A REVIEW: AZADIRACHTA INDICA AS ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalu Baghel ◽  
Charanjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Primary Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Agents ◽  
Tissue Cholesterol ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Antihyperlipidemic agents having various pharmacological actions are being tested clinically3. Elevated lipid levels result from increased absorption through the gut or enhanced endogenous synthesis and therefore two ways are feasible to reduce hyperlipidemia; to block endogenous synthesis or to decrease absorption. Whole plant of Azadirachta indica gives the Antihyperlipidemic activity. Several genetic conditions are known to responsible for primary Hyperlipidemia, such as lipoprotein lipase deficiency, apolipoprotein C-II deficiency etc. In our study we choose cholesterol diet which contains the common ingredients in our daily food. Cholesterol feeding has been often used to elevate serum or tissue cholesterol levels to assess the hypercholesterolemia- related metabolic disturbances in animals. Cholesterol feeding alone however does not affect the serum TG level. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic activities, Maceration.

The synthesis of soluble and Insoluble elastin in chicken aorta as a function of development and age. Effect of a high cholesterol diet

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Tissue Cholesterol

The synthesis of soluble elastin, newly synthesized insoluble elastin and total accumulated insoluble elastin was measured in aortic tissue of chickens ranging in age from the 11-day embryo to the adult chicken. Synthesis of soluble elastin reached a maximum in the 1st week after hatching, then decreased rapidly with a second transient increase between 4 and 6 weeks and thereafter decreased continuously until synthesis could no longer be detected in the 35-week-old adult. A portion of this newly synthesized soluble elastin was insolubilized even during 1 h of incubation by a β-aminopropionitrile-inhibited mechanism. Total insoluble elastin accumulated rapidly in aortic tissue in the late embryonic stages and reached a plateau about 1 week after hatching, after which time the proportion of the protein in the tissue remained constant. Synthesis of soluble elastin and total insoluble elastin was also determined in aortic tissue of chickens raised on a diet containing 2% cholesterol for 14 weeks after hatching. This cholesterol-rich diet had an early, but transient effect on the synthesis of soluble elastin, shifting the age of maximal synthesis to 1 to 2 weeks after hatching. However, by 6 to 8 weeks on the diet there was no difference in soluble elastin synthesis between normal and cholesterol-fed groups. Although prolonged cholesterol feeding resulted in serum cholesterol levels 10 times normal, aortic tissue cholesterol levels 3 times normal and grossly visible atherosclerotic lesions, no reinitiation of soluble elastin synthesis or alteration in the quantity and character of insoluble aortic elastin could be detected.

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalu Baghel ◽  
Charanjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Defective Clearance

Hyperlipidemia often results from delayed or defective clearance, or overproduction of VLDL by the liver, which is subsequently transformed into LDL. The whole plant of Azadirachta indica was collected from local areas of Jaipur district areas of Rajasthan. The plant is authenticated by university of rajasthan by Drmanju Sharma dept of botany   Selected medicinal plant were cut into small pieces, cleaned and shade dried at room temperature then subjected to physical evaluation with different parameters. Macerated 5 g of air dried drug coarsely powdered with 100 ml of ethanol of the specified strength in a closed flask for twenty four hours, shaking frequently during six hours and allowed to stand for 18 h. About 2-3 g of powder is accurately weighed in a china dish and kept in hot air oven maintained at 110±1oC for four hours. After cooling in a desiccator, the loss in weight was recorded. This procedure was repeated till constant weight was obtained. For insoluble ash value Boiled the ash for 5-10 minutes with 25 ml of diluted hydrochloric acid, collected the insoluble matter in a Gooch crucible washed with hot water, ignited and weighed. Whole plant of Azadirachtaindicawas reduced to fine powder and was subjected to maceration in a 1 liter conical flask for 7 days at room temperature with alcohol (70%) water (30%). In the present study we aimed to screen various extracts of selected plants on Cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Thus the results of the present investigation clearly indicated that the selected medicinal plants possess good antihyerlipidemic activity in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats and led to the development of new Herbal formulation possessing antihyperlipidemic and antiatherosclerotic activities. This is the first study which investigates the hypolipidemic activity. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic activities, Maceration.

scholarly journals Non-Cholesterol Sterol Concentrations as Biomarkers for Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Different Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Mashnafi ◽  
Jogchum Plat ◽  
Ronald P. Mensink ◽  
Sabine Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Non-cholesterol sterols are validated biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis. However, their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematically explored. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders. Potentially relevant studies were retrieved by a systematic search of three databases in July 2018 and ninety-four human studies were included. Cholesterol-standardized levels of campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol were collected to reflect cholesterol absorption and those of lathosterol and desmosterol to reflect cholesterol synthesis. Their use as biomarkers was examined in the following metabolic disorders: overweight/obesity (n = 16), diabetes mellitus (n = 15), metabolic syndrome (n = 5), hyperlipidemia (n = 11), cardiovascular disease (n = 17), and diseases related to intestine (n = 16), liver (n = 22) or kidney (n = 2). In general, markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns, showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis. Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified, suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ‘cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers’. Future studies should be performed to confirm or refute these findings and to examine whether this information can be used for targeted (dietary) interventions.

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Tephrosia purpurea callus culture

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mujeeb ◽  
M Aqil ◽  
AK Najmi ◽  
M Akhtar ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity
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