scholarly journals Mathematical support for railway emergency response

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
B.С. Akhmetov ◽  
◽  
M.H. Shalabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Operational Decisions ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Way

The current regulations provide a procedure for notification of the occurrence of railway emergencies, but do not define a procedure for responding to such situations. This can be explained by the fact that such situations are very diverse in nature and scale, as well as in the way they are handled. However, the more urgent is the need for a certain classification, typification of ways to respond to them. In connection with the above, the article shows that in the event of occurrence of WD AS, the head of the operational headquarters in complex conditions of lack of complete and sufficient information on cause-and-effect relations between components of such a situation should take a certain number of individual, collegial, information, organizational, operational decisions aimed at coordination, coordination and management of subordinate control points and response units, which may exceed his ability to make such decisions and / or influence their validity.

Narrow Versus Comprehensive Justification in Humanitarian Aid: A Case Study of the CERF

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brown
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Equal Concern ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides a more comprehensive justification of the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) by supplementing conventional justifications with one of two fundamental principles of global morality: the Principle of Global Minimal Concern and Respect or the Principle of Global Equal Concern and Respect. Although CERF only accounts for around 4 per cent of total annual humanitarian funding, it represents a significant innovation in the way humanitarian aid is financed. The CERF is a standing fund of $500 million annually that can be called upon by UN frontline agencies and partner organisations to tackle humanitarian emergencies. While it is widely agreed that the CERF has made advances toward the objectives of timeliness, predictability and equity in emergency relief, questions remain unanswered about these objectives.

Fruit Fly Fighters

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Cantrell ◽  
Blair Chadwick ◽  
Anna Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Technical Achievement

The campaign to eradicate the papaya fruit fly from north Queensland has been widely acknowledged by international scientists as a significant technical achievement that equals any similar control program world-wide. Fruit Fly Fighters is a highly readable and practical account of the whole campaign from 1995 when the papaya fruit fly was first discovered until 1999 when eradication was formally declared. Key aspects covered include: The emergency response; Campaign management; The growers' perspective; Monitoring, eradication, data management; quarantine, traffic control points; market access for fruit from infected areas; public relations; and research and development. The operating manuals and other reports are in a CD-ROM that accompanies this book.

Financial Cross-Ownership and Information Dissemination in a Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Aviv ◽  
Noam Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Operational Decisions ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Cross Ownership ◽  
The Way

Problem definition: We examine the effect of financial cross-ownership—a situation in which a retailer holds stocks in a competitor—on two crucial operational decisions in a supply chain with competing retailers sourcing from a single supplier: information acquisition and production output. Academic/practical relevance: Financial interconnectedness between competing retailers raises fundamental questions regarding the way information is managed in such markets and the way it affects consumer welfare. Thus, in addition to the relevance to operations management scholars, this subject is of potential interest to policy makers and regulators. Although financial cross-ownership has mainly been unchallenged by regulators, the European Commission has recently called for a deeper understanding of the competitive aspects of this investment tool. Methodology: We develop a game-theoretic model, in which we analyze a supply chain comprised of an incumbent retailer holding stocks in an entrant and both retailers source from a mutual supplier. The incumbent can obtain costless demand information, and the supplier decides whether to leak this information if it is available to him or her. Results: We demonstrate that holding stocks in a rival better aligns the incentives of the rival retailers and results in a lower competition level during the production stage. However, financial cross-ownership can also result in an increased incentive for information acquisition, even when the information is later leaked to the entrant. The acquisition of information benefits not only the retailers but can also make the consumers better off. Managerial implications: Our work contributes to the heated policy debate regarding the competitive effects of financial cross-ownership. In addition, we are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to study the way financial cross-ownership affects operational decisions. Specifically, we show that financial cross-ownership provides incentives to acquire demand information even under the threat of information leakage.

A Risk Approach for Distribution Pipeline Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mihell ◽  
Chad Augustine ◽  
Zaheed Hasham ◽  
Keith Leewis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Way ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Unlike the circumstance associated with transmission pipelines, where variables that are attributes of risk are typically widely available in GIS systems or in other databases that are geo-referenced to linear assets, risk data for distribution systems are not typically linearly referenced to what is essentially a network system. Therefore the manner in which risk is calculated and displayed for distribution systems must differ significantly from the way these functions are performed on transmission pipelines. In distribution systems, failure (defined as the loss of containment) and the contributors to the likelihood of failure, is often highly correlated to system-specific circumstances, such as type of material used, installation era, and operating environment. These correlations between cause-and-effect as they relate to failure likelihood in distribution systems are not widely recognized on a universal basis, such as they might be in transmission pipeline environments, but are typically unique to each operating system. Because system data for distribution networks is not typically available in a manner that can be linearly geo-referenced to pipeline coordinates the way it is for transmission systems, the convention of mapping risk to pipeline dynamic segments as a function of risk attributes that exist within those dynamic segments is not achievable for distribution systems the way that it is for transmission systems. Therefore, the most effective strategy for performing risk assessments in distribution systems is to create a database in which existing incident data can be correlated to system attributes, and then to use those correlations to create cause-and-effect relationships between system attributes and failure likelihood. Consequences are characterized in terms of the operating environment (e.g., wall-to-wall, residential, etc.), leak magnitude, type of facility (mains vs. service lines), and special mitigating or exacerbating factors, such as availability of excess flow valves, or the presence of inside meters. A risk assessment methodology has been developed that accommodates the above constraints and that meets the stated objectives, and which is well-suited to the distribution system data infrastructure that is typical of most operators. Because the risk assessment approach leverages existing databases and incident reporting structures, it lends itself to automation, and re-evaluation on a regular basis. Reporting is facilitated by a ‘heat map’, which provides immediate insight as to the drivers of risk for each system sub-group having similar design, materials, and operating characteristics.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship as An Agent for Social-Ethical Reform: An Islamic Perspective

ICR Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Amana Raquib ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Islamic Business Ethics ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way

This paper argues that the various contemporary crises are both the cause and effect of contemporary consumer culture, which tends to create artificial needs by marketing unneeded products and services as elements of identity and self-image. Thus, Muslim intellectuals and entrepreneurs need to join hands towards a holistic appraisal and design of an Islamic business ethics. However, the way Muslim entrepreneurs learn and teach business currently, does not encourage a sense of responsibility towards finding solutions. Many Muslim entrepreneurs are unaware either of the extent, nature and magnitude of the crises resulting from overconsumption, or of the Islamic religio-ethicospiritual perspective and guidance. Thus presently, Muslim-run businesses constitute part of the problem rather than solutions. To act as agents for reform, Muslim entrepreneurs a deeper understanding of the rich repository of Islamic beliefs, concepts and practices that need to be revived within the societies through their business models and practices.

Exploring the blurred nature of strategic linkages across the BSC

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Francioli ◽  
Lino Cinquini
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The research aims at addressing the way in which linkages based on qualitative causality could be preferred in designing a balanced scorecard (BSC), by applying a cost-benefit judgment with respect to the complexity of defining strong, statistically reliable cause-and-effect relations among performance measures. Design/methodology/approach – The authors review the way in which cause-and-effect relations across the BSC have been developed based on a case study of BSC implemented in an Italian bank collecting data by in-depth interviews and company’s internal archives. Findings – The research reveals how the ambiguity, or “blurred nature”, of strategic linkages is recognized in the empirical setting of an bank, facing a highly uncertain and complex environment and how the orthodox tools of strategy maps and explicit cause-and-effect linkages prescribed by the theoretical literature are avoided by the human actors. Despite these omissions, the BSC is nevertheless effective. As the case shows, it generated a “democracy” where individuals and departments communicate, commit and collaborate in an effort to implement strategy. The research also shows the role of the BSC in heightening the importance and awareness of performance evaluation among the actors. Practical implications – The research provides practitioners with insights into how to design and manage cause-and-effect relationships in BSC. In particular, evidence is provided that finality linkages in BSC may be successful in use and predictive capabilities, according with expectations and purposes of the organization’s “climate of control”, in a context in which the cost-benefit philosophy in implementing BSC is followed. Originality/value – The paper addresses an issue of practical relevance in the implementation of BSC showing a discrepancy between theoretical and practical meaning of causality. Besides the research highlights, the extent to which linkages across the BSC perspectives (and related measures and variables) can only be based on individual assumptions about the means to an end and based on qualitative assertions (finality).

scholarly journals I.—The Chalk of Antrim

1868 ◽  
Vol 5 (50) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beete Jukes
Keyword(s):  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Way

Most geologists are aware that the Chalk of Antrim, although full of flints and fossils like those in the English Chalk, is a hard splintery limestone, known here as the “White Limestone.” Its induration is often attributed to the action of the basaltic covering which spreads over it, and the coincidence of the two things is certainly remarkable; but I think I can now show that they are not connected in the way of cause and effect.

Concerning Natural Religion

1911 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-476
Author(s):  
W. W. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Recent Issue ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

In present theological conditions, one who is called upon to discourse concerning “natural religion as it is commonly called and understood by divines and learned men” finds himself embarrassed at the outset by the difficulty of defining his subject in accordance with the requirement, since the term is variously understood by “divines and learned men.” In a recent issue of the Harvard Theological Review Professor Knight of Tufts College described three specific uses of the correlative terms “nature” and “supernatural,” each of which, moreover, comprises many subordinate varieties. The late Dr. C. C. Everett, to whom, by the way, Professor Knight does not refer, defined the natural as “the universe considered as a composite whole,” the world of cause and effect, one might say, in which the laws of Haeckel's “Substance” prevail, or the natura naturata of Spinoza, and the supernatural as the non-composite unity, Spinoza's natura naturans, which manifests itself in and through the natural. If this use be accepted, and with it Dr. Everett's definition of religion corresponding to the stage in the development of the discussion where the terms first appear, namely, as “feeling towards the supernatural,” it is difficult to find any meaning for the term natural religion save as it may denote religion awakened by contemplation of nature. Otherwise, it becomes a contradiction in terms, the adjective cancelling the noun or vice versa. In substantial agreement with these definitions is the habit of regarding the supernatural as covering the realm of free personality, both human and divine, while the world of things, in which law uniformly and inexorably rules, is styled nature. Here too, since religion resides in personality and, at least among those who employ this terminology, involves a relation to personality, natural religion becomes meaningless.

scholarly journals PLOT, STORY, COMPOSITION IN THE EMOTIVE TEXT OF POETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
S. V. Коlyadko
Keyword(s):  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Strict Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Poetic Work ◽  
The Way ◽  
Verse Structure

In the article there is an attempt to enter emotion in the structure of work, namely to look at its action at the level of plot and composition. It becomes firmly established that an emotion is just the way to create a plot. The poetic work consists of emotional events, each of which has its own dominant emotion. Motion of these emotions forms composition of a plot. A thesis is grounded that emotional events, incorporated by a general emotion, express certain emotive topics that predetermine as a whole the development of a plot. Emotions are a part of poetic text, emotions determine its emotionality and serve as material for revealing of the emotions in a plot. It is noted that Maksim Tank gives preference to his anecdotal works where a little story is present and where elements of plot – emotive topics – are linked by a cause-and-effect relationship. But Yauheniya Yanishchyts avoids a strict efficiency of verse structure, she prefers to leave emotions and feelings free. 

scholarly journals The spiral structure of Marshall McLuhan’s thinking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabella Pruska Oldenhof ◽  
Robert K. Logan Logan
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Structure ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Wyndham Lewis ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

We examine the spiral structure of the thinking and the work of Marshall McLuhan, which we believe will provide a new way of viewing McLuhan’s work. In particular, we believe that the way he reversed figure and ground, reversed content and medium, reversed cause and effect, and the relationship he established between the content of a new medium and the older media it obsolesced all contain a spiral structure going back and forth in time. Finally, the time structure of his Laws of Media in which a new medium obsolesced an older medium, while retrieving an even older medium and then when pushed far enough flipped into a still newer medium has the feeling of a spiral. We will also examine the spiral structure of the thinking and work of those thinkers and artists that most influenced McLuhan such as Vico, Hegel, Marx, Freud, Joyce, TS Eliot, Wyndham Lewis and the Vorticism movement. Keywords: spiral; McLuhan; reversal; figure/ground; Laws of Media; media; environment/anti-environment; cause; effect

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