scholarly journals Effect of plant hormones on the in vitro culture of breadfruit shoots (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Suong Thi Tuyet Ha ◽  
Mai Thi Bach Vo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis

Under the influence of plant hormones, after 8 weeks of in vitro culture, the growth of breadfruit shoot (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) was very different. With shoots that were cultured on 1 mg/L BA medium after 10 days of being transferred to ½ MS supplemented with 10 mg/L BA medium, the percentage of shoot development was the highest (86.8 %), and the secretion of phenolic compounds or forming callus were not observed. On the ½ MS supplemented with 12 mg/L BA medium, shoots growed strongly and healthily but the secretion of phenolic compounds and the forming of callus affected the ability of the shoot development. On the ½ MS supplemented with 0.45 mg/L BA, 0.6 mg/L Kinetin (Kin) medium and on the ½ MS supplemented with 0.45 mg/L BA, 0.6 mg/L Kin, 0.35 mg/L GA3 medium, the percentage of shoot developed were lower than those on the ½ MS supplemented with 10 mg/L medium. The addition of 0.35 mg/L GA3 in the culture medium help to appear the lateral more than the remaining experiments. Roles of respiration rate and endogenous hormones were discussed to understand the physiological changes in the in vitro culture shoots breadfruit.

scholarly journals Effect of benzyl adenine on the in vitro culture of young female flowers of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Suong Thi Tuyet Ha ◽  
Mai Thi Bach Vo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Young Female ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Female Flowers

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) is a woody tropical tree. In addition to the nutritious value, breadfruit is also a precious medicinal source, because every part of it contains many natural compounds with biological activity. With the aim of providing a pharmaceutical source cond food with high yield, as well as the short harvert time, we examined the effects of the concentration of benzyl adenine (BA) on the in vitro culture of young female breadfruit flowers. The results showed that in the first phase of the culture, the concentration of 5 mg/L BA stimulated an increase in size of each female flowers, especially in the calyx. The increasing concentration of 10 mg/L BA stimulated the formation of callus in the calyx of each female flowers. Roles of respiration rate and endogenus hormones were discussed to understand the physiological changes in the in vitro culture of young female breadfruit flowers.

scholarly journals Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-553
Author(s):  
Natacha Coelho ◽  
Alexandra Filipe ◽  
Bruno Medronho ◽  
Solange Magalhães ◽  
Carla Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Plant Culture

In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.

P–218 Analysis of the occurrence of microbial contamination in IVF culture system and the effect of microorganisms on embryo development and clinical outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Du ◽  
R Li ◽  
Q Zhang ◽  
W Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ivf Et

Abstract Study question what is the source, prevalence, and influence of microbial contamination on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycles? Summary answer Microbial contamination mainly occurs on Day 2, most caused by Escherichia coli carried with semen. ICSI could prevent contamination effectively and get good clinical outcomes. What is known already Microbial contamination occurs in IVF-ET system occasionally, which is hard to stop happening. The IVF culture system and laboratory environment, the patients’ follicular fluid and semen are not absolutely sterile, while the antibiotics in culture medium isn’t effective for all microbe types, and the artificial operations may bring in microbes. Generally, microbial contamination leads to degradation of embryos, reduction the number of embryos available, and infection of female reproductive tract, which would increase the cost of patients’ time, money, and bring psychological damages. A better understanding of embryo contamination in IVF culture system is of added value. Study design, size, duration A total of 29583 IVF-ET cycles were enrolled in this prospective observational study, from January 2010 to December 2020, included 70 microbial contamination cycles discovered in Day1-Day3 (D1-D3) of in vitro culture. Follicular fluid and semen saved on oocyte retrieval day, and culture medium contaminated were examined and identified for microorganisms at each contamination cycle. Participants/materials, setting, methods Compared the contamination rate of different insemination methods (IVF/ICSI/IVF+ICSI), different in vitro culture days (D1-D3), and different samples examination (follicular fluid, semen, culture medium) respectively, identified the source of microorganism types, compared the IVF culture outcomes and clinical outcomes between total contamination group (TC group, 42 cases) and partial contamination group (PC group, 28 cases). Main results and the role of chance A total of 70 microbial contamination cases occurred in 29583 oocyte retrieving cycles (0.24%), and it was observed only in IVF embryos but never in ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) embryos. 38 contamination cases occurred on D2 with a highest ratio (54.3%) compared to D1 (32.9%) and D3(12.9%); Compared with follicular fluid, semen was the main cause inducing contamination from D1 to D3, and Escherichia coli in semen and culture medium, Enterococcus faecalis in follicular fluid proved to be the most common sources. Compared with TC group, the PC group showed a lower rate of No-available embryos (21.4% vs 81.0%) and a higher rate of blastocyst formation (41.2% vs 28.6%), In addition, the clinical pregnancy rate of PC group was higher than that of TC group in both fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles (31.3% vs 16.7%, 38.5% vs 0.0%). Limitations, reasons for caution Further study is still necessary to better understand the sources that induce microbial contamination embryos, and more efficient methods are required to remove the microbes on these contaminated embryos so as better develop and manage a sterile micro-environment for successful embryo growth. Wider implications of the findings: The differential embryonic microbe types associated to different IVF culture and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing IVF-ET might have profound implications for understanding the microbial sources and making a better management of IVF culture system. Trial registration number Not applicable

Synthesis of RNA in oocytes of Xenopus laevis during culture in vitro

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
A. Colman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
18S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Precursor

RNA synthesis can be maintained in large oocytes of Xenopus laevis during periods of in vitro culture of at least 10 days. A simple salt medium, modified Barth's solution, is found to be as effective a culture medium for these oocytes as several other complex media. The newly synthesized RNA is characterized electrophoretically and shown to consist predominantly of ribosomal RNA precursor, 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA, and 4S RNA. The distribution of this RNA within the oocyte is detected autoradiographically, where it is found to be greatly concentrated over the nucleoli. No qualitative alterations in either of these parameters are found during culture, within the limits of sensitivity of the assay procedures.

scholarly journals A new experimental in vitro culture medium for cultivation of Leishmania species.

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 2430-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Limoncu ◽  
I C Balcioğlu ◽  
K Yereli ◽  
Y Ozbel ◽  
A Ozbilgin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Leishmania Species

scholarly journals Morphophysiological responses of Billbergia zebrina Lindl. (Bromeliaceae) in function of types and concentrations of carbohydrates during conventional in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Rodrigues Santos ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo ◽  
Antelmo Ralph Falqueto
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Concentration Interval

Abstract When propagated in vitro, explants receive all the nutrients needed for their growth, including carbohydrates, from the culture medium. However, it is not well understood how the type and concentration of carbohydrates can affect the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus (particularly photosystem II) of these plants. The aim was to assess the morphophysiological responses of Billbergia zebrina plants in function of sources and concentrations of carbohydrates during in vitro culture. Side shoots of plants previously established in vitro were individualized and transferred to a culture medium containing fructose, glucose or sucrose in four concentrations (0, 15, 30 or 45 g L−1). After growth for 55 days, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, leaf anatomy and growth were analyzed. The concentration and type of carbohydrate employed during in vitro culture did not decrease the photosynthetic apparatus performance. However, concentrations above 30 g L−1 led to anatomical modifications, revealing some degree of stress suffered by the plants. When grown in concentrations of 15 and 30 g L−1, irrespective of the carbohydrate used, the plants presented greater stomatal density. The supplementation of the culture medium with monosaccharides caused alterations in the development of the xylem vessels, such as increased number and diameter, allowing adjustment to the microenvironmental conditions. The in vitro conditions influenced the photosynthetic and anatomical responses of plants. The concentration interval from 15 to 30 g L−1 sucrose had a better effect by not causing large changes in the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and anatomy of plants.

scholarly journals Combining Medicinal Plant In Vitro Culture with Machine Learning Technologies for Maximizing the Production of Phenolic Compounds

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual García-Pérez ◽  
Eva Lozano-Milo ◽  
Mariana Landín ◽  
Pedro Pablo Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Plant In Vitro Culture

We combined machine learning and plant in vitro culture methodologies as a novel approach for unraveling the phytochemical potential of unexploited medicinal plants. In order to induce phenolic compound biosynthesis, the in vitro culture of three different species of Bryophyllum under nutritional stress was established. To optimize phenolic extraction, four solvents with different MeOH proportions were used, and total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (FC) and radical-scavenging activity (RSA) were determined. All results were subjected to data modeling with the application of artificial neural networks to provide insight into the significant factors that influence such multifactorial processes. Our findings suggest that aerial parts accumulate a higher proportion of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in comparison to roots. TPC was increased under ammonium concentrations below 15 mM, and their extraction was maximum when using solvents with intermediate methanol proportions (55–85%). The same behavior was reported for RSA, and, conversely, FC was independent of culture media composition, and their extraction was enhanced using solvents with high methanol proportions (>85%). These findings confer a wide perspective about the relationship between abiotic stress and secondary metabolism and could serve as the starting point for the optimization of bioactive compound production at a biotechnological scale.

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