scholarly journals STONE COMPOSITION PATTERN OF KIDNEY STONE

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aries Alpendri ◽  
Danarto HR
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Composition Pattern

Objective: The purpose of this study was to know the bacterial and sensitivity pattern towards antimicrobials on kidney stones and to know the stone composition of kidney stones. Material &Method: Data were collected from medical record in 1 year period from January until Desember 2008 with descriptive study design. Results: We found 59 patients in that period, 32 males and 27 females, the mean age was 52,5 ± 10,31 with age 31 – 75 years old, most patients came from Bantul (16,9%) and 25,4% patients were housewives. From urine analysis we found leucocyturia (44,1%), erythrocyturia (39,0%), nitrituria (3,4%) and bacteriuria (6,8%). Urine culture showed E. coli (12,5%) and Candida (12,5%) being the most common causative microorganism. No antimicrobials was sensitive to all bacteriae while all antifungal was sensitive to candida. Stone composition showed ammonium (98%), calcium oxalate (91,8%), calcium non oxalate (93,9%), carbonate (22,4%), cholesterol (14,3%), uric acid (10,2%) and phosphate acid (10,2%). Conclusion: The most common stone composition were ammonium, calcium oxalate, and calcium non oxalate. E. coli still being the most common causative microorganism.Keywords: Kidney stone, stone composition, urinary tract infection, urine analysis, urine culture.

scholarly journals Pre-operative Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy Characterisation of Kidney Stones with Second-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
DK Mella Mohd Ali ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Mahmud ◽  
Noor Shafini Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Dual Source

Background: The current clinical practice to manage kidney stone requires knowledge of the stone composition. However, it is often difficult to determine the actual stone composition before a stone is operatively removed from the patient. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can predict urinary stone composition, but it is not widely adopted. The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of a second-generation DECT with tin or stannum (Sn) filter for characterising the kidney stones composition. Methods: Thirty-three kidney stones were scanned ex vivo using a dual-source (DS)DECT scanner with dual-energy (DE) mode of 80/140 kVp with and without 4 mm Sn filtration. DE ratio was calculated to determine the kidney stones composition (uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and cystine). The median DE ratio of the stones was compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test and the results were further correlated with semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis using Kendall’s Tau test with P < 0.05 deemed to be statistically significant. Results: Second-generation DS-DECT could significantly discriminate the stones composition with and without Sn filtration (P < 0.001). The median DE ratio of uric acid, calcium oxalate and cystine stones were significantly higher with Sn filtration than those without filtration (P < 0.05). DECT results revealed significant correlation with FTIR spectroscopy analysis (r = 0.716, P < 0.001). DECT with Sn filtration showed increased performance (100% sensitivity, 0% specificity) than those without filtration (48.5% sensitivity, 0% specificity) in the detection of the kidney stone subtypes. Conclusion: In the second-generation DECT with additional Sn filtration, DECT has shown a significant performance in characterising and discriminating the kidney stone composition. This may improve diagnostic and therapy management in kidney stones cases.

Quantitative Composition of Kidney Stones

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid H Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Phosphate Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition

Abstract The kidney stone season for the Pensacola, Fla., area is shown to extend from May through November. No differences in composition of stones in and out of season could be found. Classification of the calculi into five groups delineates the calcium oxalate and phosphate group as the typical stone. Calcium oxalate is more prominent than calcium phosphate, especially in sizes less than 10 mg.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes Strain HC-1

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Hatch ◽  
Milton J. Allison ◽  
Fahong Yu ◽  
William Farmerie
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Human Strain ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The lack of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the human gut has been correlated with the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones and also with the number of recurrent kidney stone episodes. Here, we present the genome sequence of HC-1, a human strain isolated from an individual residing in Iowa, USA.

scholarly journals A study on the bacteriological profile of urinary tract infection in adults and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency A. T. ◽  
Priyanka R. ◽  
Ponnu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. The etiology of UTI and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern varies with the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents; UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents.Methods: A descriptive study done during January-June 2013. All positive urine culture and sensitivity reports of males and females aged 20-70years were included. A total of 373 positive urine culture cases were taken from the culture and sensitivity register from Microbiology department and details were entered using a questionnaire.Results: Out of 373 adults, males were 137 (36.7%) and females were 236 (63.3%). E. coli (74.3 %) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella (15.8%), Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. The incidence of UTI was more in patients in the age group of 60-70years. E. coli and Klebsiella were sensitive to Amikacin (97.1%), Nitrofurantoin (90.7%), Gentamycin and Imipenem. Both organisms were resistant to Ampicillin (>90%).Conclusions: In this study, females were mostly affected and the most common organisms were E.Coli and Klebsiella. These organisms were most sensitive to Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin and resistant predominantly to Ampicillin. The sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens to common antimicrobial agents must be taken into account when selecting treatment plans for UTI.

scholarly journals P0175DETERMINANTS OF RENAL PAPILLARY APPEARANCE IN RENAL STONE FORMERS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Rossella De Leonardis ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by high prevalence among the general population both in Europe and in the U.S. and it is responsible for high costs reaching up to $10 billion per year. It is associated with specific comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones development is believed to start either from Randall’s plaques or from stone plugs. Both these lesions can be seen on renal papillary surfaces, but what promotes the formation of plaques and plugs is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the urinary metabolic milieu and a published endoscopic papillary evaluation score (PPLA). We also evaluated the correlation of PPLA score with kidney stone recurrence during follow-up. Method We prospectively enrolled 31 stone forming patients who undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures. Visual inspection of the accessible renal papillae was performed in order to calculate the PPLA score based on the appearance of ductal plugging, surface pitting, loss of papillary contour and Randall’s plaque extension. Demographic information, blood samples, 24h urine collections and kidney stone events during follow-up were collected. Stone composition was analyzed using infrared-spectroscopy. Relative urinary supersaturations (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaPi) and uric acid (UA) were calculated using the Equil2 software. PPLA score &gt; 3 was defined as high. Results Median follow-up period was 11 (min/max 5, 34) months. PPLA score was inversely correlated with BMI (rho = −0.39, p = 0.035) and history of recurrent kidney stones (median PPLA 5.0 vs 2.5, p = 0.029), these results were confirmed when PPLA was considered as a categorical variable (median BMI 27 vs 24, recurrent stone disease 12 vs 62%, p= 0.006). Furthermore, high PPLA score was associated with lower odds of new kidney stone events during follow-up (OR 0.154, 95% confidence interval 0.024, 0.998, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PPLA score, stone composition, blood parameters, 24h urine solute excretions and RSS for CaOx, CaPi and UA. Conclusion Different papillary abnormalities seem to be linked to specific mechanisms of stone formation. Although data regarding PPLA score are inconsistent, it may be a valid asset for both medical and surgical management of nephrolithiasis. Larger, long-term prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to assess the validity of PPLA score system in evaluating risk of stone recurrence.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among adults in central part of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Arun Sedhain ◽  
Abja Sapkota ◽  
Bidhan Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterized by pathological invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Majorities of organisms causing UTI are gram negative bacteria, most common of which is E. coli. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to isolate the organism and to identify the susceptible drug of choice for appropriate treatment. This hospital-based study was carried out to analyze the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms causing UTI. Methods: A retrospective study was done to analyze the results of urine culture and sensitivity test done at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two and half years. Standard guideline and protocol were used to collect the urine sample and to perform the test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Result: Out of 12, 925 urine samples submitted for culture and sensitivity test during the study period, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 3, 173 (24.54%) samples, which was significantly higher among females (28%) than the males (17%). The most common organism isolated on the culture was E. coli (68.5%) followed by Klebsiella (18.4%). Sensitivity of the uropathogens was seen highest with colistin (79.2%) followed by teicoplanin (64.58%), Aztreonam (63.25%) and Ni­trofurantoin (61.16%). Most common antibiotics that showed resistance to the microorganisms in this study were Ampicillin (60.93%), Cotrimoxazole (53.72%), Cefixime (40.57%) and Levofloxacin (32.93%). Conclusions: This study has found a usual pattern of UTI with higher prevalence among females and E. coli being the most common organism. Nitrofurantoin has been found to have a good sus­ceptibility for the treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals Recent Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia Coli in Urinary Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Bari ◽  
Mashiur Arefin ◽  
Moriom Nessa ◽  
Golam Mostofa ◽  
Tafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Culture Positive

The objective of the study is to assess the recent sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. As the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms are frequently changing, this retrospective analysis was designed to assess the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urinary tract infection among the human population. Details of 358 urine culture positive reports for E. coli and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern pertaining to the study period of 6 months from Jan 2017 to June 2017 were collected from Microbiology Laboratory of Diagnostic Centers at Rajshahi and the results were statistically analyzed. The antibiotics tested for sensitivity were amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefixime. The sensitivity pattern of E.coli to antibiotics in UTI was amikacin (82.68 gentamycin (75.97%), nitrofurantoin (70.67), levofloxacin (44.13%), ceftazidime (42.17%), co-trimoxazole (40.78%), ceftriaxone (38.54%), ciprofloxacin (35.75%), and cefixime (24.02%). The study highlighted the marked resistance of E. coli to quinolones and third generation cephalosporins.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 61-65

“Evaluation of Urosepsis and Bacteriuria in Patients Undergoing PCNL and URS”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 5584-5590
Author(s):  
Bivash Boran Biswas ◽  
Mousumi Malakar ◽  
Sazzad Bin Shahid ◽  
Sayem Hossain ◽  
Khan Nazrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Urosepsis usually develops from a community or nosocomial acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) or during the procedure of various urinary disease such ureterorenoscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Urosepsis is associated with bacteriuria, Urosepsis due to manipulation during or after percuteneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or ureterorenoscopy (URS) or push bang stenting can be catastrophic despite prophylactie antibiotic coverage. This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July 2011 to June 2013. Sampling technique was purposive and sample size was 70. Among them 23 patients for PCNL and 47 patients for URS were selected by selection criteria. Data were collected by interview of the patients, clinical examinations and laboratory investigations using the research instrument. Data were processed and analyzed using software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. Incidence of bacteriuria and urosepsis were measured according to urine and blood culture report. Sensitivity pattern was also observed. According to this study, the incidence of bacteriuria and urosepsis were 17.1% and 5.7% respectively, Of the 70 patients, 12(17.1%) exhibited bacterial growth on urine culture, These 12 patients were then subjected to blood culture and 4(33.3%) of them were found positive. Most (83.4%) of the urine and blood infections (75%) were caused by E. coli. Some widely used antibiotics like moxicillin, Cephalexin and Ciprofloxacin were found 100% resistant in urine culture. Few sensitive antibiotics were Tobramycin (100 %), Amikacin and Ceftazidime (75%). Almost same sensitivity pattern was found in blood culture. In urosepsis, as in other types of sepsis. Urosepsis after PCNL and URS is an important and potentially catastrophic complication. Percuteneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Ureterorenoscopy (URS) occurs frequently in this institution. Although the incidence of urosepsis and bacteriuria with resistant organism is low, but it is a burning issue in management in urology practice. The apparent increase in ciprofloxacin resistant organisms appears to be associated with the increased rate of ciprofloxacin resistant organisms are observed in the general population.

MO119COMPUTER-DERIVED SOFTWARE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: RESULTS FROM A SHORT-TERM FOLLOW-UP ACCORDING TO KIDNEY STONE COMPOSITION IN KIDNEY STONE FORMERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Cunha ◽  
Adrian Rodriguez ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Urinary supersaturation (SS) contributes to stone formation, and its assessment in stone formers may be helpful in clinical practice. Several computer programs are available for SS calculation, including EQUIL2, JESS and Lithorisk1. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in SS in 24-hour urine in patients with known stone composition before and after about three months of regular treatment. Method Patients who submitted their stone/s for composition analysis and had provided an adequate 24-hour urine collection (creatinine 15-20 mg/kg/24-hour) before and around 90 days under regular treatment were included. Stone composition was defined using morphoconstitutional and infrared spectroscopy. The treatment was initiated in accordance with specific guidelines, and included dietary advices and medications2. SS for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP) and uric acid (UA) using EQUIL2, JESS and Lithorisk were calculated at baseline and after about 90 days on treatment. Continuous variables were reported as means (SD) while categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. Baseline and follow-up SS urine values were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 3D graphs were plotted using mean SS values of CaOx, CaP and UA obtained from each program before and after treatment, dividing the stones into 4 groups1: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid (UA). Ethical Committee approval was obtained. Results 105 patients (61 men, 58%) were followed and provided 24h urine collection. Of these, 101 (96%) were recurrent patients. The mean (SD) follow-up was 94 (14) days. 48 (46%) of all calculi were made of CaOx, either COM or COD, 36 (34%) of UA, and 21 (20%) of CaP. A significant reduction in SS values during treatment was observed in patients with COM (p&lt;0.05) , COD (p&lt;0.001), and UA stones (p&lt;0.001) with all programs. The reduction in SS values over time in patients with CaP stones was not significant (Table 1). Figure 1 shows 3D plots with SS before and after treatment into 4 groups of stone formers. Conclusion EQUIL2, JESS and Lithorisk are suitable software currently used for clinical and research purposes. SS values calculated by EQUIL2, JESS and Lithorisk during follow-up showed a significant reduction among COM, COD and UA stone formers. CaP stone formers did not show significant changes in SS over time.

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