scholarly journals In addressing the question about the Samoyedic substrate in the South Siberian populations: the phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup N-L666

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Anastasiya T. Agdzhoyan ◽  
◽  
Larissa D. Damba ◽  
Valery V. Zaporozhchenko ◽  
Oleg P. Balanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Ultimate Source ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Specific Cluster

We studied the diversity of Y-chromosomal haplogroup N-L666 in Southern Siberia, where this lineage itself is an approximate equivalent to N2-P43. The whole sample included 590 representatives of western, central, southern, southeastern and northeastern (Tojin) Tuvans, who identified themselves as one of 21 tribal groups, as well as Tofalars. The N-L666 subsample consisted of 138 individuals and was studied using 15 STR markers in two scales: local (considering the areal groups and tribal clans of Tuvans) and regional (in comparison with the populations of Southern and Western Siberia). Results. Two clusters of N-L666 STR haplotypes were identified: cluster A, specific for Tuvans and Tofalars (covering 19% and 16% of their gene pools respectively) and cluster B, widely scattered throughout Siberia from the West to the Transbaikalia (reaching ~30% in Tofalars). The ubiquity and a greater age of the cluster B favor the idea of its origin in the ancestral population – the ultimate source of the haplogroup N-L666 in Siberia – commonly alleged to be Samoyedic by language. On the contrary, the narrow geographic range and a relatively recent age of the cluster A indicate its formation in the area inhabited by Tuvans and Tofalars during the last thousand years. The emergence of subclusters A1, A2, B1 may be the result of demographic growth in the populations of Tuvans, southern Altaians and Khakas about 300-450 years ago. The spread of the same haplotypes, clusters and subclusters among different regional groups and clans of Tuvans indicates a common source of haplogroup N-L666 for them, which existed in the gene pool long before the separation of the studied populations. Conclusions. A specific cluster of haplogroup N-L666 in Tuvans was presumably founded by a representative of one of the Samoyedic tribes, whose numerous descendants participated in the formation of the Tuvans, Tofalars and southern Altaians over the last thousand years.

Chorthippus brunneus subgroup (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae) in Anatolia with description of two new species: data suggest an Anatolian origin for the lineage

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2410 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENIZ SIRIN ◽  
OTTO VON HELVERSEN ◽  
BATTAL CIPLAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
The West ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Chorthippus Biguttulus ◽  
A New Species

The Chorthippus biguttulus group distributed in the west Palaearctic, while intensively examined in Europe, is poorly known in the glacial refugia such as Anatolia. This produces constraints in making accurate statements about evolution and the biogeography of the group. The C. brunneus subgroup of this lineage is examined using large amounts of morphological and song data from Anatolia (Asian Turkey) and representatives from Europe. Song and morphology in combination suggested three species to be found in Anatolia. The first is C. bornhalmi Harz which is also known from south-east Europe. The other two are new species: Chorthippus antecessor sp. n. and Chorthippus relicticus sp. n.. Morphologically, C. antecessor sp. n. is the most aberrant species of the C. brunneus subgroup, but is similar to C. bornhalmi in song. The specific song and morphology (the aberrant number of stridulatory pegs) define C. relicticus as a new species and both also indicate that it is closely related to C. brunneus and C. jacobsi. A song and morphology based phyloylogenetic assumption for C. brunneus subgroup suggests C. antecessor, C. bornhalmi and C. miramae to constitute one clade and C. brunneus, C. jacobsi and C. relicticus another. The scenario suggested for their evolution assume the following steps: (i) divergence of C. bornhalmi from a C. antecessor like ancestor, (ii) derivation of an ancestral population (which later give rise to C. brunneus + C. jacobsi + C. relicticus) from a C. bornhalmi like ancestor, and (iii) later fragmentation of this ancestral population to result in the present three species (C. brunneus + C. jacobsi + C. relicticus). All of these events seem to be correlated with the climatic cycles during Pleistocene. The conclusion is that the two new species are range-restricted, vulnerable species as is the case for many other taxa present in the Mediterranean Taurus biodiversity hotspot.

scholarly journals Distinctiveness of Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asish K. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Dangeruta Kersulyte ◽  
Jin-Yong Jeong ◽  
Simanti Datta ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Dna Sequence Motifs ◽  
Cytotoxin Gene

ABSTRACT The genotypes of 78 strains of Helicobacter pylori from Calcutta, India (55 from ulcer patients and 23 from more-benign infections), were studied, with a focus on putative virulence genes and neutral DNA markers that were likely to be phylogenetically informative. PCR tests indicated that 80 to 90% of Calcutta strains carried the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and potentially toxigenic vacAs1 alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA), independent of disease status. This was higher than in the West (where cag PAI+ vacAs1 genotypes are disease associated) but lower than in east Asia. The iceA2 gene was weakly disease associated in Calcutta, whereas in the West the alternative but unrelatediceA1 gene at the same locus is weakly disease associated. DNA sequence motifs of vacAm1 (middle region) alleles formed a cluster that was distinct from those of east Asia and the West, whereas the cagA sequences of Calcutta and Western strains were closely related. An internal deletion found in 20% of Calcutta iceA1 genes was not seen in any of ∼200 strains studied from other geographic regions and thus seemed to be unique to this H. pylori population. Two mobile DNAs that were rare in east Asian strains were also common in Calcutta. About 90% of Calcutta strains were metronidazole resistant. These findings support the idea that H. pylori gene pools differ regionally and emphasize the potential importance of studies of Indian and other non-Western H. pylori populations in developing a global understanding of this gastric pathogen and associated disease.

scholarly journals Mass contents of natural radioactive elements in the main types of rocks of the Mesozoic sediments of the West-Siberian Plate and their comparative assessment with the contents in the deposits of some sedimentary basins of the former USSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Turyshev
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
The West ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Former Ussr

The average and boundary contents of natural radioactive elements in sandy, aleuritic, argillaceous, mixed and carbonaceous types of sedimentary rocks of the main groups of productive strata of the Jurassic-Cretaceous age of Western Siberia are estimated; a comparison of the obtained values of the contents of radioelements with their contents in sedimentary deposits of some regions of the former USSR is performed.

scholarly journals ‘Polish-Lithuanian’ archaeological materials from the excavations of the town of Tara

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
S.F. Tataurov ◽  
S.S. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
The West ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coats Of Arms ◽  
Special Category ◽  
Over Time

In this article, the authors analyse materials from the excavations of the Tara fortress (Omsk Region, Wes-tern Siberia), founded in 1594 by Prince Andrei Yeletsky and functioned as the main outpost of the Russians in the Middle Irtysh region to counter Khan Kuchum, the Kuchumovichs, and then the newly-arrived population from Dzungaria and Kazakhstan, until construction of the Omsk fortress in 1716. The aim of this research is to identify amongst the finds the articles of Polish-Lithuanian origin, in outward appearance similar to Russian ones. Having studied the collections formed during the excavations of the fortress in 2007–2020, the authors came to the con-clusion that such items are definitely represented by the signet rings with nobility coats of arms, coins, and bap-tismal crosses made according to the Catholic canon. Potentially, Polish-Lithuanian origin could be assigned to some types of fabrics and leather goods, such as a travel compass case with images of French fleur-de-lis, some types of shoes, and handgun holsters. The presence of Venetian glass ware and plinth bricks in the layers of the 17th c., according to the authors, is also associated with the arrival in Tara of the population that had previously resided in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or on the western borders of Muscovy. The owners of these items ended up in Tara (and in Western Siberia) because they were taken prisoners or sided with the Rus-sians during the Russian-Polish wars. Over time, they formed a special category of service people called ‘Lithuania’. This is evidenced by numerous written sources. The basis for this conclusion is given by particular characteristics of Tara's trade relations established, primarily, with China, Lesser and Greater Bukharia, and the Uzbek Khanate, i.e., with the south in the 17th c., from where Chinese porcelain, silk and cotton fabrics, and some types of smo-king pipes came to Tara. At that time, weapons, bread, coarse fabrics, money for salaries of the servicemen of the Siberian garrisons, and cheap beads were imported to Tara from the west through Kazan, Kungur, and Lozva. In the 18th c., the main trade of the Russians began to concentrate in Troitskosavsk (Kyakhta since 1934) on the border with Mongolia, from where tea, silk, and porcelain were exported, whereas a flow of Russian-made goods, as well as European wines, sugar, some species of nuts, and spices, was established through Kazan into Siberia. Instead of ’Lithuania’, Germans started coming to Siberia. In the 19th c., Poles reappeared en masse in Western Siberia. However, those were no longer residents of Lithuania and Western Russian principalities, but ethnic Poles exiled to Siberia for participation in anti-Russian uprisings.

Accessory and Ore Mineralization of Schists from the Basement of the Yamal Peninsula (Zapadno-Yarotinsky Area, Western Siberia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Erokhin ◽  
Kirill S. Ivanov ◽  
Anatoliy V. Zakharov ◽  
Vera V. Khiller
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
The West ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Ore Mineralization ◽  
Native Silver ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The results of studying the mineralogy of metamorphic schists from the Pre-Jurassic base of the Arctic part of the West Siberian plate are presented. The accessory and ore mineralization of schists from the Zapadno-Yarotinsky license area located in the southern part of the Yamal Peninsula is studied. The schists was uncovered by the Zapadno-Yarotinskaya No. 300 well at a depth of 2762 m. Above the section, the metamorphic rocks are overlain by a young Meso-Cenozoic cover. The schists are mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase (albite), carbonates (dolomite and siderite), mica (muscovite) and chlorite (donbassite). The discovered accessory and ore minerals in the metamorphic schists of the Zapadno-Yarotinsky area can be divided into two groups. The first group includes minerals that were formed during the metamorphism of schists, or were preserved as detrital matter. These minerals include zircon, fluorapatite, and rutile as the most stable compounds. The remaining mineralization (pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, galena, cobaltite, barite, xenotime-(Y), goyazite, synchysite-(Nd), native silver and copper) is clearly secondary and was formed as a result of superimposed metasomatic processes. Judging from the described mineralogy, the schists underwent changes as a result of superimposed propyllitization. The temperature range of this process is determined by the formation of cubanite in association with chalcopyrite at a temperature of 200-210 оС.

Pattern and Theme in Chrétien's ‘Yvain’

Traditio ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 145-189
Author(s):  
Edward C. Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ultimate Source ◽  
Christian Psychology ◽  
Erec Et Enide ◽  
Thematic Coherence

Yvain, Chrétien's masterpiece, has been conventionally seen as a counterpoise to Erec et Enide, attempting to reconcile the conflicting claims of love and chivalry. The several versions of this interpretation are misleading, if not quite wrong, because they divert our attention from what is special about Yvain to what it has in common with Erec. In all of them the lion is peripheral, although for Chrétien himself the lion gave the romance its name: Le Chevalier au lion. I intend to argue that Yvain is rather a critique of the Arthurian ideal, using patristic — or, if one prefers, Christian — psychology to show its hero fall victim to the sins of superbia, invidia, and ira in the first part and triumph over them in the second. Chrétien, I propose, made the lion a symbol of ira as a power of the soul and as ambivalent emotion, so that the two-part figure of the Chevalier au Lion — Yvain with his lion — dramatizes the restoration of ideal order within Yvain himself. Since the story of Yvain derives almost certainly from a Celtic source, Chrétien's originality consists not in the main events but in their disposition and in the emphasis assigned them in order to reveal their psychological and moral significance. I shall use comparisons with the Welsh story of Owein and the Lady of the Fountain to set that originality in relief, for whether the Welsh romance itself is the ultimate source of Yvain or both develop from some common source, it very likely approximates the form of the story prior to Chrétien's revision. It contains all the essential elements of Chrétien's romance — except Yvain's meeting with the hermit and the dispute between the daughters of the Lord of Noire Espine — masterly in detail but loosely connected, without moral focus or thematic coherence. Yvain, on the other hand, is distinguished, as this essay will try to show, by Chrétien's use of a progression of parallel incidents, together with the symbolic figure of the lion, to reveal gradually the meaning of the whole.

scholarly journals Shallow gene pools in the high intertidal: extreme loss of genetic diversity in viviparous sea stars ( Parvulastra )

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson C. Keever ◽  
Jonathan B. Puritz ◽  
Jason A. Addison ◽  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Richard K. Grosberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Isolation With Migration ◽  
Flow Loss ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

We document an extreme example of reproductive trait evolution that affects population genetic structure in sister species of Parvulastra cushion stars from Australia. Self-fertilization by hermaphroditic adults and brood protection of benthic larvae causes strong inbreeding and range-wide genetic poverty. Most samples were fixed for a single allele at nearly all nuclear loci; heterozygotes were extremely rare (0.18%); mitochondrial DNA sequences were more variable, but few populations shared haplotypes in common. Isolation-with-migration models suggest that these patterns are caused by population bottlenecks (relative to ancestral population size) and low gene flow. Loss of genetic diversity and low potential for dispersal between high-intertidal habitats may have dire consequences for extinction risk and potential for future adaptive evolution in response to climate and other selective agents.

scholarly journals Foraminifera and Late Cenomanian-Turonian biostratigraphy of the northern palaeobiogeographic district of Western Siberia

Geologos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Podobina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Siberian Species

Abstract The study of 114 core samples from seven borehole sections of the Van-Eganskaya area in the central part of Western Siberia yielded sufficient data to investigate the Late Cenomanian-Turonian foraminifers, palaeoenvironments, and the Late Cenomanian-Turonian biostratigraphy of this poorly studied area. Two Late Cenomanian foraminifer zones were established, viz. a (lower) Saccammina micra - Ammomarginulina sibirica Zone and an (upper) Trochammina wetteri tumida - Verneuilinoides kansasensis Zone. They reflect changes in the species composition of the foraminifer assemblages and lithology of the host rocks of the Uvatskian Horizon. In the lower part of the upper zone, beds with Gaudryinopsis nanushukensis elongatus are present. The changes in the species composition and lithology of the upper Cenomanian resulted from water-depth variations during the Boreal transgression. Two distinct assemblages and two homonymous zones, viz. the (lower) Gaudryinopsis angustus and the (upper) Pseudoclavulina hastata zones occur in the Turonian clayey cap-rocks of the superimposed Kuznetsovskian Horizon. Comparison of the Late Cenomanian-Turonian assemblages from the West-Siberian and Canadian provinces of the same Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm shows that the West-Siberian species are the same as, and closely related to, Canadian taxa, along with geographical subspecies. This comparison allows a detailed correlation, which results in a precise dating of the foraminifer zones.

Le batholite de De Pas, Nouveau-Québec : infrastructure composite d'arc magmatique protérozoïque

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Martelain ◽  
Maurice Chenevoy ◽  
Marc Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Amphibolite Facies ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Granitic Magma ◽  
Common Source ◽  
The West ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Field Evidence

The De Pas Batholith, in New Quebec, is a mass of granitoids elongated in a N-S direction, covering 7000 km2 in the southeastern part of the Archean Rae province. It is located between the Paleoproterozoic New Quebec Orogen in the West and the Torngat Orogen in the East. The batholith is composed, in its south half, of two parallel plutonic units: a charnockitic intrusion in the West, enclosed in granulitic gneisses, and a granitic unit in the East intruding an Archean orthogneiss complex migmatized at amphibolite facies grade. Field evidence indicates that the charnockitic unit is younger than the granitic unit. Both plutonic units are differentiated. The granitic unit ranges in composition from pyroxenite and diorite to the dominant porphyritic granodiorite. The charnockitic unit varies from norite to the dominant porphyritic opdalite. Late intrusive granites are present. The granitic unit and charnockitic unit show calc-alkalic evolutionary trends, granodioritic for the the granitic unit and monzonitic for the charnockitic unit. Similar major elements patterns suggest a common source area. Compatible trace element and heavy rare earth abundances are similar in both units. However, incompatible elements (Rb, Th, and U) and light rare earth are less abundant in the charnockitic unit. This poverty in certain large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements is a primary characteristic of the charnockitic magma. The overall geochemical characteristics of the De Pas Batholith are similar to those of a plutonic arc in a subduction setting. Only the late granites show evidence of a collisional setting. The differences in trace elements of the granitic unit and the charnockitic unit might be explained by contrasting styles of contamination of the magmas by continental materials in different intrusive conditions and geological settings. The granitic magma was intruded into Archean (?) crust of amphibolite facies, with which the granitic unit was in physical equilibrium. The charnockitic magma crystallised in the deeper granulitic crust, poor in highly lithophile elements. The De Pas Batholith occurs in the hinterland of the New Quebec Orogen, and represents an early subductional magmatic arc formed in two stages separated by a period of crustal thickening in the arc zone.

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