scholarly journals Autonomous institutions in the Southern Khmer’s traditional rural society

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Canh Khac Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Buddhist Culture

Inherently as the inhabitants of agricultural practices specializing in water rice cultivation, the Southern Khmer, once settling down on the Southern land and primarily gathering in the Mekong Delta, grouped themselves into units of residency, later organized into traditional autonomous societal units with two institutions of autonomy which bore such communal democracy values as phum and srok. In addition, when settling down on the Southern land, the Khmer people brought with them their religion – Theravada, and on this land, Buddhism of the Southern Khmer could both meet the spiritual need of the mass and be the consolidating catalyst to gather up community members. The elements of ethnic culture of the water rice inhabitants combined with those of Buddhist culture not only exerted great influence on their living style, on their material and mental culture, but also deeply engraved themselves in their autonomous mechanism, creating a particular feature of fundamental and typical nature belonging to the Southern Khmer’s traditional rural society. That is the autonomous mechanism of phum and srok which is closely related to and intertwined with the management system of pagodas in order to efficiently manage and regulate the society. Until the 1975 Liberation, phum and srok management and regulating system bearing traditional features of the Southern Khmer had ceased to exist. Although the management system of feudal government and of later governmental regimes already replaced the traditional management system, their imprint and influence still impose deep impacts on various aspects of the Khmer people’s current lives. In the framework of this research, the paper focuses on analyzing the traditional autonomous institutions and on how the mixed intertwining nature of these institutions made up special features of the Southern Khmer’s societal organization.

scholarly journals Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation – concept development and application to the Mekong Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2859-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Khanh Triet ◽  
Nguyen Viet Dung ◽  
Bruno Merz ◽  
Heiko Apel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Risk Maps

Abstract. Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event-based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefore, the present study was developed to provide the very first insight into delta-scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large-scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology, and harvest times based on a time series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage function. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans and as a basis for a cost–benefit of the discussed land-use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Selection of drought-tolerant rice varieties from the rice variety bank of Can Tho university

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Tin Q. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Rice Improvement

Drought has been a big problem and damaged seriously to rice cultivation and production in Vietnam and the Mekong Delta region; evaluating drought tolerance of rice is a major objective for the rice improvement programmes in Can Tho University. Fifty-two collected rice varieties including resistant and susceptible control varieties were screened for water stress under the artificial drought condition. Marker RM223 was used to identify the drought tolerance genotypes for some selected varieties with good and moderate tolerant scores. After 30 days of water stress, the results were 6 varieties of good tolerant, 8 varieties of moderate tolerance, 36 varieties of moderately susceptible and 2 varieties of susceptible to drought. Analyses of PCR showed that 10 varieties expressed the similar bands with the resistant control variety. Four varieties (LH8, MTL812, Lua Canh and VB1) with good tolerant to drought were recommended to use for genetic materials of rice breeding program and applying in alternative wetting and drying irrigation technique for rice cultivation.

scholarly journals The legacy of traditional rice cultivation by descendants of Indian contract laborers in Suriname

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Ramdayal ◽  
Harro Maat ◽  
Tinde van Andel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Contract Laborers ◽  
Traditional Rice

Abstract Background Some 35,000 indentured laborers from India were recruited to work on plantations in Suriname between 1868 and 1916. It is likely that most were familiar with farming before they were shipped to this former Dutch colony in the Caribbean. Around 1900, those who did not return received a piece of land where most of them started growing rice as a staple crop. Agronomists characterized their traditional landraces as inferior and infested with weedy rice and started to ‘purify’ these landraces. No research has been done on whether these ancient rice varieties still exist. We aimed to document the rice varieties (both landraces and more modern cultivars) grown currently or in the recent past by (descendants of) Hindustani smallholders in Suriname, their origin, morphological and agronomic characters, local uses and cultural and spiritual relevance. Given the rapid decline in small-scale rice cultivation in the past 40 years, we wanted to know why people continued or abandoned rice farming and what aspects of traditional practices still survived. Methods We interviewed 26 (former) small-scale Hindustani farmers and asked about the varieties they cultivated and traditional agricultural practices. We collected seed samples, local names and associated information, and compared these to information from agricultural reports from the colonial period. We also interviewed 11 Maroons, one Javanese farmer, and three persons of mixed ethnicity, who were somehow involved in the cultivation of East Indian rice varieties. Results and discussion Hindustani smallholders in Suriname largely lost their traditional rice landraces. Most of the interviewed farmers grew modern cultivars, developed after 2000. Some cultivars from the 1950s were still planted for fodder, but these were heavily mixed with weedy rice and other weeds. Maroon farmers in the interior, however, still actively cultivated varieties with names like ‘coolie rice’, which probably descend from landraces introduced by the Indian contract laborers, although this needs to be confirmed by molecular research. Although traditional cultivation practices seem to have been lost, smallholders still retain pleasant memories of the manual planting, harvesting, and processing of rice, as well as the gender-based practices and beliefs associated with the cultivation of the crop. The oral history of former rice farmers and traditional rice varieties (possibly obtained from Maroon fields) could play a role in museum settings as living vehicles for memories of the descendants of Asian contract labourers in Suriname and Guyana.

Improvement of Museum Exhibition Planning Processes Based on Project Management Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
E. Hodzhayan
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Exhibition Design ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Integration Mechanism ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Effective Organization

The urgency of development management to ensure competitiveness of culture institutions in conditions of transition to market conditions of managing. The basic principles of integration mechanism of project management in traditional management system of culture institution are analyzed. The ideas about the art project are generalized. The possibilities of a harmonious combination of process and project approaches to the management of culture institution are analyzed. In article using methods of network planning on the example of managing exhibition activity of the museum is considered. This allowed to design effective organization of works on exhibition design.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of african violet in a traditional management system

2013 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Dora Trejo-Aguilar ◽  
Liliana Lara-Capistrán ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
African Violet

scholarly journals Cultural Reversal: Why Does Obedience Lose With The Initiative

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Slinták
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Case Methodology ◽  
Related Stress

The article deals with the question which management philosophy is better, management philosophy based on culture HOW or management philosophy based on culture WHY.  With respect to this article, author used these techniques, namely quantitative research, case methodology and literature analysis. Consequently, from the research, it can be predicted that most companies prefer a management model which inclines more towards planning, organizing and controlling than to leadership. This approach is a part of the traditional management system through which the organizational culture of “HOW” is implemented. The hidden costs of this model are apathetic staff, lost revenues and mainly work-related stress. These factors, which cause a lack of participation in the workplace, similarly lead to paralysis of innovation capabilities of most companies. They negatively affect the overall productivity of the economy and cause considerable social costs. However, there is also alternative management system based on the WHY culture. This management system, which releases initiative, creativity and enthusiasm, was investigated in the Toyota, FAVI and W. L. Gore. Author found out that these companies are able to eliminate the negative consequences of the traditional management model. The key features of this model are trust, freedom and responsibility, all three of which enrich the system with the ability to learn iteratively from one’s own mistakes.

scholarly journals Contamination of Fusarium proliferatum and Aspergillus flavus in the Rice Chain Linked to Crop Seasons, Cultivation Regions, and Traditional Agricultural Practices in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Lien Thi Kim Phan ◽  
Trang Minh Tran ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Liesbeth Jacxsens ◽  
Mia Eeckhout
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Traditional Agricultural Practices

This study evaluates the influence of crop seasons, cultivation regions, and traditional agricultural practices on the occurrence of F. proliferatum and A. flavus in the rice chain in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A survey on pre- and post-harvest practices was performed from 2017 to 2019 in parallel with sampling. Results showed that F. proliferatum (36.3%) and A. flavus (10%) were predominantly present throughout the rice chain. These fungi frequently occurred in winter–spring and autumn–winter crops in Can Tho paddy. Especially, F. proliferatum appeared both on the field and during transportation (50–100%), while A. flavus presented at all stages (10–33%). The occurrence of F. proliferatum reduced 70–27% after drying, depended on the seasons, compared to field and transportation stages and could not be detected anymore at further stages. Applying poor pre-harvest agricultural practices such as the use of certain varieties (Jasmine, DT8 varieties), combination of fertilizers (organic–inorganic), fields with crop debris, unhygienic boats, and delayed drying time of 8–12 h or 12–28 h resulted in an increase in fungal contamination on paddy. This study provides a detailed description of fungi contamination in crop seasons, cultivation regions, and agricultural practices, which may help in understanding the fungal dynamic and allow identification of good agricultural practices to mitigate the fungal contamination and potential mycotoxin production.

scholarly journals Nutrient dynamics in water and soil under conventional rice cultivation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan ◽  
Huynh Van Thao ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

Background The evaluation of nutrient variability plays a crucial role in accessing soil potentials and practical intervention responses in rice production systems. Synthetic fertilizer applications and cultivation practices are considered key factors affecting nutrient dynamics and availability. Here, we assessed the nutrient dynamics in surface, subsurface water and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation practices in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Methods We implemented a field experiment (200 m 2) in the 2018 wet season and the 2019 dry season in a triple rice-cropping field. Eight samples of surface water, subsurface water (30–45 cm), and topsoil (0–20 cm) were collected and analysed during the rice-growing seasons. Results The results showed that N-NH 4+, P-PO 43- and total P peaks were achieved after fertilizing. Irrespective of seasons, the nutrient content in surface water was always greater than that of subsurface water (P<0.001), with the exception of N-NO 3-, which was insignificant (P>0.05). When comparing the wet and dry seasons, nutrient concentrations exhibited minor differences (P>0.05). Under conventional rice cultivation, the effects of synthetic fertilizer topdressing on the total N, soil organic matter (SOM), and total P were negligible in the soil. Higher rates of N fertilizer application did not significantly increase soil N-NH 4+, total N, yet larger P fertilizer amounts substantially enhanced soil total P (P<0.001). Conclusions Under conventional rice cultivation, N-NH 4+, P-PO 43- and total P losses mainly occur through runoff rather than leaching. While N-NO 3- loss is similar in surface water and subsurface water. Notably, nutrient content in soil was high; whilst SOM was seen to be low-to-medium between seasons. Future work should consider the nutrient balance and dynamic simulation in the lowland soil of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta’s paddy fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document