scholarly journals The Korean diaspora in the USSR in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
N.A. Potapova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Korean Diaspora ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Far Eastern

The article is devoted to the so-called Korean problem in the Soviet Union and ways to find ways to solve it. The Bolsheviks inherited from the Russian Empire the unresolved issue of active settlement of the Far East by Koreans. The migration from Japanese Korea was massive and uncontrolled. Unlike the Chinese, who settled all over the Soviet Union, Koreans settled compactly in the far eastern region. According to the 1937 census, the diaspora in the USSR numbered about 200,000 people. Since the 1920s, the Bolshevik government has attempted to solve the Korean question in the country, including repression of the diaspora. However, the Bolsheviks resorted to drastic and decisive measures in the 1930s. At this time, persecution of the Korean population increased. The main reason for persecution was the desire of the Bolshevik government to rid the country of «unreliable» and «dangerous» elements. The repression of Koreans in the 1930s can be divided into two stages. The first stage covers the period from the beginning of the new decade to the summer of 1937. This period is characterized by sporadic arrests of the Korean population, with the peak of persecution being in 1931- 1932 due to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and, consequently, a new wave of the Korean population emerged in the Soviet Far East. The Japanese military threat was the main reason for the Bolshevik government to look for foreign spies and agents in the USSR, and the population living in territories occupied by Japan and ending up in the Soviet Union were charged with Japanese espionage. The Koreans therefore became a category of the so-called fifth column. The targeted repressions in the first half of the 1930s were replaced by mass punitive actions in the second half of the 1930s, which reached their peak in 1937-1938. The repression of Koreans in 1937- 1938 comprised conditionally two punitive campaigns. The first campaign was the deportation of far eastern Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The second was the arrests and convictions of the Korean population during the period of the Great Terror as part of the mass operations of the NKVD (The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ), particularly the «Harbin» operation. Before 1937-1938, arrests and convictions of Koreans ranged in the hundreds. Thus, for example, in 1933 213 persons were convicted of espionage, in 1934 - 104, in 1935 - 200. During the period of the Big Terror only under the order No.00593 there were convicted about 5 thousand Koreans.

scholarly journals Regionalisms and Imperialisms in the Making of the Russian Far East, 1903–1926

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357
Author(s):  
Ivan Sablin ◽  
Daniel Sukhan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Asia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Tracing the emergence of the Russian Far East as a new region of the Russian Empire, revolutionary Russia, and the Soviet Union through regionalist and imperialist discourses and policies, this article briefly discusses Russian expansion in the Pacific littoral, outlines the history of regionalism in North Asia during the revolutionary and early Soviet periods, and focuses on the activities of the Far Eastern Council of People's Commissars (Dal΄sovnarkom), the Far Eastern Republic (FER), and the Far Eastern Revolutionary Committee (Dal΄'revkom). Inspired by Siberian regionalism and other takes on post-imperial decentralization, the Bolshevik Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov and other regional politicians became the makers of the new region from within. Meanwhile, the legacies of the empire's expansionism, the Bolshevik “new imperialism” in Asia, and the Japanese military presence in the region during the Russian Civil War accompanied the consolidation of the Russian Far East.

‘An Ambiguous Area’: Mongolia in Soviet-Japanese relations in the mid-1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-758
Author(s):  
BRIAN BRIDGES
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Intense Competition ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Japanese Military

AbstractThe Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) became the focus of intense competition between the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1930s, when it was more commonly known as Outer Mongolia. The Soviet Union viewed the MPR as an ideological and strategic ally, and was determined to defend that state against the increasingly adventurist actions of the Japanese military based in northern China. Japanese ambitions to solve the so-called ‘Manmo’ (Manchuria-Mongolia) problem led the Soviets to initiate ever-closer links with the MPR, culminating in the 1936 pact of mutual assistance which was intended to constrain Japanese pressure. Using unpublished Japanese materials as well as Russian and Mongolian sources, this article demonstrates how the Soviet leadership increasingly viewed the MPR as strategically crucial to the defence of the Soviet Far East.

DYNAMICS OF THE GROWTH OF URBAN POPULLATION AND CHANGESIN MIGRATION PROCESSES AT THE TERRITORY OF THE SIBERIAN REGION IN THE 1950-S AND 1970-S

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A.I. TIMOSHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Methods

Population growth in the Siberian region began at the end of the XIX century, during the construction of the Transsiberian railway, which passed through all of Siberia and the far East. Many rural people came to the region from the European part of the Russian Empire. Some settlements to which they arrived became urban settlements in Soviet times. The formation of the urban population continued during the Soviet period, where were significant changes in the dynamics of growth of the urban population of the Siberian region and its social structure. By 1950, in Siberia, the consequences of the Great Patriotic War were largely eliminated. In the Eastern regions of the Soviet Union, the creation of new for the Siberian region industrial sectors continued. As a result of these actions, there was a significant increase in the urban population, which was accompanied by the development of the social processes that was new and important for the State. In Siberia, new cities and workers settlements were built, which later became cities. At new buildings of the Siberian region, at the All-Union Komsomol call, arrived, as a rule, young people, who then had building new enterprises and cities in the region. The autor believes that the migration processes took place due to the development of industrial sectors which was necessary for the region, the construction of completely new for Siberia military-defense enterprises, and the construction of new industrial production facilities. The article uses both General scientific and historical methods, including dialectical, chronological, comparative, as well as other methods and approaches.

scholarly journals Spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis in TASSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
S. V. Chueva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Far Eastern

In the early years of the study of tick-borne encephalitis in the USSR, it was believed that it occurs only in the Far East (hence its name "taiga", "Far Eastern"). Only later were its centers established in the Urals, in Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, and later in the European part of the Soviet Union - in the Latvian, Estonian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian republics.

Contemporary ethno-demographical processes in the regions of Siberia and the Russia’s Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
T.B. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Migration History ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Far Eastern

The article touches upon the changes that happened in the demographical years. Asian Russia – is 77% of the territory of our country and just 25% of its population. Low population density and spotted allocation of population on this extremely tremendous territory are the problems that have been formed historically. In the imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union these problems were solved and the population of eastern regions of the country increased steadily. A demographical switch took place after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The population decreased by 2.2 million people between the population censuses of 1989 and 2010. The shifts in distribution of population and changes in ethnic composition of regions occurred. Despite various development programs, the share of residents of the Russia’s Far East and in general the Far North and the equal-status regions diminished most significantly. The share of the Russians decreased in national republics. In order to study these massive processes a net community of scientists, experts working in the fields of migration, history and ethnology, was established. The community was formed under the scope of the project “Ethno-demographical processes in the Asian Russia: contemporary state, expectations and risks”. The experts work in 12 regions of the Urals federal district (Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and the Chelyabinsk region), the Siberian federal district (the Krasnoyarsk territory, the Republic of Altai, the Omsk and Novosibirsk regions) and the Far-Eastern federal district (The Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of the Sakha (Yakutia), the Khabarovsk territory, the Primorsk territory, the Chukotka autonomous district). Sociological surveys of population, including students, were held in every region in 2020. The surveys were based on the common program. Migration situation, causes and grounds of migrations were evaluated. It seems to be important to analyze ethno-demographical processes at the point of holding the Russian Census.

Perception of the East and the tasks of Far Eastern policy of Russia in the views of V.N. Kokovtsov and P.A. Stolypin

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Valery Vladimirovich Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Far East ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
The Far East ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern

Activity of V.N. Kokovtsov and P.A. Stolypin, associated with the situation of Russia in the Far East after the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, was held in the conditions of the need to solve the tasks of restoring the fighting capacity of the Russian army, improving the defense capability of the Far East and integrating this region within the empire. Under these conditions, the understanding of the importance of supporting the eastern regions of the Russian Empire was expressed, in which there was great potential for socio-economic development, while recognizing the need to avoid military clashes in Asia. V.N. Kokovtsov was involved in the Far Eastern and became Wittes successor as finance minister, since this ministry continued to play a decisive role in Eastern politics. Witte focused on the development of external relations between Russia and the Asian states and the desire to strengthen Russias influence in the Far Eastern region, and then the eastern policy after the Russo-Japanese War was more oriented toward the development of the eastern territories of Russia. With the growing awareness of the importance of the internal eastern regions of Russia, the negative attitude towards the eastern states with which Russia bordered was strengthened. In general, the governments program for the economic development of the Far East gave impetus to the development of the region.

SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SOVIET UNION TIMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX: THE IDEA BEHIND THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Ivan V. ZYKIN
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Regions

During the years of Soviet power, principal changes took place in the country’s wood industry, including in spatial layout development. Having the large-scale crisis in the industry in the late 1980s — 2000s and the positive changes in its functioning in recent years and the development of an industry strategy, it becomes relevant to analyze the experience of planning the spatial layout of the wood industry during the period of Stalin’s modernization, particularly during the first five-year plan. The aim of the article is to analyze the reason behind spatial layout of the Soviet wood industry during the implementation of the first five-year plan. The study is based on the modernization concept. In our research we conducted mapping of the wood industry by region as well as of planned construction of the industry facilities. It was revealed that the discussion and development of an industrialization project by the Soviet Union party-state and planning agencies in the second half of the 1920s led to increased attention to the wood industry. The sector, which enterprises were concentrated mainly in the north-west, west and central regions of the country, was set the task of increasing the volume of harvesting, export of wood and production to meet the domestic needs and the export needs of wood resources and materials. Due to weak level of development of the wood industry, the scale of these tasks required restructuring of the branch, its inclusion to the centralized economic system, the direction of large capital investments to the development of new forest areas and the construction of enterprises. It was concluded that according to the first five-year plan, the priority principles for the spatial development of the wood industry were the approach of production to forests and seaports, intrasectoral and intersectoral combining. The framework of the industry was meant to strengthen and expand by including forests to the economic turnover and building new enterprises in the European North and the Urals, where the main capital investments were sent, as well as in the Vyatka region, Transcaucasia, Siberia and the Far East.

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