scholarly journals Heraclitus and Hippocrates: the Paradigm of the Elements

Problemos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Jonas Čiurlionis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

The article analyses the remaining fragments and testimonies of Heraclitean philosophy and their connection with Hippocratic medicine. It is claimed that both schools belong to the same philosophical-scientific paradigm of the elements. Therefore, theoretical insights of the school of Cos might well serve explaining complicated and often difficult to interpret Heraclitean thoughts. Moreover, it is plausible that parts of Corpus Hippocraticum were written under the influence of the Heraclitean philosophy and therefore its analysis and interpretative application allows us to partially reconstruct the fragmented Heraclitean ideas into the single unified system. The article uses comparative analysis of both thinking traditions in regard to psychological, ethical, physiological, cosmological, and medical ideas. Similarities in explaining human nature are revealed. It is shown that science (medicine) and philosophy in Antiquity use the same paradigmatic utterances to describe reality. Therefore, there are many mutual interconnecting principles between early philosophy and medicine.

scholarly journals ENGLISH: Illuminating Human Psyche: A Comparative Analysis of Similarities in Ghazalian Theory of Soul and Freudian Psychoanalysis

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Dr. Shumaila Mazhar ◽  
Dr. Ayesha Sanober ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Western World ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Human Psyche

There have been several theories in the Western world, highlighting various features of human mind, but none of them seems to present the whole truth. The richness and diverse outlook of human experience makes it imperative to look for a model, which contributes in better and all-encompassing understanding of human nature. The present study intends to provide the venue to the spiritual insights of Ghazalian thought to be incorporated into the study of Freudian psychoanalysis, with its central focus on the similarities between them. Besides the current study proceeds from the assumption that though Freudian psychonalytic theory has provided insightful psychological interpretations, equally appropriate readings result from analyzing Ghazalian theory of soul. This study follows the descriptive and analytic methodology to investigate the similarities in both the models and has been developed according to the guidelines provided by Zepetnek’s (1998) theory of comparative literature. This analytical approach may lead to an alternative critical agenda for the better understanding of human psyche. In addition, it is also hoped that the insights yielded by this research study may develop into new forms of understanding in the realm of psychology.

scholarly journals The feminine image of Russia in the religious and philosophical writings by Russian thinkers at the turn of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Arcady G. Sadovnikov ◽  
Alina E. Korzheva ◽  
Farrukh Begidjon Khudoidodzoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
The Universe

The article looks at the versions of the feminine image of Russia in the religious and philosophical reflections of the Russian thinkers who worked during the Silver Age (the period of Russian culture covering approximately 1890–1917): Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Berdyaev, and Sergei Bulgakov. Special attention is paid to the balance between the male and female principles, which are endowed with certain characteristics in different works by Russian thinkers, not only from the perspective of human nature but also in terms of the nature of Russian culture and mentality, as well as the cosmic nature of the universe. Analysis of the religious and philosophical pursuit of the Silver Age relating to the feminine image of Russia allows the authors to specify the ideas of the characteristics of femininity engrained in the Russian culture and clarify the role of this pursuit in the development of the reflexive Russian thought directed towards becoming aware of these characteristics. The belief about the salvatory mission carried out by the feminine aspect of the human and cosmic nature distinctively identified in the religious and philosophical writings by the Russian thinkers belonging to the Siver Age requires further study. The research has been conducted within the framework of the symbolic direction of cultural studies with the help of comparative analysis, the method of theoretical reconstruction, and problematic-logical, functional, and systemic approaches. These methods allowed the authors to specify the problematic field of the research and define the main concepts to examine the statements about the feminine aspect of Russian culture by different authors as a unified system of forms aimed at the comprehension of the value and symbolic foundation of the national ethnic culture.

scholarly journals Human Mind and its Psychological Disposition:

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (- 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Akber ◽  
Shumaila Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Psychological Disposition

The current paper aims to provide the venue to the spiritual insights of Ghazalian thought to be integrated into the study of Freudian psychoanalysis. The study has adopted descriptive and analytical approach to make a comparative analysis of Ghazalian concept of nafs e lawwamma and Freudian superego.  Zepetnek’s (1998) theory of comparative literature has provided the guidelines for an in depth analysis of both the models.  This analytical approach may lead to an alternative critical agenda for the better understanding of human psyche. Moreover, the present study emanates from the assumption that though Freudian psychoanalytic theory has provided insightful psychological considerations, equally appropriate readings will possibly result from analyzing Ghazalian theory of soul. Simultaneously, it is also hoped that the insights yielded by this research study may open new panoramas for the study of human nature.

scholarly journals Medications and their use in the Graeco-Roman era

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
François Retief ◽  
Louise Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine ◽  
Positive Results

As from the 6th century BC Graeco-Roman medical therapy comprised three components, viz. diet and healthy lifestyle (regimen), surgery and medicaments (pharmacotherapy), of which the latter was the oldest. Although the Corpus Hippocraticum (5th century BC), with minor Egyptian influence, contained no text of medicines as such, and seemed to prefer regimen to medicaments, it nevertheless laid the foundation for the empirical use of pharmacotherapy (free of superstition and magic) for the next millennium. The first Greek herbal was produced by Diocles in the 4th century BC, when the botanist Theophrastus also wrote his classic works on plants which contained a significant contribution on herbal medicines. The Alexandrian Medical School systematized and expanded Hippocratic medicine, and Herophilus introduced compound preparations. The concept that medicaments cure illness by restoring the bodily balance of humours and primary properties was largely perpetuated, but new views on physiology were gradually emerging. Unfortunately the bulk of original contributions from Hellenistic doctors are lost to posterity and only known to us through the writings of for example Celsus and Galen in Roman times. The interesting history of theriac, the so-called universal antidote, is reviewed. In the 1st century Dioscorides produced his Materia Medica which remained an authoritative pharmacopoeia up to modern times. Galen’s empiric views on pharmacotherapy (2nd century), still largely based on Hippocrates, became dogma in Medieval times, but mysticism and superstition gradually swept back into medicine. Retrospectively it is clear that with the exception of certain analgesics and narcotics like opium, Graeco-Roman medicaments were pharmacologically inert (even toxic) and obtained positive results largely through a placebo effect.

scholarly journals The Hippocratic account of Mental Health: Humors and Human Temperament

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Tsagkaris ◽  
Konstantinos Kalachanis
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Humoral Theory ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

Introduction: A quintessential element of Hippocratic medicine is treatment of mental diseases which was based on a detailed examination of the symptoms as well as the study of human physiology and final outcome of the diseases which is based on humoral theory. Purpose: The aim of the work is to highlight the contribution of Hippocrates to the study of mental illness based on his theory of humors Methodology: Our study consists of interpretations of the original text of Hippocrates including extensive observations of anatomy and physiology of human body based on humoral theory. Then the information was evaluated  on the basis of modern literature in order to establish their validity. A major limitation of the research is the  lack of a systemic methodology to screen the Hippocratic corpus for relevant passages which actually requires interdisciplinary research in order to determine which aspects of Hippocratic medicine can be developed. Results: In Corpus Hippocraticum, it is highlighting that maintaining a relative proportion of humors in human body (apart from maintaining health) regulates the human temperament and its behavioral manifestations. Hippocrates, has included in his work observations not only on human physiology and diseases but also studies the environmental and geographical impact   on them, thus setting the stage for holistic approaches Conclusion: Summarizing, Hippocratic medicine and particularly his observations on mental disorders  provides a clear picture of the methodology used by Hippocrates which can be a guide for the adoption of good practices for contemporary scholars and clinicians on their everyday practice

‘The strange brotherhood of the blue ship’: Albert Camus and Justin Sullivan’s philosophy of measure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Roś
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Ethical Thinking

In their texts, Albert Camus and Justin Sullivan describe how rebels who get carried away with their revolutionary zeal lose touch with the original basis of their rebellion. They emphasize that a failure to achieve measure results in excess and disproportion, destroying the fields of tension upon which human existence and rebellion depend. Through their spirit of moderation and their critique of the hubristic narratives of European modernity and postmodernity, they offer a constructive view of human nature, a positive vision of dialogical life in communion and the alternative utopian energy needed to reinvent a human sociopolitical order. This article presents a comparative analysis of Albert Camus’s philosophy and the ethos contained in Justin Sullivan’s lyrics. In doing so, it suggests that these two writers embrace a coherent tradition of ethical thinking informed by anarchist philosophy.

The words of conjecture. Semiotics and epistemology in ancient medicine and rhetoric

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Piazza ◽  
Francesca Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Ancient Greek Medicine

This article considers the epistemology of Classical rhetoric and Hippocratic medicine, focusing on two key terms: semeion and tekmerion. Through an analysis of the specific case of ancient Greek medicine and rhetoric, we hope to bring out the conjectural and fallible nature of human knowledge. The paper focuses on the epistemological and methodological affinity between these two ancient technai, and considers the medical uses of semeion and tekmerion in the light of their meaning in the rhetorical sphere. Chronologically, the analysis follows an inverse pathway: it starts from Aristotle and from Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, and then moves on to Antiphon’s texts (chosen as an exemplary case) and ends with the Corpus Hippocraticum.

scholarly journals Humanistic Psychology and Christian Thought: A Comparative Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen J. Dodgen ◽  
Mark R. Mcminn
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between psychological humanism and Christian thought is explored and critically evaluated. Three tenets of humanistic psychology are considered from a Christian perspective. Areas of compatibility include emphases on human experience, social justice, personal responsibility, and dignity of humankind. Areas with less compatibility include different assumptions about supematuralism, and a qualified view of the goodness of human nature from a Christian perspective.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Biogas and Selected Methods of its Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Zamorska-Wojdyła ◽  
Kazimierz Gaj ◽  
Anna Hołtra ◽  
Magdalena Sitarska
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Ecological Aspects

Quality Evaluation of Biogas and Selected Methods of its Analysis There were presented technological and ecological aspects of biogas quality evaluation and introduced an overview of the limits of its selected parameters. There were characterized analytical methods for determining the basic composition of biogas, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, condensation, dust, oils, siloxanes, and aggregated content of sulfur, chlorine and fluorine. The result of comparative analysis and literature studies are proposes of the most adequate to the studies of biogas - analytical methodologies.

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