Man up : muscular Christianity and the making of 20th-century American religion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hunter M. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
American Religion ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muscular Christianity ◽  
Student Newspapers ◽  
Religious Colleges

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] "Man Up: Muscular Christianity and the Making of 20th-Century American Religion," examines the history of muscular Christianity in 20th-century America. Specifically, I analyze how liberal Protestants, Catholics, Mormons, fundamentalists, and evangelicals used muscular Christianity to navigate the cultural waters from religious outsiders into the mainstream. My project began by asking why millions of Americans hear sermons filled with sports analogies, attend Bible studies that follow a basketball game, and read books written by NFL quarterbacks? I discovered that over the course of the 20th century religious institutions, particularly religious colleges, used muscular Christianity to attract, convert, and retain men. By using student newspapers from Notre Dame, BYU and Wheaton College as a primary source base, my research provides a grassroots perspective on how the laity lived this religious message preached by religious authorities. I conclude that these communities used muscular Christianity to solidify their distinct religious identities and dissolve barriers with outsiders. Though its iterations shift over time and within each religious community, the blend of masculinity, sports, heroic-savagery, and homosocial community remained the remedy for the next generation to man up. My project expands the interpretation of 20th-century American history in three ways. First, I illustrate that muscular Christianity is one of the primary shapers of 20th-century American religion. Second my research explicates the larger cultural trends of therapeutic and consumer culture on American religion. Finally, my project helps fill the void in the history of religion and sports.

scholarly journals History of Psychology

Psychology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Devonis ◽  
Wade Pickren
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Standard Textbook ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

At its inception as a specialty within psychology in the first decades of the 20th century, the history of psychology was usually conceived as an extension of the history of philosophy, with perhaps some special attention given to the development of modern science. Within the last thirty years, the history of psychology has come of age and has become as diverse as its sprawling subject: historical studies have proliferated as psychologists’ activities have expanded and diversified. Alongside the original purpose of delineating the evolution of psychology from the historical roots of science, philosophy, medicine, and other intellectual traditions, recent histories of psychology have been very concerned with describing and explaining the social, organizational, and political context of psychological events and theories. Thus, the scholar of the history of any area of psychology would do well to become acquainted with other specialized literature not only of the specific area of psychology in which the historical events take place, but also of the political, social, and economic systems which condition them. Those with an interest in the history of any area of psychology which is not represented in any part of this necessarily selective article should adopt the attitude of confident pioneering which characterizes the leading historical scholarship in psychology today, school themselves in some basic techniques of historical investigation, and contribute to the further deepening and elaboration of our rich historical record. The timeframe of this article is the period from 1900 onward, mainly in the United States and Western Europe. This article contains a brief orientation and a section on the history of psychology as represented in Textbooks, classic and modern. There are also several sections expanding on the range of essential reference resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Bibliographies; Compendia and Readers, along with collections of primary-source excerpts; Journals and blogs; Illustrations, Artifacts, and Archives; Timelines and Rankings of Eminence; Biography and Autobiography; and background about major Professional Organizations connected to the history of psychology. The philosophical context is represented by sections containing critiques of standard textbook history, sections that contextualize psychology’s history within the philosophy of science (see History and Philosophy of Science), a section on disciplinary taxonomy organized around the question of the Unity vs. Diversity of Psychology, and a section on several “crises” in 20th-century psychology. There is a selection of works surveying the transformation of psychology from science to applied technology (see the Transition from Science to Technology, 1880–1970). Histories of Subfields—theoretical and applied, with a special section on clinical psychology—are included, along with sections detailing the history of psychology in the contexts of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture as well as Gender. Finally, the section on Future Directions includes a selection of works pointing toward areas of potential future development in the field.

scholarly journals Reading the rebate: information at the edges of 20th century photographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Locrin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Physical Character ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
Post War

Using the photography collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) as a primary source, this thesis explores the use of photographic rebate as found in the work of seven major twentieth century photographic artists working between 1920 and 1980. Investigating the use of rebate as both a manifestation of technology, and as an expressive tool employed by post-war photographers, this paper looks at the physical character of rebate in silver-gelatin prints and its role in augmenting the photographic image. This research elucidates the collection at MFAH, the history of photographic printing in the 20th century and provides a guide to future researchers about how rebate can be used to glean technical data and artistic intent.

scholarly journals „Kronika Podhorecka” jako źródło do badań nad dziejami zamku w Podhorcach w drugiej połowie XIX wieku na początku XX wieku

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 151-186
Author(s):  
Iwanna Papa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

“Kronika Podhorecka” as a Primary Source for the History of the Pidhirtsi Castle in the Second half of the 19th Century and at the Beginning of the 20th Century „Kronika Podhorecka” has been preserved in two versions: the first working version was written by A. Kryczynski (1869-1887) and the second one was completed by the next castle administrators (1869-1906). This article aims to analyze this primary source of the history of the Pidhirtsi castle and its owners: the time of its composition, its goal, the role of castle administrators in the history of Pidhirtsi castle. The article contains an edition of “Kronika Podhorecka”, reconstructed on the basis of the archival source.

scholarly journals Reading the rebate: information at the edges of 20th century photographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Locrin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Physical Character ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
Post War

Using the photography collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) as a primary source, this thesis explores the use of photographic rebate as found in the work of seven major twentieth century photographic artists working between 1920 and 1980. Investigating the use of rebate as both a manifestation of technology, and as an expressive tool employed by post-war photographers, this paper looks at the physical character of rebate in silver-gelatin prints and its role in augmenting the photographic image. This research elucidates the collection at MFAH, the history of photographic printing in the 20th century and provides a guide to future researchers about how rebate can be used to glean technical data and artistic intent.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

Queering Musical Biography in the Writings of Edward Prime-Stevenson and Rosa Newmarch

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Franseen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Benjamin Britten ◽  
Twentieth Century Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
Biographical Knowledge

Beginning with the “open secret” of Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears's relationship and continuing through debates over Handel's and Schubert's sexuality and analyses of Ethel Smyth's memoirs, biography has played a central role in the development of queer musicology. At the same time, life-writing's focus on extramusical details and engagement with difficult-to-substantiate anecdotes and rumors often seem suspect to scholars. In the case of early-twentieth-century music research, however, these very gaps and ambiguities paradoxically offered some authors and readers at the time rare spaces for approaching questions of sexuality in music. Issues of subjectivity in instrumental music aligned well with rumors about autobiographical confession within Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 (Pathétique) for those who knew how to listen and read between the lines. This article considers the different ways in which the framing of biographical anecdotes and gossip in scholarship by music critic-turned-amateur sexologist Edward Prime-Stevenson and Tchaikovsky scholar Rosa Newmarch allowed for queer readings of symphonic music. It evaluates Prime-Stevenson's discussions of musical biography and interpretation in The Intersexes (1908/9) and Newmarch's Tchaikovsky: His Life and Works (1900), translation of Modest Tchaikovsky's biography, and article on the composer in Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians to explore how they addressed potentially taboo topics, engaged with formal and informal sources of biographical knowledge (including one another's work), and found their scholarly voices in the absence of academic frameworks for addressing gender and sexuality. While their overt goals were quite different—Newmarch sought to dismiss “sensationalist” rumors about Tchaikovsky's death for a broad readership, while Prime-Stevenson used queer musical gossip as a primary source in his self-published history of homosexuality—both grappled with questions of what can and cannot be read into a composer's life and works and how to relate to possible queer meanings in symphonic music. The very aspects of biography that place it in a precarious position as scholarship ultimately reveal a great deal about the history of musicology and those who write it.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Magda Ritoókné Ádám ◽  
Olivér Nagybányai Nagy ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
Attila Keresztes
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

VárinéSzilágyiIbolya: Építészprofilok, akik a 70-es, 80-as években indultak(Ritoókné Ádám Magda)      407RacsmányMihály(szerk.): Afejlődés zavarai és vizsgálómódszerei(Nagybányai Nagy Olivér)     409Új irányzatok és a bejárt út a pszichológiatörténet-írásban (Mandler, G.: Interesting times. An encounter with the 20th century; Hergenhahn, B. N.: An introduction to the history of psychology; Schultz, D. P.,Schultz, S. E.: A history of modern psychology; Greenwood, J. D.: The disappearance of the social in American social psychology;Bem, S.,LoorendeJong, H.: Theoretical issues in psychology. An introduction; Sternberg, R. J. (ed.)Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?;Dalton, D. C.,Evans, R. B. (eds): __

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