Citrus Leaf Sampling Procedures for Nutrient Analysis

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Vashisth ◽  
Jamie D Burrow ◽  
Davie Kadyampakeni ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Optimal Tree ◽  
Sampling Procedures

To maintain balanced nutrients for optimal tree growth, citrus growers need to assess trees’ nutritional requirements. These assessments help prevent any nutrient deficiency or toxicity from compromising tree health and yield or reducing revenue. This new illustrated two-page instructional sheet gives a basic procedure for the citrus leaf sampling process, as well as additional suggestions for HLB-affected trees. Written by Tripti Vashisth, Jamie D. Burrow, Davie Kadyampakeni, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1355

Assessment of mycotoxin contamination in maize and wheat stored in silos using two sampling processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Mallmann ◽  
M.S. Oliveira ◽  
P. Dilkin ◽  
J.K. Vidal ◽  
G.R. Meinerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Mean Concentration

Mycotoxin contamination of stored cereals often occurs in a highly heterogeneous manner, necessitating the use of representative sampling to minimise analytical errors. The objective of this study was to compare mycotoxin analysis in stored maize and wheat using two sampling processes. Samples were obtained from four maize silos and two wheat silos. A pneumatic probe was introduced in the centre and at the four central points of each quadrant, from the top to the bottom of the silo (12 m). For sampling process A, this was divided into three samples (upper third, middle third and lower third of the silo height). No sample subdivision took place for sampling process B. LC-MS/MS was used for analysis of aflatoxins (AF), fumonisins (FB), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in maize and DON and ZEA in wheat. Sampling procedures were compared with respect to the variability of the collected data. AF, FB, ZEA and DON were detected in 77.5, 100.0, 56.7 and 0.0% of the maize samples, respectively, and the mean concentration differed significantly between silos. In wheat, 100.0 and 97.5% of the samples were contaminated with DON and ZEA, respectively, and there was no significantly difference in mean concentration between silos. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the coefficients of variation (CVs) of AF (54.9 and 58.6%), FB (19.4 and 27.3%) and ZEA (68.9 and 85.5%) between sampling processes A and B in maize silos. The DON CV in sampling process A (10.1%) was lower (P<0.05) than the CV in sampling process B (22.2%) in wheat silos. Overall, the two sampling processes provided analytical results with the same variability in maize and different variability for DON in wheat, where process A yielded results with lower variability.

scholarly journals Identification of the Appropriate Leaf Sampling Period for Nutrient Analysis in ‘Hass’ Avocado

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Isidro J.L. González-Durán ◽  
Martha E. Ibarra-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Hass Avocado

This research was carried out from 2004 to 2005 in two commercial ‘Hass’ avocado orchards cultivated under rainfed conditions in a hot subhumid climate of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish the patterns in nutrient concentrations during the lifespan of winter and summer vegetative flush leaves; and 2) validate a methodology based on mathematical functions to identify the appropriate period for leaf sampling to diagnose plant nutrition in avocado considering its two major vegetative flushes. Leaf samples were taken monthly for each vegetative flush, starting when leaf length was 5 cm or greater and concluding at leaf abscission. Starting at vegetative budbreak, winter and summer leaves lived 12.5 and 7.8 months, respectively. Summer flush leaves grew faster and attained greater length than winter leaves. A mathematical model based on the concentration of macro- and micronutrients through the lifespan of avocado leaves was evaluated. This model was used to determine the period when nutrient concentrations became stable and, consequently, to identify the proper leaf sampling period. For the ‘Hass’ avocado in Nayarit, the period for sampling winter flush leaves corresponded to 6.6- to 7.9-month-old leaves (4 Sept. to 13 Oct.). For summer leaves the optimum period was shorter and occurred when leaves were 3.9 to 4.9 months old (5 Dec. to 5 Jan.). The procedure and sampling time obtained here should be tested in other regions.

Effect of season (vegetative flushing) and leaf position on the leaf nutrient composition of Annona spp. hybrid cv. Pink's Mammoth in south-eastern Queensland

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
ML Carseldine
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Cu And Zn

Seasonal patterns of leaf nutrient concentrations and leaf sampling procedures were established for the Annona spp. hybrid cultivar, Pink's Mammoth in subtropical Queensland (27�S.). One group of nutrients showed a general decline in concentration in the leaves with time (K, 1.448%; P, 0.3-0.15%) while another group showed an overall increase (Ca, 0.4-1.4%; Mg, 0.3-0.54%; B, 24-66 �g/g). Nitrogen leaf levels decreased throughout the growing season (3.5-2.5%), with the pattern of decline strongly influenced by vegetative flushing. Leaf concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn and B generally increased, and N, P, K, Cu, and Zn decreased with leaf age. Movement of the more mobile elements (i.e. N, P. K, Cu, and Zn) from the older into the younger leaves was more rapid when trees were flushing compared with trees that had completed flushing. Irrespective of the state of flushing, higher concentrations of the less mobile elements Mg, Ca, B and Mn were recorded in the older compared with the younger leaves, indicating that their movement into younger leaves is relatively slow. Our results suggest that the most suitable time to sample leaves is after the completion of vegetative flushing when the concentration of most leaf elements have stabilised. Depending on the element, it may be more appropriate to sample either young or old leaves rather than compromise by sampling only the most recently mature, fully expanded leaf.

FILTERING ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTIVE SAMPLING OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA

Geophysics ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Swartz ◽  
V. M. Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Seismic Reflections

Geophysical data are often subjected to a variety of selective sampling operations in order to render their interpretation easier. The filtering effects of a number of commonly employed selective sampling procedures are discussed in detail in this paper. Curves are given showing the frequency selectivity characteristics of several arithmetic sampling processes including simple averaging, successive differences, and residual curves and maps. Instrumental sampling such as geophone mixing and electric filtering is also considered. The equivalence of electric filtering to an arithmetic sampling process is pointed out and illustrated by an example. A recently developed statistical method of detecting seismic reflections is discussed as a sampling procedure and curves are presented to show the filtering action for two special cases under restricted conditions.

scholarly journals You can lead a student to water, but can you make them think? An evaluation of a situated learning environment: An Ocean in the Classroom

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisin O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Situated Learning ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Marine Biology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Sampling Procedures

A marine science virtual environment was developed as a CD-ROM to simulate marine sampling procedures for abundant and rare species. Students participated as scientists in the process by conducting fish counts for species of differing abundances and sampling unit sizes, calculating the most cost effective sample unit size for common and rare species, and then presenting their findings and interpretations in scientific report format. This paper reports an evaluation of the CD-ROM as it was incorporated into an assessable activity in a third year undergraduate and postgraduate Marine Biology subject. The evaluation evidence indicated that: (a) most students were able to navigate and use the CD-ROM effectively; (b) most students experienced an improvement in their understanding of the sampling process, particularly with rare species; (c) staff confirmed that there was an improvement in students’ understanding of the sampling process, including how to choose and undertake the most cost effective sampling method; but (d) this understanding did not always improve students’ ability to interpret their results critically and to relate them to what they had observed in the field. These findings are discussed in terms of what is required to provide students with an authentic learning experience as marine scientists, and how the CD-ROM could be incorporated into such a learning experience in the future.

scholarly journals LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION IN THE NINETIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263e-1263
Author(s):  
Tom DeGomez
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Production Practices

The wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) in Maine and the Maritime Provinces of Canada has been managed for hundreds of years, first by native Americans and more recently by European settlers. Early production practices consisted of periodic free burns over large tracts of land for pruning and weed control. New practices have centered on intensifying production and include flail mow pruning, mechanical harvesting, herbicides for weed control, and monitoring pest populations. Most recently, land smoothing for improved mechanization and leaf sampling for nutrient analysis have been adopted. Land smoothing allows producers with rough land to use labor-saving equipment and apply pesticides more precisely. Leaf analysis predicts nutrient availability much more accurately than soil testing.

scholarly journals MACRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN CARINIANA ESTRELLENSIS (Raddi) KUNTZE: FROM CHANGES IN CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE TO VISUAL SYMPTOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Leandro Feitosa de Andrade ◽  
Antonio Enedi Boaretto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

ABSTRACT The nutritional requirements of native forest species can influence productivity. Thus, the understanding of these requirements enables us to optimize the use of inputs and reduce the environmental impacts inforest restoration projects. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in cellular ultrastructure and the anatomy of leaf laminae as well as observe visual signs of nutrient deficiency in young Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze plants, a forest species widely used in ecological restoration projects. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in random blocks with three replications of seven treatments using nutrient subtraction (I.e., control [plants grown with all nutrients], -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, and -S). The plants were harvested 135 days after the beginning of the treatments when the deficiency of the macronutrients resulted in visible abnormalities. Changes in the cell ultrastructure and structure of the chloroplasts, cytoplasm, and stromal lamellae were observed, as well as starch and lipid concentrations in the cytoplasm, intercellular spaces, and parenchymal cells. Changes in the cell ultrastructures, leaf laminae, and visual signs of nutrient deficiency hindered the development of young C. estrellensis plants; therefore, forest restoration projects that use this species in soils that require nutritional supplementation may have limited success in the absence of nutritional support.

scholarly journals Pemetaan Status Unsur Hara Fosfor Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Kelurahan Babat Sumatera Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Bagus Iswahyudi ◽  
Bakri Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Mineral Mapping

Iswahyudi et al, 2019. Oil Palm Plantation’s Phosporous Mineral Mapping on Babat District South Sumatera. JLSO 8(1):77-85. Soil nutrient status mapping was not initiated which lead to inefficiency in fertilization. Fertilizition without nutrient analysis could lead to nutrient deficiency or toxicity of nutrint. The Purpose of this research was to identify, map the nutrient status and fertilization recomendation of phosporous nutrient status in public oil palm plantation at Babat Village Babat Toman Districts Musi Banyuasin District South Sumatera Province. This research used a detailed survey methode with grid system for 16 sample which represent 16 ha and 60 cm depth of soil drilling. Phosporous nutrient status at research location ranged from 4,81 ppm to 21,86 ppm. 7 ha contained 8-20 ppm available phosphorous ot classified into medium, 6 ha contained < 8 ppm available phosphorous or classified into low and 3 h contained >20 ppm available phosporous or classified into high. Soil reaction (pH) of the research field was 5,0 and 5,5 which classify the soil into acid soil. Fertilization implemented to increase the nutrient status until medium (15 ppm) which resulted in SP-36 doses was 346,22 kg/ha for low nutrient status and 139,33 kg/ha for medium nutrient status.

Plant Pathology Diagnosed by X-Ray Microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
J. H. Resau ◽  
N. Howell ◽  
S. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
X Ray

Spinach grown in Texas developed “yellow spotting” on the peripheral portions of the leaves. The exact cause of the discoloration could not be determined as there was no evidence of viral or parasitic infestation of the plants and biochemical characterization of the plants did not indicate any significant differences between the yellow and green leaf portions of the spinach. The present study was undertaken using electron microscopy (EM) to determine if a micro-nutrient deficiency was the cause for the discoloration.Green leaf spinach was collected from the field and sent by express mail to the EM laboratory. The yellow and equivalent green portions of the leaves were isolated and dried in a Denton evaporator at 10-5 Torr for 24 hrs. The leaf specimens were then examined using a JEOL 100 CX analytical microscope. TEM specimens were prepared according to the methods of Trump et al.

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