Biological Control of Mosquito Vectors

The main purpose of this review paper is to study different biological control methods for controlling mosquito vectors. Mosquitoes act as vector for many harmful diseases including malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filarial, encephalitis, chikungunya, dengue and poly arthritis. The use of chemical insecticides for controlling mosquitoes is limited because they develop resistance against these insecticides. So, efforts have been made to control the mosquito vectors by eco-friendly techniques. At present, biocontrol agents are used to control the mosquito species with the aim to reduce the impact and cost of insecticide based strategies. These biocontrol agents involve the use of natural enemies including bacteria, fungi, larvivorous fish, protozoans and nematodes. These agents target mosquitoes at different stages of their life cycle. In this paper, we focus on several bio-controlling methods used to reduce the population of mosquito vectors.

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Assessing aerated vermicompost tea (ACT) combined with microbial biological control agents for suppression of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-05-20-0156-r ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew C. Wylie ◽

Zamir K. Punja

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Background Suppression ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Vermicompost Tea ◽

The Impact ◽

Better Than

Biological control of plant diseases is important in organic greenhouse vegetable production where fungicide use is limited. Organic producers employ microbially-diverse substrates, including composts, as media for plant growth. Previous research into the impact of vermicompost on the efficacy of applied biocontrol agents is limited. An in vitro assay was developed to test the efficacy of two biological control agents in a competitive microbial background. Suppression of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum (Forc) by Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446 (Prestop®) and Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (Rhapsody®), was assessed on agar media amended with aerated vermicompost tea (ACT). Pathogen growth was reduced more by C. rosea than ACT alone and C. rosea was equally effective when combined with ACT. In contrast, B. subtilis reduced pathogen growth less than ACT, and when combined, reduced pathogen growth not more than ACT alone. Both biocontrol agents were similarly tested with ACT against Forc and Rhizoctonia solani on cucumber and radish. Additive, neutral, and antagonistic responses, depending on host, pathogen, and biocontrol agent, were observed. ACT alone provided more consistent disease suppression on cucumber compared with B. subtilis or C. rosea. In combination, disease suppression was most often better than each biocontrol alone but not better than ACT alone. ACT had antagonistic or additive interactions with C. rosea in the radish/R. solani pathosystem, depending on the experiment. The specific and general suppression of plant diseases by biological control agents in microbially-rich environments is variable and requires further study.

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Expansion of the Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): New Records in Northern Argentina and Their Implications From an Epidemiological Perspective

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1310-1313

Author(s):

S Goenaga ◽

A Chuchuy ◽

M V Micieli ◽

B Natalini ◽

J Kuruc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Nonhuman Primates ◽

New Records ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Vector Surveillance ◽

Misiones Province ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Abstract Since the last yellow fever (YF) outbreak was detected in Argentina in 2009, vector surveillance and studies of arbovirus infections are carried out intermittently specifically in areas where nonhuman primates of the Alouatta genus are present. We report in these areas of Corrientes province the detection of Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Sabethes albiprivus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), both species involved in the forest YF cycle, and also the presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in new areas in Argentina, which represents the southernmost citation for this species in South America. Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species native to Asia, was reported for the first time in Argentina in 1998, in Misiones province. Since then, no other report has indicated the extension of the distribution of this mosquito. This report shows the importance of performing continual entomological and arboviruses surveillance and highlights the impact that could result from the expansion of Ae. albopictus across Argentina.

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Protecting Australia from disease vectors: exotic mosquito management at the border

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma18032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angus Sly ◽

Callum Mack

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Disease Vectors ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Strong Focus ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

And Control

Mosquitoes, through the diseases they transmit, are considered the deadliest animals in the world1. While Australia is relatively free of many of the mosquito species capable of transmitting diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus, Australia is not immune to the risk of these arboviruses becoming endemic through the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors. In 150 separate instances there were 525 individual exotic mosquitoes detected at the Australian border between 2014 and 2017 (Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, unpublished data). Accordingly, there is a strong focus on surveillance and control activities to prevent exotic mosquito incursions and possible local establishment.

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Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations

The Knowledge Engineering Review ◽

10.1017/s0269888920000065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Konstantinos I. Kotis ◽

George A. Vouros ◽

Dimitris Spiliotopoulos

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Critical Review ◽

Linked Data ◽

Review Paper ◽

Ontology Engineering ◽

Status And Trends ◽

Critical Issues ◽

The Status ◽

Knowledge Graphs ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of this critical review paper is threefold: (a) to provide an insight on the impact of ontology engineering methodologies (OEMs) to the evolution of living and reused ontologies, (b) to update the ontology engineering (OE) community on the status and trends in OEMs and of their use in practice and (c) to propose a set of recommendations for working ontologists to consider during the life cycle of living, evolved and reused ontologies. The work outlined in this critical review paper has been motivated by the need to address critical issues on keeping ontologies alive and evolving while these are shared in wide communities. It is argued that the engineering of ontologies must follow a well-defined methodology, addressing practical aspects that would allow (sometimes wide) communities of experts and ontologists to reach consensus on developments and keep the evolution of ontologies ‘in track’. In doing so, specific collaborative and iterative tool-supported tasks and phases within a complete and evaluated ontology life cycle are necessary. This way the engineered ontologies can be considered ‘shared, commonly agreed and continuously evolved “live” conceptualizations’ of domains of discourse. Today, in the era of Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs, it is more necessary than ever not to neglect to consider the recommendations that OEMs explicitly and implicitly introduce and their implications to the evolution of living ontologies. This paper reports on the status of OEMs, identifies trends and provides recommendations based on the findings of an analysis that concerns the impact of OEMs to the status of well-known, widely used and representative ontologies.

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Evaluation of Pyriproxyfen Effects on Aedes aegypti and Predatory Mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab193 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah A Alomar ◽

Barry W Alto

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Control Methods ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Additional Advantage ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Toxorhynchites Rutilus

Abstract Control of mosquito vectors of pathogens remains heavily dependent on the application of conventional insecticides. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a novel insecticide that has been proposed for use in autodissemination techniques to control mosquito vectors. The use of PPF can inhibit adult emergence but does not inhibit larval development. This feature is favorable for controlling Aedes aegypti because PPF has the potential to work in combination with natural sources of mortality (competition, predation) during the immature stages, and other control methods, including biocontrol agents that further suppress recruitment of adult mosquitoes. However, the PPF effects on life-history traits of Ae. aegypti in comparison to predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus, a source of mortality, are not fully understood. Here, we show that larval exposure to PPF concentrations that inhibit 50–90% of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti had a negligible effect on adult emergence and lifespan of Tx. rutilus. Weights of adult Ae. aegypti and Tx. rutilus were not influenced by PPF. These findings suggest that the use of PPF to control mosquito vectors may have low effects on mosquito biocontrol agents. Our results extend and confirm earlier data showing that PPF has potential to implement with Tx. rutilus to suppress Ae. aegypti and provide an additional advantage of PPF use in autodissemination control strategies.

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Giant Swallowtail, Orangedog, Papilio cresphontes Cramer (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in134-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Heather J. McAuslane

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Host Plants ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Control Methods ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

A Minor

Revised! EENY-008, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by H. J. McAuslane, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this striking, wonderfully “exotic”-looking butterfly that is very abundant in Florida, and whose larva is the well-known “orangedog” that is a minor pest of sweet orange and other members of the citrus family — its distribution, description, life cycle, host plants, biological control and other control methods. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2009. EENY-008/IN134: Giant Swallowtail, Orangedog, Papilio cresphontes Cramer (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (ufl.edu)

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Management and Risk in the Frame of Ipm with Biological Control Methods

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1488-1497

Author(s):

Marian Lixandru ◽

Sergiu Fendrihan

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Human Population ◽

Review Paper ◽

Short Review ◽

Control Methods ◽

Demographic Development ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public

The demographic development of human population, the pollution, with pesticides, the needs for better quality crops, determined the farmers, policy makers, scientists and the public to make steps further in order to adopt strategies, to issue laws, guides, directives to implement in practice the use of IPM and biological control of pests and Phyto-pathogens for implementing sano-genetic advanced agriculture. This is a short review paper discussing the modern and future IPM.

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