scholarly journals TO STUDY THE FUNCTIONAL AND THE RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF TUBERCULOSIS OF SPINE OPERATED BY POSTERIOR APPROACH.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Thakur ◽  
Rahul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiological Outcome ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Kyphotic Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Tuberculosis Of Spine

Background: Tuberculosis is ubiquitous in distribution. Globally, nearly 30 million people suffer from tuberculosis. 3 million deaths occur due to tuberculosis per year. India has burden of 6 million cases. Of these 1-3% constitutes skeletal system involvement. Methods: The present study included prospective cases of tuberculosis of dorsal and lumbar spine admitted and operated at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla between May 2017 to May 2018 and retrospective patients who have been operated before May 2017. Results: There was improvement from preoperative kyphotic angle to postoperative kyphotic angle and improvement in kyphotic angle as a significant difference less than 0.05 (p value is 0.01). Conclusion: At the end of our study, we concluded that good sagittal balance along with good fusion of the vertebrae leads to better functional outcome in patients. Keywords: Spine, TB, Kyphotic angle.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion between normal delivery and caesarean section

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Sarkar ◽  
Dhruba Prasad Paul ◽  
Jayanta Ray
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Placental

Background: Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes are related to pregnancies spaced too closely together. Objective of present study was to compare the expulsion rate and complications between post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery.Methods: This study was a prospective comparative study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Agartala Government Medical College over 1.5 Years (January 2016-June2017) All cases at term pregnancy delivering by caesarean section and vaginal delivery were divided into two different groups. Sample size of 105 in each group. Subjects recruited from-obstetrics OPD and casualty of Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC) and GB Pant Hospital expulsion rate and complications. Comparative evaluation of Expulsion rate and complications following post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery at the end of six months, one year and one and half year.Results: There was no significant difference in either complications between the two groups (P value-.913) or outcomes (p value-.035). Expulsion rate 18.2% following vaginal delivery compared to those with intracaesarean insertion i.e 3.8%.Conclusions: The complications associated with postplacental Intrauterine device insertion is insignificant, still the awareness, acceptance and continuation are very low. Therefore Information, education Communication activity by the field workers must be enhanced to overcome this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Primary caregivers attitude towards patients with mental illness: a survey study in psychiatric centre, SMS medical college, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Sharma ◽  
Paramjeet Singh ◽  
Himanshu Phulwari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of the present study was to find out the attitudes of primary caregivers towards mental illness. The hypothesis was “there would be a significant difference in the attitude of primary caregivers towards mental illness by people belonging to rural and urban areas.” The sample consists of 50 subjects (25 females and 25 males out of it, 25 were from the rural population & 25 were from the urban population). The age group consists of the participants was from 18 years to 65 years, and their education qualification was not an obligation. Personal data consist of demographic information was also collected. The scale “The Community Attitudes Towards Mental Illness scale (CAMI)” was developed by Taylor and Dear in 1981, was used to assess the attitude towards mental illness of the subjects. For statistical analysis, correlation and student t-test were used for the p-value and to found the differences in the attitudes of primary caregivers. The results showed variances in the primary caregivers’ attitudes between the rural area and the urban area.

scholarly journals Peak expiratory flow rate among smokers and non-smokers working in Kathmandu Medical College

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Preetu Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Cigarette smoking has remained a popular habit since ages. Most people are well aware of the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking yet continue to give a blind eye which dete­riorates overall public health. The purpose of the present study was to assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smoking and nonsmoking staffs who work in Kathmandu Medical College. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was obtained using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter of 108 smokers and 108 nonsmokers in the age group ranging from 25-45 years. Those who never smoked or who have quit smoking for the past 2 years were grouped as nonsmokers and the smokers with history of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day for at least two years were included in the study for measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version16. Student ‘t’ test was used for group comparison. Results: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate value was significantly reduced in the smokers (p value< 0.05). Mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was reduced with increasing age of the smokers. However, no significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked (p value> 0.05). Conclusions: In the study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smokers (367.13 ± 74.182) was lower than nonsmokers (471.39±60.842), which was statistically significant proving that cigarette smok­ing reduced peak expiratory flow rate.

scholarly journals Astigmatic change after pterygium excision with autologous limbal conjunctival graft

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Dikchhya Sharma ◽  
Gunjan Prasai ◽  
Om Krishna Malla
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corneal Scarring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pterygium Excision

Background: Pterygium induces a significant amount of astigmatism. Pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft results in significant reduction in astigmatism by inducing a reversal of pterygium induced corneal flattening thereby improving the vision. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of corneal astigmatism in patients with pterygium before and one month (4 weeks) after surgery.  Methodology: The prospective observational study was conducted in 31 patients who underwent pterygium excision with limbal autograft in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital during the study period of 12 months duration. Patients with recurrent pterygium, pseudopterygium, history of ocular trauma, history of ocular surgery, corneal scarring were excluded from the study. After surgery, patients were followed for four weeks. Findings were recorded in the proforma and statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 19.   Results: Pterygium was seen in all age groups with majority being in the active age range of 41-50 yrs. Females were most commonly affected. Significant difference in corneal astigmatism was noted postoperatively with a p value being 0.01. Conclusion: The technique of pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autograft not only reduces the chances of recurrence but also helps in reducing the induced corneal astigmatism which is responsible for decreased vision in patients with pterygium.

scholarly journals DURATION OF SURGERY OF LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHRECTOMY -AN INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN IGMC, SHIMLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhartendu Nagesh ◽  
D.K Verma ◽  
R S Jhobta ◽  
Sanjiv Sharma ◽  
Mehar Chand
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dense Adhesion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Hydronephrotic Kidney

Background: Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been established as the standard of care for the management of benign non-functioning kidneys and has gained worldwide popularity over the past decade. Methods- This study was conducted in the Department of General surgery, Indira Gandhi medical college, Shimla on 20 selected patients of benign non functional kidney admitted for elective Laparoscopic Nephrectomy between July 2018 to June 2019 Results: In this study, the mean operating time in success full laparoscopic nephrectomies was 103.7 + 20.6 min in lap converted to open it was    165 .7 +26.99 min and in hand-assisted tame taken was 150 min which is statically not significant with p value =0.1317. Conclusion: The mean time taken for completion of laparoscopic nephrectomy in first 4 cases was 105 min and in next 4 cases was 108 min and in last 4 cases it was 97 min there was definitive learning curve as in last 4 cases operating time was less as compared to initial cases but operating time also depends on other factors like in hydronephrotic kidney due to well maintained plane dissection take less time ,but in  pyonephrotic kidney ,tubercular kidney,previously intervension like PCN, there were dense adhesion resulting in more time for disection. Keywords: Laparoscopy, Nephrectomy, Duration of surgery

scholarly journals Comparison of placental grading at different periods of gestation in PIH patients and their outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4747
Author(s):  
Sneha S. ◽  
Sreelatha S. ◽  
Renuka Ramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Biophysical Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The current study follows grannum grading of placenta. It is well known that there is accelerated placental maturation in PIH patients and the ultrasonic appearance of grade 3 placenta before 37 weeks may signify placental dysfunction and is associated with development of low birth weight babies, IUGR meconium stained liquor, low APGAR score. Hence this study was conducted to emphasize on placental grading at different periods of gestation to predict and prevent increased obstetric and fetal compromise and to compare the outcomes.Methods: Obstetric scans were performed in all PIH patients attending antenatal OPD and inpatients at ESIC and PGIMSR medical college, Bangalore to know the placental grading and biophysical profile. These women were followed till their delivery for obstetric and fetal outcomes.Results: Grade 3 placenta is seen in 17 patients in group 1(50%) and 39 patients (59%) in group 2. For statistical analysis grade 1 and 2 were combined and compared with  grade 3. P-value 0.198 which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in age and gravidity between two groups. The medical disorders were more in group 2 i.e., between 37 - 40 weeks. The complications of PIH were also more in group 2. There were more number of LSCS (n=19 versus 14) in 34-36 weeks group which was not statistically significant. Fetal outcomes like IUGR and IUD were more in group 2 which was not statistically significant. The mean birth weight in group 1 was 2 kg as compared to 2.7 kg in group 2. All associated medical disorders were more in group 2.Conclusions: In hypertensive women there is accelerated placental maturation leading to maternal and fetal complications. Hence women with accelerated placental maturity in ultrasound should be closely monitored and appropriately managed. However, we recommend larger randomized studies are necessary.

scholarly journals Equilibration and Increase of Hemoglobin Concentration after One Unit Whole Blood Transfusion among Patients Not Actively Bleeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Hoque ◽  
Sheikh Daud Adnan ◽  
Shanaz Karim ◽  
Mohd Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Subir Nandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: Transfusion is a specialized modality of patient management and lifesaving intervention. The decision to transfuse should be individualized, based on a rational approach and taking into account the hemoglobin value in addition to physiologic variables. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of increase in haemoglobin levels and the rapidity of equilibration after single unit fresh whole blood transfusion in medical inpatients not actively bleeding among the Bangladeshi population.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the periods of July 2012 to June 2013. Total 100 purposively selected admitted patients in the Department of Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) undergone blood transfusion were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were obtained from the clinical records and by face to face interview. Haemoglobin concentration was measured before transfusion, after 6 hours and 24 hours of transfusion using standard laboratory method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPPS Incorporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Comparison between mean values of haemoglobin was compared with student’s t-test and two-sided P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.Results: The mean ±SD of the age of the respondents was 24.17±4.96 years with a range of 19 to 45 years and 90.0% were male and 10.0% were female. Previous blood donation history present in 72.0% respondents and absent in 28.0% respondents. Mean±SD of Hb level before, 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion were 7.64±1.05, 8.03±1.07 and 8.78±1.19 gm/dl respectively. In the present study the mean increase of Hb 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion were 0.39 gm/dl and 1.14 gm/dl respectively. Comparison between mean Hb level of before transfusion with 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion revealed a statistically significant difference. Comparison between mean Hb level at 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion also revealed a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The study revealed slightly more one gram increase of Hb at 24 hours after transfusion of one unit of whole blood among patients not actively bleeding. There is significant difference between Hb level at 6 hours and 24 hours after transfusion.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 161-166

scholarly journals Difference in knowledge and attitude of students towards medical ethics in preclinical and clinical phases of medical course in Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Neelu Hirachan ◽  
Alok Atreya ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Nirmala Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Medical College ◽  
General Physical Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Medical ethics is a core component in the standardization of medical practice of any nation. Due to this reason, knowledge related to this subject should be imparted to the medical students. Only then, the aim of providing a strong base in the medical field and making of an ideal doctor will be possible. Objective: The study was conducted to compare the status of knowledge and attitude of medical ethics before and after the medical ethics theory class among medical students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara from 1st to 31st August, 2018. A total number of 232 medical students were divided into two groups depending on whether they had attended medical ethics classes or not. Five point Likert scale was used in the responses of the participants and analyzed. Results: The study found that there was significant difference between two groups regarding the importance of consent for all minor operations (p=0.010), general physical examination (<0.001), genital examination of males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.001), treatment of children and adults in emergency and non-emergency without their consent. Similarly, students after medical ethics class compared to the ones not having attended any class strongly disagreed that euthanasia is legalized in Nepal (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Students after medical ethics theory class had a better understanding of medical ethics compared to the students who did not. Furthermore, active teaching methods like group discussions, role play and pedagogy can be incorporated to have a more effective impact on the students.

scholarly journals Hypofractionation in Breast Cancer - A Retrospective Study in a Tribal Population Based Medical College in West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Santanu Acharyya ◽  
Bidisha Ghosh ◽  
Satadru Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Conventional Regimen ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: In a tribal population based area in West Bengal, India though carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in female patients, yet apart from that carcinoma breast is also increasing in number in the recent years. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 26.6% of female malignancy in the radiation oncology out-patient-department of our teaching hospital. Aims and Objectives: To compare conventional RT regimen (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) with one hypofractionated regimen (40Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) in stage II & stage III breast cancer patients as adjuvant radiation therapy in terms of local control, survival and adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study which has been conducted in the department of Radiotherapy in BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College) spanning from May 2012 to April 2017. A total number of patients included in this study was 302, out of which thirty six patients failed to follow up. So total of 266 patients included in the study were all histologically proved carcinoma breast treated surgically (97.74% by MRM & rest by BCS) with curative intent following which RT was used as adjuvant therapy. In one group (consisting of 133 patients) conventional regimen (50Gy in 25 fractions) was used. In another group (consisting the other 133 patients) dose-schedule used was a hypofractionated one i.e. 40Gy in 15 fractions. Dose per fraction in the 1st group was 2 Gy whereas in 2nd group it was 2.66 Gy. In all patients, RT was given in 5 days a week. Systemic therapy was administered as and when indicated. Results: 4-year disease-free-survival (DFS) in conventional group was 78.94% and in hypofractionated group was 82.70%, (p value >0.05). 4-year overall survival (OS) in conventional group was 81.20% & in hypofractionated group was 85.70%, (p value >0.05). While adverse reactions in terms of both acute & chronic radiation toxicities were considered, there was no significant difference in between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the conventional regimen and this hypofractionated regimen in terms of OS DFS & adverse reactions in this tribal-based Indian population. Hence, in our institution, we usually prefer Hypofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy/15 fractions) in adjuvant settings for breast cancer patients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Patellar Denervation by Circumpatellar Electrocautery on Anterior Knee Pain Following Total Knee Replacement – An Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Zacharia ◽  
Manu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Anterior Knee Pain ◽  
Knee Society Score ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Knee

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESAnterior knee pain is a common problem in patients who have undergone TKR which causes dissatisfaction among them. There are Various methods for prevention of anterior knee pain following TKR .The  objective of this study is to determine the  effect of circumpatellar electrocautery on anterior knee pain following TKR and to compare the results with that of those patients who have undergone TKR without circumpatellar denervation.METHODSThis is a cohort study conducted in Dept. of Orthopedics, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode,kerala, 2014. Total sample size was 90.out of which 2 patients died during the study period. We lost follow up of 7 patients.  Among the remaining 81 patients 42 had undergone TKR with circumpatellar denervation using electocautery and 39 without circumpatellar denervation. They were kept under follow up. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and at one year. At all postoperative visits, a clinical score was determined using the Knee Society score and the clinical anterior knee pain rating system described by Waters and BentleyRESULTSThere is no statistically significant difference in AKP score between both groups.There is a statistically significant difference in the knee society score at 1st month(p value <.001).  But there is no difference on further follow up visits .CONCLUSIONThere is no statistically significant difference between final outcome of patients who underwent patella denervation using circumpatellar electrocauterisation and those without denervation  with respect to anterior knee pain among patients who have undergone TKR. 

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