scholarly journals Regionalisms and Imperialisms in the Making of the Russian Far East, 1903–1926

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357
Author(s):  
Ivan Sablin ◽  
Daniel Sukhan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Asia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Tracing the emergence of the Russian Far East as a new region of the Russian Empire, revolutionary Russia, and the Soviet Union through regionalist and imperialist discourses and policies, this article briefly discusses Russian expansion in the Pacific littoral, outlines the history of regionalism in North Asia during the revolutionary and early Soviet periods, and focuses on the activities of the Far Eastern Council of People's Commissars (Dal΄sovnarkom), the Far Eastern Republic (FER), and the Far Eastern Revolutionary Committee (Dal΄'revkom). Inspired by Siberian regionalism and other takes on post-imperial decentralization, the Bolshevik Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov and other regional politicians became the makers of the new region from within. Meanwhile, the legacies of the empire's expansionism, the Bolshevik “new imperialism” in Asia, and the Japanese military presence in the region during the Russian Civil War accompanied the consolidation of the Russian Far East.

scholarly journals Depopulation of the Russian far East. Magadan Oblast: A Case Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wites
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Magadan Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Lower Lever ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Russian Far East

Abstract The paper presents spatial differentiation and causes of depopulation processes that began in Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East after the fall of the Soviet Union. In the region under investigation, depopulation is very intensive. The analysis of changes in population in the lower-lever administrative units allows for showing the differences in spatial distribution of depopulation in individual regions [“rayons”]. During the research surveys, allowing for a fuller understanding of the conditions and the process of depopulation, were conducted.

Democracy in the Russian Far East during the Revolution of 1905–1907

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 449-475
Author(s):  
Ivan Sablin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Asia ◽  
The Russian Far East

The First Russian Revolution demonstrated that there was considerable interest in democracy in the Transbaikal, Amur, and Maritime Regions in 1905–1907, which was widely shared across the empire and in East Asia. Democracy was understood as economic welfare, social justice, civil liberties, popular representation, decentralization, and national self-determination. Like elsewhere in the empire, protests started with economic demands, but many trade and professional political unions, strike committees, and soviets developed political programs. In Vladivostok, unrests among soldiers and sailors erupted into major riots with numerous casualties in October 1905, despite the attempts of Military Doctor Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kudrzhinskii and other intellectuals to make the movement peaceful. In Blagoveshchensk, the Amur Cossack teacher Mikhail Nikitich Astaf’ev joined a group of intellectuals who attempted to turn the municipal duma into a provisional government. In Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, Doctor Nikolai Vasil’evich Kirilov presided over the founding congress of the Ussuri Peasant Union, which discussed the introduction of rural revolutionary self-government. In Chita, Social Democrats under Anton Antonovich Kostiushko-Voliuzhanich took over much of the Transbaikal Railway. Tsyben Zhamtsarano and other Buryat intellectuals assembled for congresses demanding indigenous self-government. The recognition of these territories as the Russian Far East had already begun, but the loosely united Transbaikal, Maritime, and Amur Regions remained part of Siberia or North Asia for contemporary observers. The unity of Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific was reinforced by Siberian Regionalism which attracted the support of regional liberals and moderate socialists and consolidated through joint activities of Siberian deputies.

Exceptional Subjects: Koreans, Settler Colonialism, and Imperial Subjecthood in the Russian Far East, 1860s–1917

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sergey Glebov
Keyword(s):  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Abstract This article traces debates and policies of the Russian imperial administrators toward the Korean population in the Far Eastern provinces of the Russian Empire. Koreans were initially treated as de facto members of the peasant estate, and in the 1890s many were granted the status of Russian subjects. Yet the rise of settler colonialism and a nationalizing empire from the 1880s, and especially after the Russian revolution of 1905, complicated the issue of Korean subjecthood and led to policies that excluded Koreans from the regulations normally applicable to peasants, such as the right to increased land allotments. At the same time, the neotraditionalist approach to the management of difference in the empire was still present in the 1910s, albeit never clearly articulated to compete with the nationalizing idiom.

Voices of Hunters on Socialist Modernisation: From a Case Study of the Udehe in the Russian Far East

Inner Asia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
Shiro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
Hunting Culture ◽  
The Russian Far East

AbstractIn this paper I discuss how different the socialist modernisation of the equipment and techniques of indigenous hunters in Siberia and the Russian Far East was from the 'snowmobile revolution' in Finland and Alaska, and what the results of this modernisation were. In this discussion I analyse hunters' performance and narratives observed and collected in my field research on the hunting culture of the Udehe, one of the indigenous minorities in the Primor'e region in Russia. As a result, I conclude that socialist modernisation had delocalised the fundamental materials for hunting activities such as fuel, equipment for transportation and weapons. However, the serious techno-economic differentiation that had been observed in the case of the Saami in Finland seldom occurred among the indigenous hunters, because socialist egalitarian policies and standardisation of products often provided equal access to the modernised equipment. Especially in the case of the Bikin River basin, where I did my field research, differentiation between the Russian and indigenous hunters was not observed. However, the delocalisation of the fundamental equipment and materials thoroughly deprived them of the alternatives that consisted of the more traditional and pre-modern equipment and techniques. This factor seriously influenced their social and economic conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals The Korean diaspora in the USSR in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
N.A. Potapova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Korean Diaspora ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Far Eastern

The article is devoted to the so-called Korean problem in the Soviet Union and ways to find ways to solve it. The Bolsheviks inherited from the Russian Empire the unresolved issue of active settlement of the Far East by Koreans. The migration from Japanese Korea was massive and uncontrolled. Unlike the Chinese, who settled all over the Soviet Union, Koreans settled compactly in the far eastern region. According to the 1937 census, the diaspora in the USSR numbered about 200,000 people. Since the 1920s, the Bolshevik government has attempted to solve the Korean question in the country, including repression of the diaspora. However, the Bolsheviks resorted to drastic and decisive measures in the 1930s. At this time, persecution of the Korean population increased. The main reason for persecution was the desire of the Bolshevik government to rid the country of «unreliable» and «dangerous» elements. The repression of Koreans in the 1930s can be divided into two stages. The first stage covers the period from the beginning of the new decade to the summer of 1937. This period is characterized by sporadic arrests of the Korean population, with the peak of persecution being in 1931- 1932 due to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and, consequently, a new wave of the Korean population emerged in the Soviet Far East. The Japanese military threat was the main reason for the Bolshevik government to look for foreign spies and agents in the USSR, and the population living in territories occupied by Japan and ending up in the Soviet Union were charged with Japanese espionage. The Koreans therefore became a category of the so-called fifth column. The targeted repressions in the first half of the 1930s were replaced by mass punitive actions in the second half of the 1930s, which reached their peak in 1937-1938. The repression of Koreans in 1937- 1938 comprised conditionally two punitive campaigns. The first campaign was the deportation of far eastern Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The second was the arrests and convictions of the Korean population during the period of the Great Terror as part of the mass operations of the NKVD (The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ), particularly the «Harbin» operation. Before 1937-1938, arrests and convictions of Koreans ranged in the hundreds. Thus, for example, in 1933 213 persons were convicted of espionage, in 1934 - 104, in 1935 - 200. During the period of the Big Terror only under the order No.00593 there were convicted about 5 thousand Koreans.

scholarly journals Soviet federalism from below: The Soviet Republics of Odessa and the Russian Far East, 1917–1918

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Tanja Penter ◽  
Ivan Sablin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Self ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
The Russian Far East

In early 1918, the Bolshevik-dominated Third Congress of Soviets declared the formation of a new composite polity—the Soviet Russian Republic. The congress’s resolutions, however, simultaneously proclaimed a federation of national republics and a federation of soviets. The latter seemed to recognize regionalism and localism as organizing principles on par with nationalism and to legitimize the self-proclaimed Soviet republics across the former Russian Empire. The current article compared two such non-national Soviet republics, those in Odessa and the Russian Far East. The two republics had similar roots in the discourses and practices of the Russian Empire, such as economic and de facto administrative autonomy. They also took similar organizational forms, were run by coalitions, and opposed their own inclusion into larger national and regional formations in Ukraine and Siberia. At the same time, both of the Soviet governments functioned as ad hoc committees and adapted their institutional designs and practices to the concrete—and very different—social and international conditions in the two peripheries. The focus of the Odessa and Far Eastern authorities on specific problems and their embeddedness in the peculiar contexts reflected the very idea of federalism as governance based on decentralization and nuance but contradicted the party-based centralization and the exclusivity of the ethno-national federalism in the consolidated Soviet state.

scholarly journals The History of the Russian Far East during the Late Imperial Period in the Works of English- and German-language Researchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-898
Author(s):  
D. A. Anan'eva
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
German Language ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Far East

The Russian Far East saw rapid development in the latter half of XIX – early XX centuries. The Eastern periphery of the Russian Empire attracted attention of foreign scientists. The objective of the present research was to analyze works published by American, British, and German researchers in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries and devoted to the "late Imperial" history of the Russian Far East. Since the very first foreign publications on the history of accession of the Amur and Primorye regions, foreign studies focused not only on Russia’s foreign policy and military aspects of its eastward expansion but also on the geographical, demographic, social, and economic factors of the colonization. In the late XX century, Western publications featured mostly intercultural, inter-ethnic, and sociocultural problems, as well as ideological aspects of state policy and the changing image of the Russian Far East. English- and German-language scholars offered a great variety of concepts; however, two main trends stood out quite clearly. Most researchers emphasized the impact of the geopolitical context and the role of Russia’s expansionist policy, as the country fought for power in the Pacific Rim. However, some authors acknowledged Russia's objective necessity to strengthen its position on the Pacific coast, protect its Far Eastern territories, and develop their economy.

Tax debt as a threat to the economic security of the Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
V.A. Yakimova ◽  
A.A. Orekhova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Subject. The article addresses the tax liabilities of taxpayers registered in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which should be paid to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation, as well as the factors of the said debt growth. Objectives. Our aim is to assess the level of tax debt of regions of the Russian Far East and identify the correlation between the factors and the amount of tax debt. Methods. The study rests on methods of analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, and the correlation and regression analysis. Results. We analyzed the level of tax debt for the entire Far Eastern Federal District and by region, identified factors affecting the growth of tax debt therein. The paper assesses the structure of tax debt by type of taxes and activity of debtors. The unveiled factors may help control changes in the size of tax debt in the Russian Far East and develop effective measures to improve the debt collection. Conclusions. The study shows that there is an increase in the tax debt in the regions of the Russian Far East, in the VAT in particular. The factor analysis revealed that the volume of sales of wholesale enterprises, investment in fixed capital, the consumer price index have the largest impact on the amount of tax debt.

The Russian Far East: from a depressed region to the territory of the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia. It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.

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