scholarly journals Blended Amendments: A Sustainable Approach for Managing Nutrient Deficiency in Rice Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Madhumita Ghosh Datta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Available Nitrogen

The application of chemical fertilizer provides absorbable soluble macronutrients for increasing rice yield while reducing the availability of micronutrients and occasionally halting nitrogen mineralisation in the soil. To lessen some of these undesirable effects of chemical fertilization, an effort has been made to prepare blended soil organic amendments by mixing organic materials like rice straw, dried cow-dung and compost prepared from eco-friendly wastes from the kitchen, backyard garden and dried cow-dung mixed in the ratio 1:2:2. Such prepared amendments were applied in the rice field by growing three high-yielding rice cultivars Dikhow, Chandrama and Naveen, in three different rice cropping seasons, pre-monsoon (Ahu), monsoon (Sali) and summer (Boro) during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 for studying soil properties, crop growth and yield. The key finding of the investigation was that the soil amended with chemical fertilizer showed improvement in soil moisture compared to unamended soil in all three rice fields. However, chemically fertilized soil exhibited lower amounts of available phosphorus, available potassium, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracted iron and copper in Ahu field, DTPA extracted iron, copper and zinc in Sali field and immobilizing nitrogen in Boro field than blended amendments. Overall, chemical fertilizer + rice straw displayed more available nitrogen and yield in Ahu field, whereas, chemical fertilizer + dried cow dung showed the highest amount of zinc and copper along with the highest yield in Sali rice field and chemical fertilizer+compost had better moisture and soil organic carbon amounts with an ideal acidic pH supporting maximum yield in Boro rice field.

scholarly journals Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Beverage Sludge to Reduce Environmental Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Hasanath ◽  
Ganesh Chandra Saha ◽  
Md. Siddique Alam ◽  
Md. Nashir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Abstract Wastewater generation from beverage industries is on the rise as the demand and consumption surge worldwide. The typical ingredients of beverages are carbonated water, saccharides, sweetener, fruit pulp, flavoring agent, color, preservatives, and salts. Only 20% concentration of the mixture goes to the bottle and the remaining becomes wastewater. However, nutrients and organics remain in wastewater and are left in sludge after going through ETP. The presence of these nutrients makes the beverage sludge useful for the cultivation that can not only decrease the application of chemical fertilizers but also combat the environmental pollution. Indian spinach and Okra have been cultivated in six different mixtures containing beverage sludge and soil to study their effects on growth, yield, food value and nutrient. Soil nutrients, organic content, EC, and pH have been analyzed to assess the suitability of sludge for cultivation. The control treatment was designed by 100% soil and gradually 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% soil were replaced by beverage sludge in other treatments. The maximum growth of Indian Spinach and Okra was observed 120% and 125% higher at 38 days after sowing on the treatment of 80% sludge and 20% soil compared to the control treatment. Similarly, the maximum yield of Indian spinach and Okra was computed to be nine and two times higher than the control on the same treatment. Food values (ascorbic acid, β- carotene, and protein) and nutrients (Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P and Zn) were found to increase with the increasing amount of beverage sludge while those satisfy the standards of USDA. Without using any kind of fertilizer in low grade soil, the beverage sludge has shown the potentiality in both growth and yield. It turns out that beverage sludge can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer with an optimum amount of 80%.

scholarly journals Vermicompost and cow dung admixture increases rhizosphere bacterial population and promotes rapid physiological maturity in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chatterjeea ◽  
Paramita Mandala ◽  
Sudipto Mandal ◽  
Soumendranath Chatterjeec
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact

Incessant application of chemical fertilizers to the agricultural fields may alter the composition and activities of soil microbiota. Thus, the shift of cultivation practices from chemical to organic is considered to be the need of the hour in order to maintain soil health. A study was conducted in the agricultural fields of the University of Burdwan, India to observe the impact of organic manure on rhizosphere bacterial community. The experiments were conducted on maize plants, supplemented with the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and organic manure (vermicompost and cow dung mixture). Corresponding changes in the plant phenological events and soil health in terms of soil physico-chemical factors and rhizosphere bacterial groups up to the level of CFU g-1× 105 dry soil were noted.The results showed a significant increase in population of nitrifying bacteria, asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and protein hydrolysing bacteria in the organically treated plots. Moreover, the organic manure increases the bacterial population of rhizosphere, which in turn has a positive impact on maize growth and yield. The growth of the three groups of bacteria was attributed to the type of organic manure supplied to the agricultural fields.In addition, strong correlation was observed between Zn and protein hydrolysing bacteria. The soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were strongly correlated with nitrifying, fat solubilizing and phosphate solubilizing groups of bacteria.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dosis Herbisida Ethoxysulfuron 15 WG Terhadap Gulma, Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Varietas Ciherang

Agrologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedi Widayat ◽  
Dani Riswandi ◽  
Aty Fujiaty Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ludwigia Adscendens

Weeds in rice fields decrease the quantity and quality of yield. One of the methods used to control weeds is chemical herbicide. The objective of this research was to find out the effective dosages of herbicide Ethoxysulfuron 15 WG on weeds growth as well as growth and yield of rice plants var. Ciherang. This experiment was used Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and four replication. The Ethoxysulfuron doses trated to rice field  6 g/ha,  9 g/ha, 12 g/ha, 15 g/ha and 18 g/ha. The two control treatments were  mechanical weeding, and without weeding and herbicide. The experimental result showed that Ethoxusylfuron herbicide with the dosage of 9 g/ha could suppress the growth of weed Ludwigia adscendens, Ludwigia perrenis, Fimbristylis miliacea,other weeds, and total weeds and give a good impact on yield of rice plants.

scholarly journals The Influence of Vermicomposting Technology on Solubility of Eppawala Rock Phosphate

CORD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Low Solubility

The application of Eppawala Rock Phosphate (ERP) could be an economic alternative to the use of imported phosphorus fertilizer for certain annual as well as perennial crops like coconut in acid soils. But, its low solubility limits direct application. For Vermicomposting technology, which is a biodegradation process of plant and animal waste materials through earthworms, has been tested for increasing the solubility of ERP. Fresh Gliricidia leaves, fresh cow dung and grasses were mixed 1:2:1 ratio as the basic composting mixture and ERP was mixed at the ratio of 10% and 20% to the composting materials. Forty numbers of earthworms were added to each of the plastic containers with the composting mixture, having five replicates per treatment.                Addition of ERP in to mixture showed no effect on the multiplication rate of earth worms.  The nutrient availability of compost was measured with time and compared with the control (T1). Each treatment had the similar amount of nitrogen in the system and that indicates the addition of rock phosphate has a minimal effect or no effect on conversion or losses of available nitrogen.  Addition of ERP increased the availability of phosphorus and it was significantly higher in T4 and T3 than other treatments.  Available phosphorus value was significantly increased from 4% (T5 and T6) to 9 % in T3 and T4 treatments. Total potassium content decreased in all treatments compare with control.  Therefore, vermicomposting can be utilized to increase the solubility of ERP while increasing the available phosphorus in the end product.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER WITH AND WITHOUT COW DUNG ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L) IN DIGIL-MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Mohammed D. Toungos
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference

The research, optimizing nitrogenous fertilizer with and without cow dung on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Digil-Mubi, Adamawa state, Nigeria, was conducted in Farm and skills acquisition center  Digil -Mubi, to determine the effects of nitrogenous fertilizer with and without cow dung on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the area. Seeds of maize was obtained from the open market in Mubi. Complete randomized design (CRD) was used and replicated three times. The trials were conducted during the 2018 cropping season at Digil - Mubi, Mubi Local Government, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Located in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Digil - Mubi is situated between latitude 100 10’’ and 100 30’’ North of the Equator and between longitude 130 10 and 130 30’’ E of the Greenwich meridian and at an altitude of 696 m above mean sea level (MSL). The results obtained, showed that, there were significant differences at P< 0.05 in terms of yield between treatment two (30Kg N + 0 tone cow dung and 60Kg N + 5 ton cow dung. But there were no significant difference at P< 0.05 in terms of yield between 90Kg N + 5 tones cow dung and 120Kg N + 5 tones cow dung. However, luxuriant growth was observed in 120Kg N + 5 tones cow dung than the 90Kg N + 5 tones cow dung.  Similarly, there were no significant difference in yield in the control plot ( 0Kg N + 0 tone cow dung) and 30Kg N + 0 tone cow dung.  But the growth performance varies based on the treatment’s combinations. The results obtained from this study showed that, combined application of nitrogen and cow dung in Digil Locality resulted in higher growth, yield and changes in some soil chemical properties than sole application of each nutrient source in the study area. The results also reveals that, the application of  90Kg N + 5 tones of cow dung gave the highest yield of 2,928Kg/ha-1 while  120Kg N + 5 tones of cow dung gave the highest vegetative yield. The lowest grain of 1,796Kg-1 was obtained at  30Kg N + 0 tone of cow dung. The application of 90Kg N + 5 tones of cow dung is therefore recommended in Digil – Mubi and it surroundings for maximum yield and maintenance of soil fertility level in the area.  

scholarly journals Role and perspective of Azotobacter in crops production

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin ◽  
Suman Samanta ◽  
Saon Banerjee ◽  
Sarita Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Available Nitrogen

<p>Low nitrogen content in soil is usually overcome by chemical fertilization. After long application period, high-dose and intensive use of N fertilizers can cause ammonia volatilization and nitrates accumulation in soil. In sustainable agriculture, the use of bacterial inoculant integrated with nutrient management system has a role in soil health and productivity. Azotobacter-based biofertilizer is suggested as a chemical nitrogen fertilizer substitute or addition in crop production to improve available nutrients in the soil, provide some metabolites during plant growth, and minimize fertilizer doses. The objective of this literature reviewed paper is to discuss the role of Azotobacter in agriculture; and the prospective of Azotobacter to increase yield and substitute the chemical fertilizer in food crops production. The results revealed that mechanisms by Azotobacter in plant growth enhancement are as biofertilizer, biostimulant, and bioprotectant. Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter is the mechanism to provide available nitrogen for uptake by roots. Azotobacter stimulates plant growth through phytohormones synthesis; indole acetic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellins are detected in the liquid culture of Azotobacter. An indirect effect of Azotobacter is exopolysaccharide production and plant protection. Inoculation of Azotobacter in the field integrated with organic matter and reduced chemical fertilizer are reported to improve plant growth and yield.</p>

scholarly journals Integration of Allelopathic Crop Residues and NPK Fertilizer to Mitigate Residue-Phytotoxicity, Improve Soil Fertility and Wheat Growth under Different Moisture Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. FAROOQ ◽  
M. IQBAL ◽  
Z.A. ZAHIR ◽  
M. FAROOQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

ABSTRACT: Phytotoxic effects of allelopathic crop residues are important to trickle for their use as a source of organic amendments to improve soil fertility. In present study, through pots and two year field studies, we examined the integrated effect of allelopathic residues and NPK fertilizer treatments including T0 (control), T1 (200-150-100 kg NPK ha 1), T2 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + mung bean straw 4 t ha-1), T3 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + rice straw 4 t ha-1), T4 (mung bean straw 8 t ha-1) and T5 (rice straw 8 t ha-1) under different water regimes on soil fertility and wheat crop. Solo application of mung bean residue and rice straw caused significant inhibition of various germination and growth traits of wheat while minimal inhibition occurred when allelopathic straws were integrated with NPK fertilizer both under laboratory and field conditions, especially under 14 days of alternate wet/dry cycles. Among fertilizer treatments, mung bean residue caused a greater increase in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus, while there was maximum percent increase in available potassium with T1 (200-150-100 kg NPK ha-1). Maximum increase in grain yield (30% and 33%) was achieved with T2 (100-75-50 kg NPK ha-1 + mung bean straw 4 t ha-1) during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Integration of allelopathic crop residues with inorganic fertilizers and alternate wet/dry cycles can help to reduce the possible phytotoxic effect of allelopathic residues for sustainable wheat production.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Singh ◽  
◽  
Ram Partap ◽  
Amritpal Singh ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Attributes

The experiment was laid out on the effect of nitrogen and zinc on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) at Research Farm of the Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India during kharif (July to October) season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design three replication with eight treatments. The soil of the experimental field was Gangetic alluvial having clay loam texture with pH 7.5. It was moderately fertile, with available nitrogen (285.24 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (26.15 kg ha-1), available potassium (250.84 kg ha-1) and available zinc (1.42 mg kg-1). The maximum growth parameter viz. plant height (cm), LAI (%), dry matter accumulation (g) and the highest yield attributes and yield parameters viz., number of cob-1, length of cob (cm), test weight (g), number of grain cob-1, grain yield (q ha-1), stover yield (q ha-1), biological yield (q ha-1) and harvest index (%) was recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest stage with the application of nitrogen @150 kg ha-1++zinc @30 kg ha-1 which was at par with the treatments namely; nitrogen @150 kg ha-1++zinc @15 kg ha-1 and nitrogen @150 kg ha-1. All the treatments significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes as compared to control. The maximum net returns (` 89977 ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio (1.58) has been recorded with application of nitrogen @150 kg ha-1++zinc @30 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Hasil Tanaman Wortel (Daucus carota L.) di Dataran Rendah pada Berbagai Ketebalan Mulsa Jerami Padi

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Ogy Farenza Ilham ◽  
Jayaputra Jayaputra ◽  
Aluh Nikmatullah ◽  
Bambang Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Field Area

Carrot is one of the vegetables that people like because it has many health benefits related to the content of B vitamins, vitamin C, and other substances, thereby increasing the need or demand, but not in line with the increase in the production of this plant. One of the efforts to increase production is through area expansion, and the lowlands are the target of its development. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of carrots grown in the lowlands by applying rice straw mulch. This research was conducted in a rice field area, in Bagek Polak Village, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara with an altitude of 26 m above sea level in July-October 2020. The field experiment with the experimental method was designed according to a Randomized Block Design with one factor, namely the thickness of rice straw mulch. (m0 = no straw mulch; m1 = 1 layer mulch thickness; m2 = 2 layers mulch thickness; m3 = 3 layers mulch thickness; m4 = 4 layers mulch thickness) was repeated four times so that there were 20 experimental units. The results showed that rice straw mulch had a significant effect on the growth and yield of carrots in the lowlands. The use of 4 layers of rice straw mulch was could increase the growth and yield of carrots by 2647.75 gr/m2 or the equivalent of 21,182 tons/ha. layer; expansion; production; vegetables; tubers

scholarly journals Effect of compost, cow dung and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer on growth and yield performance of Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oseni Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Nigerian Soils ◽  
And Control ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Nigerian soils are generally low in fertility and enhanced crop yield is only possible through external use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The present study was carried out under field condition at Teaching and Research Farms, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu to evaluate effects of compost, cow dung and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer amendments on the growth and yield performances of Amaranthus hybridus. The obtained results indicated that all treatments significantly achieved an increment in morphological parameters (numbers of leaves stem girth, leaf area and plant height) and fresh weight yield comparing with the control. The best results in terms of these characters were obtained in the following order Cow dung > compost > NPK 15-15-15 and control. Post soil analysis shows that all the treatments reduced the soil pH from 6.20 to a range between 5.58-5.68 and available phosphorus, magnesium, organic carbon, total nitrogen and CEC increased significantly compared with control plot. Results suggest that the use of cow dung and composts has potential to improve the growth and yield of amaranth and improves the soil physiochemical properties in the study area.

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