scholarly journals Improvement of mechanization and agricultural technologies in the mountainous and foothill regions of the North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
С ДЖИБИЛОВ ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Л ГУЛУЕВА ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Ирина Солдатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Meadows

Abstract. The authors presented the results of scientific research and experimental development, on the basis of which a prototype was designed and created for applying liquid fertilizers to the grass and the soil surface of mountain meadows and pastures in order to improve them, reduce erosion processes and increase productivity. The aim of the work: to develop and create a combined multifunctional unit for the application of liquid fertilizers on mountain meadows and pastures, providing an increase in the productivity of agricultural landscapes and profitability of agricultural production by 15–20 %. The object of the study are fertilizer application rates and interchangeable working parts: a container for liquid mineral fertilizers, a collector of sprayers, tips. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that a combined multifunctional unit based on a chisel cultivator ССМ-2,4 was created for the first time. The research of the unit was carried out on the basis of the workshop of the mechanization group of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture (NCRIMPAC) and at the high-altitude experimental site in the village of Dargavs Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania. When creating a prototype of a unit for applying liquid fertilizers, the developments of the authors are used and combined, which are confirmed by the issuance of patents for useful model of the Russian Federation No. 144420 and No. 130781. As a result of the application of the developed prototype of the unit, the erosion processes are reduced, the productivity and profitability of the sloping lands increases, and the botanical composition of the herbs is improved. It was established that the design and functionality of the proposed unit also allow it to be used in the mountain zone in nursery farms and on tilled crops with simultaneous application of liquid fertilizers in the forest zone. The use of a prototype unit will reduce erosion and other types of degradation of the fertile soil in the mountains, solve the problem of surface improvement of hayfields and pastures and, as a result, increase the productivity of forage lands by 15–20 %.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF Sr DISTRIBUTION IN ROCKS AND SOILS OF GEOCHEMICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
I.Y. Matasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sea Coast

The article considers the results of studying the features of Sr distribution in rocks of various ages and composition and soils of landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia (in the humus horizon and soil profile). The content of elements in the studied soils is compared with the regional background for the soils of the North Caucasus. A direct relationship between the content of the element in soils and underlying rocks, as well as the influence of technogenesis on the processes of accumulation and removal of the element in the soils of agricultural landscapes, has been revealed. The results of a comprehensive study of the south of Russia became the basis for studying the peculiarities of the distribution of Sr landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia. To establish the main parameters of the distribution of chemical elements in rocks and soils of various landscapes and the region as a whole, to identify geochemical features of geographical and technogenic differentiation, to assess the impact of various types of environmental management on changes in the geochemical spectrum of soils, to determine the influence of landscape-forming factors on the migration of chemical elements and the formation of geochemical barriers. The highest concentration of Sr was observed in carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Paleogene and Cretaceous ages (marls and limestones). In the humus horizon of soils, the average metal concentrations vary in the range from 13.0∙10–3 to 95.0∙10–3 % with a regional clark of 22.0∙10–3 %.

scholarly journals Justification of the underflow intake design in the mountainous gardening conditions for the drip irrigation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Kharlampiy Kilidi ◽  
Evgeny Kuznetsov ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Larisa Motornaya ◽  
Arsen Kurtnezirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Polyethylene Pipes ◽  
Intake Structure

For ecological gardening, it is necessary to develop agricultural landscapes, which are currently not used effectively enough in mountainous areas and are not adapted for the production of eco-products, except for hay on pastures. Drip irrigation systems allow you to grow orchards and vineyards on the slopes of mountains and areas with high slopes. The source of irrigation for orchards is usually mountain rivers, which have an unstable water regime due to flood events, which is a problem for the development of ecological gardening and viticulture. Designed water intake structure on the White river for drip irrigation systems, which in a complex hydrological regime source of irrigation ensures the production of water for irrigation of crops, and allows at minimum levels to provide the necessary water supply for irrigation of crops in the highlands of the North Caucasus. The design for extracting irrigation water includes perforated polyethylene pipes with a flushing device located in a trench in the backfill of the filter. Water purified from large deposits flows by gravity into the receiving well and is then sent to an additional treatment system. This approach to water extraction provides a guaranteed irrigation regime for the garden of fruit crops.

scholarly journals Technologies and methods of restoration of degraded forage lands of the Central Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The article presents the results of R&D and new units for the restoration of degraded mountain areas. The purpose of the study is the accelerated restoration of the natural phytocenosis and the implementation of measures to improve meadows using these aggregates. The object of the study is the technologies and units developed by the authors for the following operations: cutting bumps, raking stones, sowing grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. The research objectives included: determining the initial floristic composition of a degraded mountain meadow; assessment of the impact of events and agricultural practices on the change in the floristic composition of the grass stand, its productivity and energy intensity; identification of the effectiveness of the application of the developed units when sowing herbs in turf and targeted application of mineral fertilizers. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve mountain fodder land using small-sized universal units. . The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavskiy depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2. Three options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is grass seeding by the aggregate, the third option is grass seeding and low doses of N60P45K20 fertilizers. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ; the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations amounted to 21.8 c/ha of dry weight, which is 3 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 39.2 c/ha of dry weight against 19.3 c/ha in the control.

scholarly journals Influence of agricultural technology elements on nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Irina Vladimirovna Engovatova ◽  
Elena Olegovna Shestakova ◽  
Irina Gennadievna Storchak ◽  
Fedor Vladimirovich Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties

The purpose of our research is to study the influence of the main elements of cultivation technology on the nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants of varieties selected by THE North Caucasus Federal RESEARCH center (Mikhailovsk, Stavropol territory), as well as to establish the possibility of assessing the nitrogen content based on remote sensing data. Methods. The field experiment was performed in accordance with the guidelines of B. A. Dospekhov. The nitrogen content was determined by the method of V. T. Kurkaev and co-authors. NDVI data was obtained using a Greenseeker hand-held scanner (Trimble). Found that the use of mineral fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation increases the relative content of nitrogen in plants at the end of generative period by 30.7-61.3% as at the predecessor pairs and 12-52,5 % for the predecessor winter wheat. The highest nitrogen content in plants was observed at the seeding rate of 4 million/ha (the excess compared to 5 and 6 million/ha is 4.3-19 %). The influence of seeding dates and norms on the relative nitrogen content is not always unambiguous and depends on the conditions of a particular year. Among the varieties, Anisimovka shows high nitrogen content. During the earing phase, there is a direct correlation between the NDVI of winter wheat crops and the relative nitrogen content in plants, the correlation coefficient on average over the years of the study is 0.72. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time for the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the features of nitrogen nutrition of plants of new varieties of winter wheat was analyzed, and a correlation was established between the nitrogen content in the earing phase and the NDVI index.

scholarly journals About the role of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil treatment in the formation of corn hybrids productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Nurbiy Mamcirov ◽  
Arcen Mnatcakanyan
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The production of corn in the North Caucasus, and particularly in Adygea, has its own characteristics. While cultivating, it is necessary to improve individual elements of technology constantly, since they, together with technical means, determine production efficiency, seed productivity and quality of product [7]. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal methods of basic soil cultivation and doses of mineral fertilizers that give the maximum effect when growing corn selection hybrids of the FSBSI “National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko”. The novelty of the obtained results is that the responsiveness of new corn hybrids has been studied for the first time on merged leached black soils and the most optimal elements of their cultivation technology have been identified. The research methods correspond to the “Methodology of Experimental Business” by B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result, it was found that the types of tillage did not have a significant effect on the density of the topsoil and varied within 1.23–1.26 g/cm3. It was noted that the best conditions for the growth and development of plants are formed when fertilizers are applied at doses of N120P60K40 and N150P60K40. Plowing to a depth of 30–32 cm (option 3) and plowing to a depth of 26–28 cm with soil deepening (option 4) had approximately the same effect on the analyzed parameters of corn. The maximum leaf area in the range of 7028–7083 cm2 and the largest weight of one plant, 2.25–2.26 kg, was noted respectively in 3 and 4 options, which contributed to obtaining of the highest yield – 5.84 and 5.62 t/ha. The optimal parameters of the elements in the yield structure were noted in the variant with a dose of N120P60K40, where the grain yield of the hybrid ROSS 140 SV was 4.94 t/ha, Krasnodar 194 MV – 4.90 and ROSS 195 MV – 5.25 t/ha, which is on 67.2, 72.6 and 69.0 % higher than in the control. The use of fertilizers in a dose of N120P60K40 provides better economic efficiency, although the yield here is somewhat lower than on the N150P60K40 option. The most cost-effective was the variant with the dose of N120P60K40, and amounted: ROSS 140 SV – 168.6 %, Krasnodar 194 MV – 184.4 % and ROSS 195 MV – 185.4 %.

scholarly journals Methods for improvement of mountain agricultural landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Eduard Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The authors presented the results of research and development, on the basis of which a new resource-saving method and unit for raking and recycling stones from the slopes of meadows and pastures with an exposure slope of up to 12° was designed and created in order to improve, reduce erosion processes and increase the productivity of mountain slope areas. The purpose of the research is to develop a new method of improvement and a prototype of a mounted stone harvesting unit for slope natural forage lands with the utilization of small and medium-sized stones in simultaneously cut channels. The object of research is the working bodies for raking stones with a diameter of more than 50 mm (comb) and a special plow that cuts channels for their subsequent disposal. The novelty of the technical solution is that for the first time the small-sized chisel cultivator KPG-2, 4 is equipped with new working bodies for removing stones from slope meadows and pastures. The developed unit carries out Shuttle movement, starting from the top of the meadow part of the slope, corrals across the slope, raking stones with a comb, and, as necessary, disposing of them in the channel, simultaneously cut with the help of a single-body plow. The unit was tested in a hospital on the southern slope of the Dargava basin of the RSO-Alania (left Bank of the Gizeldon river) at an altitude of 1650 m below sea level, with a slope of 10°. The use of the developed unit allows enriching the soil with organic nutrients that stimulate the increase in the productivity of forage lands, reduce erosion and other degradation processes of the soil cover, create favorable conditions for the use of mechanization tools in meadows and pastures increase the environmental and economic significance of natural forage lands.

scholarly journals NEW DATA ABOUT THE FAUNА OF ORIBATID MITES (ORIBATIDA) OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Umukusum Ya. Shtanchaeva ◽  
Luis S. Subias ◽  
Aleksandr M. Kremenitsa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The purpose of this work is to publish new data on the species composition of oribatid mites in the North Caucasus, which will make possible to clarify the destribution of the oribatids of the world fauna region. The material was collected in 2003-2009, according to generally accepted methods, in 23 habitats in the territory of Adygea, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and the Krasnodar Territory in various altitudinal levels: in alpine and subalpine meadows, in mountain forests of various types (birch, pine, beech or mixed), mesophytic meadows in the forest zone, in xerophytic shrubs and mountain steppes, floodplain meadows and salt marshes of the semidesert biotopes of the lowland zone. Results. There were found 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenera belonging to 62 families. Forest habitats are characterized by the greatest species diversity, there are found 232 species of oribatids. In the alpine and subalpine meadows 158 species are noted, 71 species are found in the mountain steppe zone, 47 species in the salt marshes of the semidesert zone, and 7 species in the floodplain meadows. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus Novosuctobelba Hammer, 1977 and 29 species of the oribatid mites are registered, founded earlier only in Japan, China, Somalia and some countries of the Mediterranean. There are 14 new taxa for science: 12 species and 2 subspecies. Conclusion. In 23 biotopes of 18 geographical points of the Northern Caucasus 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenus and 62 families were found. The number of species found in the biotopes of different altitude zones corresponds to the basic patterns of distribution of oribatids in mountain ecosystems: the biotopes of the forest zone are characterized by the greatest species diversity, the number of species in the soils of alpine and subalpine meadows and biotopes of the mountain-steppe zone is somewhat lower, the smallest number of species is found in the semidesert zone. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus and 29 species of oribatid have been recorded, which allows to expand the areology of some species of the oribatid mites. There are 14 new taxa for science.

scholarly journals Means of mechanization and technological methods for the restoration of degraded mountain agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The authors present the results of R & D and new aggregates for improving degraded slope areas. The purpose of the study is to develop new systems of grassland management to increase soil fertility and accelerate the restoration of mountain areas. The object of the study is agricultural practices that increase the productivity of mountain phytocenoses with aggregates developed by the authors for the following operations: slitting, sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers. The tasks of the research included: to study the optimal distance between the springy stands of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2,4 and to assess the impact of the conducted agricultural practices on changing the floral composition of the grass stand, improving the plant nutrition regime and water-air regime, enriching the grass stands by seeding valuable grass species. The novelty of the technical solution is that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve the phytocenosis of land using small-sized universal aggregates. The tests were carried out in the mountain zone of the RNO – Alania (Dargava basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. The pasture area is heavily degraded. The experimental section is divided into three repetitions. The width of each repetition is 2.4 m, the length is 10 m, the dividing strips are 1m, the side strips are 2.4 m. The total area of the experimental site located across the slope is 184.2 m2. Results. It was found that a higher yield for three years of observations was revealed in the variant with a distance between the slits of 1.5 m. In relation to the control variant, in the first year of observations, the increase in this variant was 8.9 c/ha of dry weight, and in the third year this indicator increased to 12.5 c/ha, while in the variant with slits after 1 m, this indicator was 5.2–6.7 c/ha, respectively, and at a distance of 2.4 m – 4.3–5.1 c/ha (42 % of the soil cover).

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of improvement of agriculture optimization technology and machine complex optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05054 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Apazhev ◽  
A.G. Fiapshev ◽  
Iu.A. Shekikhachev ◽  
L.M. Khazhmetov ◽  
A.L. Khazhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Improved Technology

To ensure the food security of the Russian Federation, one of the priority areas of the state’s economic and food policy is a step-by-step reduction of the dependence of the domestic agroindustry complex on the import of technologies, machines, and equipment. Currently, machines and aggregates that perform one specific operation are often used in preparing the soil for sowing crops; their multiple passes along the surface of the field being treated increase energy costs, lead to soil compaction, emergence and development of erosion processes. Considering this, further improvement of cultivation technologies, machines and units for soil preparation and sowing crops is required. To solve this problem, we propose an improved technology and an optimized complex of machines that can perform plowing, crushing soil blocks, mulching the topsoil, and sowing. The use of the proposed technology and an optimized machinery complex for the cultivation of winter wheat in the Central part of the North Caucasus resulted in a decrease in: direct energy costs by 33.5%; living labor costs by 31.7%; specific energy consumption of MTA by 41.7%; materialized energy costs by 50%; energy consumption for sowing by 7.7%. As a result, total energy costs decreased by 34%.

scholarly journals The most important selection criteria in winter wheat breeding for grain quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
◽  
N.I. Sokolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Sedimentation Value

The quality of wheat grain largely depends on the hereditary characteristics of the variety. In 2018-2020, in the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Center, studies were carried out to search for source material among the diversity of genotypes of common winter wheat at the early stages of the breeding process to select the most promising in the context of grain quality. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary medium-thick low-humus medium loamy chernozem. The climate of the zone is temperate continental. According to long-term data, the annual sum of effective temperatures is 3177.2 °C; average annual precipitation is 559.6 mm; Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) is 1.06. Before sowing, complex mineral fertilizers were applied at a dose of N40P60K40; in spring, ammonium nitrate – 26 kg of active ingredient per ha. Fifteen lines of common winter wheat selected according to a complex of breeding valuable signs (yield, resistance to diseases, frost and winter hardiness, drought resistance) served as a material for the studies. Lines were compared with the standard variety ‘Aivina’ according to the most important criteria: gluten mass fraction and quality, protein mass fraction and sedimentation value. Four wheat lines (21663, 20029, 21728, 21944) characterized by gluten of I and II group (gluten content from 23 % to 25.7 %) were identified. They exceeded the standard by 2.0–4.7% and corresponded to the 3 class of grain quality. In line 21944, minor variability of the protein amount (10 %) in the grain by year was noted; in the lines 21226, 21924 and 20029 ‒ average (14.2‒18.7 %); in the rest genotypes, including standard, it was significant (20.1‒34.3 %). On average, over the years of studying, six lines (21420, 21663, 21683, 21118, 21944, 21924) were classified as strong wheat (sedimentation value was in the range of 51‒62 ml). The flour strength of the ‘Aivina’ wheat grain had an average sedimentation value – 49 ml. Lines 21944 and 21924, which exceeded the standard, can be used as sources of high-quality grain when creating new varieties of common winter wheat for regions with a dry period of grain formation.

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