scholarly journals Tunica Adventitia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Adventitia

The Efficacy of Hydrodilatation for the Prevention of Vasospasm following Microsurgical Anastomosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merdan Serin ◽  
Mehmet Bayramiçli ◽  
Özlem Tuğçe Çilingir Kaya ◽  
Hilal Nişva Levent ◽  
Zeynep Deniz Akdeniz Doğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction Vasospasm is a major problem following microsurgical reconstruction which can result in the partial or complete loss of the flap tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrodilatation for the prevention of vasospasm. Material and Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were used for this experimental study. Femoral arteries of were exposed, photographed, and transected. In group 1, group 2, and group 3 papaverine solution, hydrodilatation, and minimal mechanical dilatation (control group) was performed, respectively. The anastomosis was completed and the arteries were photographed again 10 minutes after completion of the anastomosis. Following 7-day period samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy were obtained. Results The mean vessel diameters prior to transection were 0.43, 0.45, and 0.52 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. The mean vessel diameter 10 minutes following the completion of anastomosis was 0.76, 0.75, and 0.51 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. Median score for papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 2, 3, 2, and 3 positive, respectively. Median score for the papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 3, 3, 3, and 3 positive, respectively. All the histological scores were negative in the control group. The difference between the control group and the experiment groups 1 and 2 was significant regarding all four histological parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hydrodilatation and papaverine application were both effective in preventing vasospasm following microsurgical intervention but papaverine caused slightly less damage to the endothelial lining and less edema in the tunica adventitia when compared with the hydrodilatation. Hydrodilatation group showed a vasodilatory effect that was statistically similar to that of papaverine, which has a proven efficacy.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Elastic Component in Tunica Adventitia of Some Arteries in Lamb

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalma Csibi ◽  
Flavia Ruxanda ◽  
Vasile Rus ◽  
Cristian Martonos ◽  
Cristian Rațiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Component ◽  
Tunica Adventitia

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Study of the Goat Ductus deferens

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
E. Marettová ◽  
M. Maretta
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Tunica Muscularis

Abstract Ductus deferens plays an important role in sperm transport and participates in the preservation of structure, maturation, and viability of sperm. In this study, we have immunohistochemically examined the ductus deferens in the goat. For immunohistochemical study the following monoclonal antibodies were used: cytokeratin 18, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and elastin. Morphologically, three distinct layers were identified in the goat ductus deferens — tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia. The epithelium of the mucosa was intensely stained with cytokeratin 18 (CK 18). The fibroblasts in the lamina propria and blood capillaries in the muscle layer showed positive reaction for vimentin. A positive reaction for α-SMA was observed in the smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis in the internal, middle and outer sublayers. An intense positive reaction for α-SMA was observed in the wall of the blood vessels. Elastic fibers in the form of a loose meshwork were present in all three layers. The high density of elastic fibers were found in the tunica adventitia.

scholarly journals Features of Atherosclerosis in the Tunica Adventitia of Coronary and Carotid Arteries in a Black Kenyan Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Julius Ogeng’o ◽  
Kevin Ongeti ◽  
Moses Obimbo ◽  
Beda Olabu ◽  
Philip Mwachaka
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Paraffin Embedding ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Introduction. Histologic changes which occur in the tunica adventitia during initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis are seldom reported. This study aimed at describing the features of atherosclerosis in the tunica adventitia of two of the commonly afflicted arteries, namely, left anterior descending coronary and common carotid in black Kenyans. Materials and Methods. Specimens from 108 individuals [76 males and 32 females, mean age 34.6] were processed for paraffin embedding. Seven micron thick sections were stained with Mason’s trichrome and Haematoxylin/Eosin and examined with a light microscope. Results. Features of atherosclerosis were present in the tunica adventitia of 14.8% of left anterior descending arteries and 11.1% of common carotid arteries. Increase in adventitial thickness was associated with increased density of vasa vasora in 8.3% of both arteries. In the left anterior descending and common carotid arteries, 6.5% and 3.7% of cases, respectively, the tunica adventitia thickened without intimal hyperplasia. Conclusion. Features of atherosclerosis occur in the tunica adventitia of coronary and carotid arteries in over 10% of the black Kenyans studied. These features often precede the intimo medial changes. Tunica adventitia should therefore be prioritized in evaluation for atherosclerosis, in individuals at risk. This may enhance early detection and intervention.

Histological Study on the Oesophagus and Crop in Various Species of Wild Bird

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Rajabi ◽  
Abolghasem Nabipour
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Thoracic Part

The histology of the oesophagus and crop was studied in six species of birds: Rock Dove, Collared Dove, Rose-ringed Parakeet, Kestrel, House Sparrow and Linnet. In species, the epithelium of oesophagus and crop was a keratinised stratified squamous. The lamina propria was a loose connective tissue containing glands. Glands were either purely mucous or seromucous (mixed). In the rock dove, rose-ringed parakeet and collared dove, there were no glands either in the cervical part of oesophagus or in the crop. There were differences in the histochemistry of glands’ secretions. The muscularis mucosa was present as a thick layer of smooth muscle fibres. The tunica submucosa was a loose connective tissue containing vessels and nerves. The tunica muscularis consisted of smooth muscle and was surrounded by the tunica adventitia at the cervical part of the oesophagus and crop, and by the tunica serosa at the thoracic part of the oesophagus.

scholarly journals Transport of Prostaglandin F2α Pulses from the Uterus to the Ovary at the Time of Luteolysis in Ruminants Is Regulated by Prostaglandin Transporter-Mediated Mechanisms

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 3326-3335 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeHoon Lee ◽  
John A. McCracken ◽  
Sakhila K. Banu ◽  
Royce Rodriguez ◽  
Thamizh K. Nithy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Ovarian Artery ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Tunica Intima

In ruminants, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is the uterine luteolytic hormone. During luteolysis, PGF2α is synthesized and released from the endometrium in a pulsatile pattern. The unique structure of the vascular utero-ovarian plexus (UOP) allows transport of luteolytic PGF2α pulses directly from the uterus to the ovary, thus bypassing the systemic circulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. The objective of the present study was to determine a role for PG transporter protein (PGT) in the compartmental transport of PGF2α from uterus to ovary through the UOP at the time of luteolysis using the sheep as a ruminant model. [3H]PGF2α, with or without a PGT inhibitor, was infused into UOP, and PGF2α transport and PGT protein expression were determined. Results indicate that PGT protein is expressed in tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia of the utero-ovarian vein and the ovarian artery of the UOP, and the expression levels are higher on d 10–15 compared with d 3–6 of the estrous cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of PGT prevented transport of exogenous [3H]PGF2α as well as oxytocin-induced endogenous luteolytic PGF2α pulse up to 80% from uterine venous blood into ovarian arterial blood through the UOP at the time of luteolysis in sheep. Taken together, these results indicate that at the time of luteolysis, transport of PGF2α from uterus to ovary through the UOP is regulated by PGT-mediated mechanisms. These findings also suggest that impaired PGT-mediated transport of PGF2α from the utero-ovarian vein into the ovarian artery could adversely influence luteolysis and thus affect fertility in ruminants.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of the structure of arterial Tunica adventitia and its involvement in atherosclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 824-833
Author(s):  
Julius Ogeng’o ◽  
Beryl S. Ominde ◽  
Kevin Ongeti ◽  
Beda Olabu ◽  
Moses Obimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Elastic Fibres ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Structure Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Layer

Tunica adventitia was previously considered an inert fibrous layer only involved in nutritional and physical support of the arterial wall. Recent studies reveal that it is an important dynamic layer actively involved in the regulation of vascular structure, function, response to injury and disease processes especially atherosclerosis. Many anatomical studies on arteries, however, still make only peripheral reference to it, without elucidating its detailed structure. Knowledge of the latter is important in understanding pathobiology and interventional approaches to atherosclerosis. This review, therefore, aims at consolidating contemporary literature on the structure and clinical significance of the arterial tunica adventitia. Google literature search was done using the key words tunica adventitia combined with: artery, aorta, cells, cell types, collagen, elastic fibres, vasa vasora, lymphatics, nerves, atherosclerosis. There is overwhelming evidence that the tunica adventitia comprises multiple types of collagen and elastic fibres arranged in various directions, a wide variety of cells including fibroblasts, smooth muscle, pericytes,  myofibroblasts, leukocytes, mononuclear phagocytic, defence, mesenchymal stem and mast cells; vasa vasora including  microvasculature, lymphatics and neural elements. The exact cellular, fibre composition and orientation vary between various arteries and regions of the same vessel. Its components are involved in the initiation, progression and complications of  atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the tunica adventitia is an active dynamic layer which, besides mechanical and nutritive  functions; has metabolic, regulatory and defence roles that are critical in arterial homeostasis and  atherosclerosis. Vascular studies should always include detailed analysis of the biology of the tunica adventitia.Key words: Tunica adventitia, cells, fibres, vessels, nerves, atherosclerosis

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