical context as the starting point, not only based on background or reason behind the verse that respond the historical situation, but also based on the moral message extracted from these ends. The second is the ethic-contextual interpretation. It is an interpretation that is projected to respond current issues by applying three interacting sides; present situations, the literary context, and the ideal-moral paradigm drawn from these ends.

THE REVIEW OF SOCIAL THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE ON THE BENEFITS OF VACCINE IN THE COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

The negative public perception of the vaccination is one of the most important concerns that occur while dealing with Covid-19. This viewpoint is based on the belief that vaccinations include ingredients that are prohibited by religion making their usage not halal. This study investigates the benefits of vaccinations in the Covid-19 preventive measures from a theological and scientific standpoint. This study employs qualitative research methods. Primary and secondary data were gathered from a variety of sources, including literature, information media, and statistics data. This study discovered several findings applying the maqashid al-syari'ah theory as an analytical tool: First, vaccines are medical instruments that aim to strengthen the immune system so that it can increase immunity and reduce the risk of Covid-19 transmission; Second, from the standpoint of social theology, the role of vaccines in protecting and preventing the body from transmitting Covid-19 is relevant to the dimensions of benefit found in maqashid al-syari'ah, which states that the purpose or objective of enforcing religious law must be oriented toward five things, one of which is the protection of the soul or self (hifzu al-Nafs); Third, the religious perspective plays a role in elucidating the reasons for the halal status of the Covid-19 vaccine from the standpoint of its value in social theology. In terms of science's viewpoint, it serves as a tool in articulating how the notion of self-preservation (hifzu al-Nafs) should be implemented through medical goods such as a vaccine. Vaccines are scientific attempts to contextualize the concept of religion so that it can be applied as a method to fight and prevent the spread of Covid-19

THE PERSPECTIVES OF ISLAMIC SCHOLARS ON RELIGIOUS DERADICALIZATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA ROLES

Tackling religious radicalism is a challenge in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the perceptions of Islamic scholars in Yogyakarta regarding the deradicalization of religion and the role of social media in religious deradicalization. This research uses a case study method which is part of qualitative research. Researchers collected data by conducting in-depth interviews via offline or online interviews via the Zoom application. Participants consisted of 16 male and female Islamic scholars coming from various backgrounds of Islamic organizations, such as Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, the Indonesian Islamic Da’wah Institute, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, and the Qur’an Tafsir Council. The location of this research is Yogyakarta Special Region. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis methods. This study of religious deradicalization found four major themes, namely strengthening awareness of being Indonesian, prioritizing an inclusive approach as a soft approach in fighting radicalism, promoting a deep understanding of Islam, and utilizing social media. This research can contribute to the government, religious leaders, educational institutions, and BNPT (National Counter-Terrorism Agency) where religious deradicalization programs need to be focused on a soft approach, involving the use of social media, targeting blind spot areas such as study programs of medical, engineering, and pharmacy at universities and ensuring mosques uncontrolled by radical groups.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY (The Analysis of Mental Disorders Based on Islamic Spiritual Tradition Perspective)

Amid modernization, most people need happiness. However, it accidentally brings them out to ecstasy. Plenty of ways are done to achieve its happiness. Unfortunately, some people are disappointed because they are unable to obtain it. When they don't succeed, their souls become unstable. This study examines the psychological problems of modern society with all its issues. Since it used the method of literature, the researchers drew two conclusions. First, most people experience a psychological crisis. It implies that they are less aware of the origins of their creation. Second, Islam offers a solution to overcome it by giving a thankful mindset and a way to purify one's soul (Tazkiyatun Nafs). People who have a thankful heart are happier, healthier, and in a better mood. People who regularly do Tazkiyatun Nafs (soul-cleansing) can keep their bad temper under control.

ZAKI NAGUIB MAHMOUD’S THOUGHT ON IDEAL POLITICS (From Social-Criticism to Liberating-Nationalism)

The discourse on political dynamics in Islamic (Arabic) countries leaves a debate that will never end. One of the Muslim thinkers who contributed to the concept of Islamic politics was Zaki Naguib Mahmoud. Although he was not as popular as other thinkers, in the context of Islamic politics, the presence of Zaki's thoughts made Islamic political discourse more dynamic. Zaki offered some criticisms and conceptual proposals for political discourse, namely a political concept that is not only oriented to the struggle for power, but a political concept that liberates, prospers, and always tries to build a better order of life. Zaky was here to oppose the tyranny of power and the hegemony of the majority over the minority. For the Arabs, the realization of such a political vision is not impossible, considering that they have a noble heritage in the form of a spirit of nationalism rooted in the era of their predecessors. It is this spirit that should be able to establish political order and liberate the Arab country from backwardness, decline, and moral degradation.