Exotic Citrus Diseases: Early Detection is the Solution to Protecting Florida Citrus

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie D. Burrow (Yates) ◽  
Megan M. Dewdney ◽  
Ronald H. Brlansky
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Citrus Diseases ◽  
Citrus Leprosis ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Pdf Format ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting

CH202, a 2-page illustrated trifold brochure by J.D. Burrow, M.M. Dewdney, and R.H. Brlansky, is best viewed in PDF format. It provides key information about citrus blackspot, sweet orange scab, citrus leprosis virus, citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), and citrus tristeza virus (CTV) stem pitting. Includes contact information for UF/IFAS Extension citrus experts. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, November 2008. CH202/CH202: Exotic Citrus Diseases: Early Detection is the Solution to Protecting Florida Citrus (ufl.edu)

Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Tristeza Virus–Stem Pitting (CTV-SP)

EDIS ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Levy ◽  
Ozgur Batuman ◽  
Peggy Sieburth ◽  
Ajia Paolillo ◽  
Kuang-Ren Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Citrus Diseases ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

This document is one in a series designed to provide important information on the causal agent, symptoms, and transmission of exotic citrus diseases. This information can be used as an educational tool to raise awareness about these diseases and for scouting and identification efforts. Disseminating information about the diseases to the citrus industry may prevent their introduction and spread in Florida. This document will focus on the exotic viral disease caused by isolates of citrus tristeza virus–stem pitting (CTV-SP). Original version: Chung, Kuang-Ren, and Ronald Brlansky. 2006. “Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Tristeza Virus– Stem Pitting (CTV-SP)”. EDIS 2006 (7). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp149-2006.

scholarly journals Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Tristeza Virus– Stem Pitting (CTV-SP)

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Ren Chung ◽  
Ronald H. Brlansky
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Citrus Diseases ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus is susceptible to a large number of diseases caused by plant pathogens. Economic losses due to plant diseases can be severe, but fortunately, not all pathogens attacking citrus are present in Florida. Major citrus diseases currently present in Florida include: Alternaria brown spot, blight, citrus canker, greasy spot, melanose, Phytophthora-induced diseases (foot and root rot, brown rot), postbloom fruit drop (PFD), scab, and tristeza. An exotic, destructive disease called citrus greening (Huanglongbing) has recently been found in Florida. Any exotic diseases, if introduced, will increase production costs and decrease profitability for Florida growers. Exotic diseases affect the viability of the industry or the varieties that could be profitably grown. Background information for each exotic citrus disease will be presented in a series of fact sheets to: 1) provide a basis for evaluating exotic pathogens that may pose potential risks to Florida citrus; and 2) create a decision-making framework to prevent their introduction and spread. This paper will discuss Citrus tristeza virus-Stem Pitting (CTV-SP) disease. This article is written based on the materials used for the Workshops of the Exotic Citrus Pathogen Threat Project led by Drs. S. M. Garnsey and H. W. Browning, and approved for publication.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Florida Citrus Nurseries and Scion Groves

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Robert R. Pelosi ◽  
Phyllis A. Rundell
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

None of 4190 sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] nursery trees of `Hamlin', `Midsweet', `Navel', and `Valencia' sampled from five Florida citrus nurseries were infected with a decline-inducing isolate of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) as judged by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using isolate-specific monoclonal antibodies. Two of the nurseries had a relatively high level of infection (37% to 100% of composite samples containing tissue from 10 trees) with nondecline-inducing (mild) isolates of CTV, depending on the cultivar. Three of the nurseries had a lower incidence of mild CTV (0% to 22% of 10 tree composite samples). No nursery was CTV-free. ELISA of individual trees used as budwood sources by the nurseries revealed that one tree out of 260 tested contained decline-inducing CTV, and 83 contained mild CTV. These results suggest that the budwood certification program adopted in 1997 has virtually eliminated decline-inducing CTV from commercial budwood supplies.

scholarly journals Stability of Citrus tristeza virus protective isolates in field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tenório Costa ◽  
William Mário de Carvalho Nunes ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Zanutto ◽  
Gerd Walter Müller
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
The North ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

The objective of this work was to monitor the maintenance of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) protective isolates stability in selected clones of 'Pêra' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), preimmunized or naturally infected by the virus, after successive clonal propagations. The work was carried out in field conditions in the north of Paraná State, Brazil. Coat protein gene (CPG) analysis of 33 isolates collected from 16 clones of 'Pêra' sweet orange was performed using single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Initially, the isolates were characterized by symptoms of stem pitting observed in clones. Then viral genome was extracted and used as template for the amplification of CPG by reverse transcription polimerase chain reaction (RTPCR). RTPCR products electrophoretic profiles were analyzed using the Jaccard coefficient and the UPGMA method. The majority of the clones had weak to moderate stem pitting symptoms and its CTV isolates showed alterations in the SSCP profiles. However, the stability of the protective complex has been maintained, except for isolates from two analised clones. Low genetic variability was observed within the isolates during the studied years.

Citrus tristeza virus (citrus tristeza).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Cambra
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Abstract CTV is the most economically important virus pathogen of citrus worldwide. About 100 million citrus trees on sour orange have been killed by CTV decline epidemics in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Florida and California (USA), Israel, Spain, and other locations. With current estimates of approximately 45 million trees on sour orange killed by CTV in Spain (Cambra et al., 2000a; Vidal et al., 2012) from 1935 to date without T. citricida implication. It is estimated that worldwide, mainly in the Mediterranean basin citrus industries, there are over 200 million trees on sour orange rootstock which are at risk to this disease. Sour orange is popular because it produces a vigorous tree with high quality fruit, is adaptable to many soil conditions including high lime and salt content, and has tolerance to many other viruses, viroids and virus-like pathogens, and to Phytophthora. The use of tristeza-tolerant rootstocks often risks losses from other factors. In addition to decline, many severe CTV isolates cause stem pitting diseases of susceptible scion cultivars and these occur even when tolerant rootstocks are used. Stem pitting weakens trees and eventually reduces fruit size, quality and quantity (Marais et al., 1996). Grapefruit and lime are very sensitive to stem pitting. Sweet orange is more tolerant but can be severely affected by some isolates. Mandarin is the most tolerant among the main citrus cultivars against SP isolates.

scholarly journals Serological Differentiation of the Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates Causing Stem Pitting in Sweet Orange

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Nikolaeva ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev ◽  
Stephen M. Garnsey ◽  
Richard F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Format ◽  
Strong Positive Signal ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Polyclonal Serum ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) complex comprises a number of isolates or strains producing several economically important disease syndromes in commercial Citrus spp. The stem pitting syndrome is the most important, and causes substantial losses in many citrus-producing regions of the world. In an attempt to develop a serological tool to rapidly differentiate stem pitting isolates of CTV, we evaluated many combinations of trapping and detecting antibodies in an indirect double-antibody sandwich (I-DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two combinations of trapping and detecting antibodies were found suitable for differentiating stem pitting isolates in extracts of infected sweet orange plants. One used a polyclonal serum raised against bacterially expressed CTV coat protein (CP) for trapping and a conformational monoclonal antibody 3E10 for detection, and the other used two polyclonal antisera generated against bacterially expressed CTV CP. Seventy-six CTV isolates from 20 countries, including 35 that cause stem pitting in sweet orange plants, were analyzed in I-DAS-ELISA using different combinations of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for trapping and as intermediate detecting antibodies. The ELISA format developed produces a strong positive signal for CTV isolates that cause stem pitting in sweet orange plants and a negative ELISA signal for CTV isolates that do not cause stem pitting. When combined with data on a universal ELISA format, i.e., reacting with a broad range of CTV isolates, these selective ELISA formats allowed reliable serological differentiation of CTV isolates that caused stem pitting in infected sweet orange plants.

scholarly journals Histology of Sweet Orange Stem Pitting Caused by an Australian Isolate of Citrus tristeza virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brlansky ◽  
D. S. Howd ◽  
P. Broadbent ◽  
V. D. Damsteegt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Australian Isolate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Some strains of the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) cause stem pitting in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). This abnormality causes tree decline and reduction in fruit size and yield of affected citrus trees. Stem-pitting symptoms can occur on trunks, on all sizes of limbs, and on the twigs where fruit are produced. Variously sized pits or grooves in the wood often contain a yellow gum. Irregular growth of the phloem occurs in the area of these xylem pits. The histology of stem pitting caused by an Australian CTV isolate was studied in sweet orange using light and electron microscopy. Using scanning electron microscopy, details of the wood pits containing the gumming material were revealed. In thin sections of bark tissue, outgrowths of the phloem tissue were found at various intervals that corresponded to the pits in the wood. Higher numbers of viral inclusions were detected in the phloem outgrowths than were present in the other sieve elements.

Production of Antibodies to Citrus Tristeza Virus in Transgenic Citrus

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lee ◽  
Moshe Bar-Joseph ◽  
K.S. Derrick ◽  
Aliza Vardi ◽  
Roland Brlansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Single Domain Antibodies ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most important virus disease of citrus in the world. CTV causes death of trees on sour orange rootstock and/or stem pitting of scions regardless of rootstock which results in trees of low vigor, reduced yield with reduction in size and quality of fruit. The purpose of this project was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MABs) to CTV coat protein (CP), develop single domain antibodies (dAbs) or Fab fragments which neutralize the infection by binding to the virus, and to produce transformed plants which express the dAbs. The objectives of this research have been met and putative transgenic tobacco and citrus plants have been developed. These putative transgenic plants are presently undergoing evaluation to determine the level of dAbs expression and to determine their resistance to CTV. Additionally, the CTV genome has been sequenced and the CP gene of several biologically characterized CTV strains molecular characterized. This has indicated a correlation between CP sequence homology and biological activity, and the finding of DI RNAs associated with some CTV strains. Several MABs have been produced which enable broad spectrum identification of CTV strains while other MABs enable differentiation between mild and severe strains. The use of selected MAbs and determination of the CP gene sequence has enabled predictions of biological activities of unknown CTV isolates. The epitopes of two MABs, one reacting selectively with severe CTV strains and the other reacting with all strains, have been characterized at the molecular level.

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