Differentiation of Healthy Individuals from Those with Autism Spectrum Disorders using Information Graph of Complementary Opposites

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Psychiatry ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Optimal Feature ◽  
Information Graph

This study aimed to examine the brain signals of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and use a method according to the concept of complementary opposites to obtain the prominent features or a pattern of EEG signal that represents the biological characteristic of such children. In this study, 20 children with the mean±SD age of 8±5 years were divided into two groups of normal control (NC) and ASD. The diagnosis and approval of individuals in both groups were conducted by two experts in the field of pediatric psychiatry and neurology. The recording protocol was designed with the most accuracy; therefore, the brain signals were recorded with the least noise in the awake state of the individuals in both groups. Moreover, the recording was conducted in three stages from two channels (C3-C4) of EEG ( referred to as the central part of the brain) which were symmetrical in function. In this study, the Mandala method was adopted based on the concept of complementary opposites to investigate the features extracted from Mandala pattern topology and obtain new features and pseudo-patterns for the screening and early diagnosis of ASD. The optimal feature here was based on different stages of processing and statistical analysis of Pattern Detection Capability (PDC). The PDC is a biomarker derived from the Mandala pattern for differentiating the NC from ASD groups.

scholarly journals The Role of Iron in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Brain

The review presents an analysis of the mechanisms of iron effect on the brain development. The importance of iron deficiency in the perinatal period is considered as a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Possible causes of sideropenia are discussed; data on haematological and biochemical parameters characterizing iron metabolism in children with ASDs are presented. The demand for studying the role of iron metabolism imbalance in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in order to clarify pathogenetic mechanisms of ASDs and to determine methods for their correction is emphasized.

scholarly journals Parent-reported feeding characteristics in children with ASD vs. children who are typically developing

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen Fathi Mahmoud ◽  
Rehab Safwat Abdelhameed ◽  
Sherif A. Abdelmonam ◽  
Ahmed Ali Abdelmonem ◽  
Doaa Mahmoud Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often report that their children have multiple dietary behavior problems than parents of typically developing (TD) children do. This may affect proper nutrition and subsequently adequate growth and development in children with ASD. The current study aimed to assess the feeding behavior in recently diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ranged in age from 2 to 4 years and compare it with typically developing (TD) children and to explore the relationship between feeding behaviors and autism severity using the Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), respectively. Parents of 35 preschool children (2–4 years) with ASD completed reports of physical measurements, feeding interview, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH Feeding-Scale). The collected data from parents of children with ASD were analyzed and compared with 70 typically developed children matched with age and sex. Results ASD children showed statistically significantly more problematic feeding behaviors in most of the assessed eating characters compared with TD children, e.g., food neophobia, eating non-food items instead of food, requiring assistance during eating, and feeding avoidance to particular textures and taste. The mean total score of the MCH feeding scale differed significantly between children with ASD and TD children. No correlation was found between the mean total score of the MCH feeding scale and CARS scores. Conclusion Our findings revealed a high rate of behavioral feeding problems in children with ASD. Future work will be needed to follow up the feeding behaviors and to develop practical feeding approaches for ASD children to maintain nutritional adequacy.

Influence the Baths of Bishophite on Indicators of Protein S100B in Blood in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
T.F. Golubova ◽  
L.A. Tsukurova ◽  
A.V. Nuvoli ◽  
S.V. Vlasenko ◽  
E.A. Savchuk E.A.
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Protein S100b ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to study the effect of bishovite baths on the dynamics of plasma S100B protein in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Material and methods. 45 children with autism (F84) aged from 6 to 15 years were examined – general croup (GG). The control group (KG) consisted of 25 healthy children. I group – 22 children who received the health research therapy (HRT); II group – 23 children who received a course of the baths with bishophite. The examination included examination by specialists, an assessment of the severity of the disease using the CARS scale (Children’s Rating Scale of Autism), evaluation in blood serum of protein S100B. Results. The content of S100B in children with autism was significantly higher in comparison with KG. The level of S100B in children with ASD with abnormal development of brain structures (MRI) was significantly higher in comparison with KG and with a group of children without signs of violation of brain structures. With hard ASD the S100B indicators were higher, and at medium severity did not differ significantly from the KG. After the treatment only in the II group, there was a significant decrease in S100B in GG in children with abnormalities in the development of the brain and with severe severity. Conclusions. The majority of children with ASD with anomalies of brain structures, there are signs of hypoxia of the brain and violation of the blood-brain barrier. A positive effect of bischophite baths was revealed in children with ASD, having antioxidant, antitoxic, and neuroprotective effects.

scholarly journals Focus of Attention in Children with ASD

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
E.G. Karimullina ◽  
N.G. Khlyustova
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Unstable Focus ◽  
The Brain

The special way of understanding the world and the brain mechanisms of cognitive impairment in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are becoming the core topics in the autism research. The article presents a study of the general characteristics of attention in children of primary school age with ASD using instruments aimed at detecting impairments of attention parameters: Schulte Tables, Go/No Go Task, Kraepelin’s Arithmetic Test, Stroop Test used to study the focus of attention in the context of the interference of verbal and object stimuli. Results of study of attention in children with ASD seemed to be ambivalent. Children with ASD are successful in performing the Schulte Tables; on the contrary, the Go/No Go Task shows the difficulties of performing the tasks and inhibition of dominant response. Different degrees of unstable focus of attention in tasks on visual perception also shown. The features of focusing attention in conditions of interference require further research. Preliminary results showed that the focus of attention in younger schoolchildren with ASD is associated with a preference for verbal rather than object characteristics of visual stimuli.

scholarly journals A través de los ojos del niño con trastorno del espectro autista / Through the Eyes of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
M.Isabel Gómez-León
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTThe latest findings in neuroscience show that the brain of the child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) deviates from the typical development path since the prenatal period. We know that the mutation of certain genes alters the maturational trajectory of synaptic connections during early development, a period of maximum vulnerability in which the formation of neuronal circuits is highly plastic and depends on both genetic and environmental factors. A better understanding of the neurobiological bases of ASD will draw bridges, until recently insurmountable, between neuronal circuits and atypical behaviors in the classroom. In addition, it will allow us to better explore which are the critical periods of development where the intervention, both clinical and educational, in the child with ASD may be more effective.RESUMENLos últimos hallazgos en neurociencia muestran que el cerebro del niño con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se desvía de la ruta típica del desarrollo ya desde el período prenatal. Sabemos que la mutación de ciertos genes altera la trayectoria madurativa de las conexiones sinápticas durante el desarrollo temprano, un periodo de máxima vulnerabilidad en el que la formación de circuitos neuronales es altamente plástica y dependiente tanto de factores genéticos como ambientales. Una mejor comprensión de las bases neurobiológicas del TEA trazará puentes, hasta hace poco insalvables, entre los circuitos neuronales y los comportamientos atípicos en el aula. Además, nos permitirá explorar mejor cuáles son los periodos críticos del desarrollo donde la intervención, tanto clínica como educativa, en el niño con TEA puede resultar más eficaz.

scholarly journals Struktur Otak dan Keberfungsiannya pada Anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autis: Kajian Neuropsikologi

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurussakinah - Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Sensory Process

The purpose of this article is to understand the basic neuroanatomy of the brain and the neurodevelopmental characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with autism spectrum disorders are children with complex developmental disorders, based on a neuropsychological approach, a disorder experienced by a child with autism due to abnormalities in the structure and biochemistry of the brain, as well as the interference in integrating sensory information received by the environment. Disturbances in the sensory process include how to obtain sensory information (sensory procesing), how to process the information (sensory procesing), and how to move the muscles and perform a series of movements in response to sensory stimuli received.

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitharon Boon-yasidhi ◽  
Pantipa Jearnarongrit ◽  
Patnaree Tulayapichitchock ◽  
Jariya Tarugsa
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Siriraj Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate adverse effects associated with risperidone in 45 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), aged 2–15 years, who were treated at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between the years 2006 and 2007. Adverse effects were assessed by parent interview, using a semistructure questionnaire, and medical records review. The mean ± SD age of the children at starting risperidone was8.15±2.98years. The mean ± SD of risperidone dose was0.94±0.74 mg/day and the mean ± SD duration of treatment was36.8±27.8months. Adverse effects were reported in 39 children (86.7%). Common adverse effects included increased appetite, somnolence, and rhinorrhea and most of the adverse effects were tolerable. Tardive dyskinesia or other serious adverse events were not found in this study. The child’s mean ± SD weight gain was4.18±2.82 kg/year, which exceeded developmentally expected norms. The results from this study suggest that risperidone treatment in children with ASD is associated with frequent mild and tolerable adverse effects. However, excessive weight gain could be found to be a concerning adverse effect and weight monitoring is warranted when risperidone is being prescribed.

scholarly journals Analisis Spektral Daya dan Koherensi EEG Pada Anak Penderita Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Wahana Fisika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nita Handayani ◽  
Sra Harke Pratama ◽  
Siti Nurul Khotimah ◽  
Idam Arif ◽  
Freddy Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) adalah kondisi neurodevelopmental yang berkaitan dengan defisit dalam fungsi eksekutif, emosi, bahasa, dan komunikasi sosial. Beberapa teknik neuroimaging dan neurofisiologi digunakan untuk memahami hubungan antara fungsionalitas otak dan perilaku autis. Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) adalah sebuah teknik non-invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran fungsionalitas otak melalui beberapa besaran fisis yang dikaji. Pada paper ini akan dibahas tentang karakteristik sinyal listrik otak pada penderita austis berdasarkan analisis QEEG.  Perekaman sinyal otak menggunakan Emotiv Epoc 14 channel (AF3, F7, F3, FC5, T7, P7, O1, O2, P8, T7, FC6, F4, F8, AF4) dan 2 channel referensi (CMS dan DRL). Jumlah subjek uji dalam penelitian sebanyak 6 anak penderita autis dan 5 anak sehat sebagai kontrol dengan rentang usia antara 10-15 tahun. Perekaman otak dilakukan pada kondisi rileks dan mata terutup selama 15 menit. Metode analisis data meliputi pre-processing data EEG untuk menghilangkan noise dan artefak, perhitungan spektral daya menggunakan periodogram Welch, dan analisis konektivitas fungsional otak dengan menghitung besarnya koherensi intra-hemisphere dan inter-hemisphere. Dari hasil studi diperoleh bahwa pada anak autis terjadi peningkatan spektral daya pada pita delta dan penurunan spektral daya pada pita alpha dibandingkan dengan subjek kontrol. Analisis konektivitas fungsional otak pada anak autis menunjukkan nilai koherensi intra-hemisphere dan inter-hemisphere yang lebih rendah pada pita delta dan theta, khususnya pada area frontal. QEEG dapat digunakan untuk karakterisasi sinyal otak pada penderita autis dan membedakannya dari subjek normal.      Kata Kunci   :  Retardasi Mental; Spektral Daya; Koherensi; EEG;  Sinyal Otak Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with deficits in executive function, emotions, language, and social communication. Several neuroimaging and neurophysiology techniques are used to understand the relationship between brain functionality and autistic behavior. Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to illustrate the functionality of the brain through the analysis of several physical quantities. This paper will discuss about the characteristics of electrical brain signals in austistic children based on QEEG analysis. Recording of brain signals using  Emotiv Epoc 14-channels (AF3, F7, F1, O2, P8, T7, FC6, F4, F8, AF4) and 2 reference channels (CMS and DRL). The number of test subjects in the study were 6 autistic children and 5 healthy children as controls with an age range between 10-15 years old. Brain recording performed on resting state and eyes closed for 15 minutes. The methods of analysis data includes pre-processing EEGs data to remove noise and artifacts, power spectral analysis using Welch Periodogram, and brain functional connectivity analysis by calculating the magnitude of intra-hemisphere and inter-hemisphere coherences. The results of the study found that an increased of power spectral in the delta band and a decreased of power spectral in the alpha band in autistic children compared to control subjects. Analysis of functional connectivity of the brain in autistic children shows lower intra-hemisphere and inter-hemisphere coherences in the delta and theta bands, particularly in the frontal area. QEEG can be used to characterized brain signals in autistic children and differentiated them from the normal subjects.          Keywords  : Mental Retardation; Power Spectral; Coherence; EEG; Brain Signal

scholarly journals Cognitive Features in Autistic Children without Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
M.M. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

22 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 26 neurotypic children from 7 to 10 years old took part in the study of cognitive features of autistic children without intellectual disabilities. Instruments aimed at studying of cognitive functions in primary school children and free form narrative used in the research. Found that in children with ASD, some cognitive features significantly more pronounced than in neurotypical peers: lack of targeting, diverseness of thinking with a distortion of the generalization process, concreteness of thinking. The scores obtained in children with ASD were mainly within the mean values, while in the group of neurotypic children, for the most part, they were within high values. Revealed that children with ASD more often than neurotypic peers demonstrate a combination of specific thinking and some features that considered as characteristic of a schizophrenic pathopsychological complex of symptoms.

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