scholarly journals EEG Coherence During Resting State Over Frontal Regions in Paranormal Beliefs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Abdolvahed Narmashiri ◽  
◽  
Javad Hatami ◽  
Reza Khosrowabadi ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs

Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as believing in extrasensory perception, precognition, witchcraft, and telekinesis, magical thinking, psychokinesis, superstitions. Previous studies corroborate that executive brain functions underpin paranormal beliefs. To test causal hypotheses, neurophysiological studies of brain activity are required. Method: A sample of 20 students (10 females, age: 22.50 ± 4.07 years) were included for the current study. The absolute power of resting-state EEG in intrahemispheric and interhemispheric coherence was analyzed with eyes opened. The paranormal beliefs were determined based on the total score of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS). Result: The results of this study demonstrated that there was a significant negative relationship between paranormal beliefs and EEG resting state in alpha band activity in the frontal lobe (left hemisphere), EEG coherence of alpha and beta1, beta2, and gamma band activities in the frontal lobe (right hemisphere) and coherence of alpha and beta1, beta2 and gamma band activities between frontal regions (two hemispheres). In addition, the results showed that coherence of alpha, alpha1, beta, and beta2 band activities between frontal lobe (right hemispheres) and EEG coherence of delta, alpha1, and band activities in the frontal lobe (two hemispheres) predicted paranormal beliefs. Conclusion: This study confirms connecting executive brain functions to paranormal beliefs, and determines that frontal brain functioning may contribute to paranormal beliefs.

scholarly journals Computerized physical and cognitive training improves the functional architecture of the brain in adults with Down syndrome: A network science EEG study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Alexandra Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Charis Styliadis ◽  
Panagiotis Kartsidis ◽  
Evangelia Romanopoulou ◽  
Vasiliki Zilidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the neuroplastic capacity of people with Down syndrome (PwDS) can potentially reveal the causal relationship between aberrant brain organization and phenotypic characteristics. We used resting-state EEG recordings to identify how a neuroplasticity-triggering training protocol relates to changes in the functional connectivity of the brain’s intrinsic cortical networks. Brain activity of 12 PwDS before and after a 10-week protocol of combined physical and cognitive training was statistically compared to quantify changes in directed functional connectivity in conjunction with psychosomatometric assessments. PwDS showed increased connectivity within the left hemisphere and from left-to-right hemisphere, as well as increased physical and cognitive performance. Our findings reveal a strong adaptive neuroplastic reorganization as a result of the training that leads to a less-random network with a more pronounced hierarchical organization. Our results go beyond previous findings by indicating a transition to a healthier, more efficient, and flexible network architecture, with improved integration and segregation abilities in the brain of PwDS. Resting-state electrophysiological brain activity is used here for the first time to display meaningful relationships to underlying Down syndrome processes and outcomes of importance in a translational inquiry. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04390321.

Abstract WMP117: Regional Homogeneity Changes In Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Muke Zhou ◽  
Pian Wang ◽  
Li He
Keyword(s):  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) can increase the risk of some neurologic dysfunctions, of which the mechanism remains unclear. Resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) is suggested to be a valuable tool to study the relation between spontaneous brain activity and behavioral performance. However, little is known about whether the local synchronization of spontaneous neural activity is altered in TIA patients. The purpose of this study is to detect differences in regional spontaneous activities throughout the whole brain between TIAs and normal controls. Methods: Twenty one TIA patients suffered an ischemic event in the right hemisphere and 21 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All subjects were investigated using cognitive tests and rfMRI. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) was calculate and compared between two groups. Then a correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between ReHo values of brain regions showing abnormal resting-state properties and clinical variables in TIA group. Results: Compared with controls, TIA patients exhibited decreased ReHo in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right inferior prefrontal gyrus, right ventral anterior cingulate cortex and right dorsal posterior cingular cortex. Moreover, the mean ReHo in right DLPFC and right inferior prefrontal gyrus were significantly correlated with MoCA in TIA patients. Conclusions: Neural activity in the resting state is changed in patients with TIA. The positive correlation between regional homogeneity of rfMRI and cognition suggests that ReHo may be a promising tool to better our understanding of the neurobiological consequences of TIA.

scholarly journals Structural control energy of resting-state functional brain states reveals inefficient brain dynamics in psychosis vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
Stephan Eliez ◽  
Danielle S. Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Brain States

AbstractHow the brain’s white-matter anatomy constrains brain activity is an open question that might give insights into the mechanisms that underlie mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an extremely high risk for psychosis providing a test case to study developmental aspects of schizophrenia. In this study, we used principles from network control theory to probe the implications of aberrant structural connectivity for the brain’s functional dynamics in 22q11DS. We retrieved brain states from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 78 patients with 22q11DS and 85 healthy controls. Then, we compared them in terms of persistence control energy; i.e., the control energy that would be required to persist in each of these states based on individual structural connectivity and a dynamic model. Persistence control energy was altered in a broad pattern of brain states including both energetically more demanding and less demanding brain states in 22q11DS. Further, we found a negative relationship between persistence control energy and resting-state activation time, which suggests that the brain reduces energy by spending less time in energetically demanding brain states. In patients with 22q11DS, this behavior was less pronounced, suggesting a dynamic inefficiency of brain function in the disease. In summary, our results provide initial insights into the dynamic implications of altered structural connectivity in 22q11DS, which might improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease.

scholarly journals Functional and resting-state characterizations of a periventricular heterotopic nodule associated with epileptogenic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. E10
Author(s):  
Richard L. Nolan ◽  
Nicholas Brandmeir ◽  
Eric S. Tucker ◽  
John L. Magruder ◽  
Mark R. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Nodular Heterotopia ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri ◽  
The Impact

The object of this study was to extensively characterize a region of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) in an epilepsy patient to reveal its possible neurocognitive functional role(s). The authors used 3-T MRI approaches to exhaustively characterize a single, right hemisphere heterotopion in a high-functioning adult male with medically responsive epilepsy, which had manifested during late adolescence. The heterotopion proved to be spectroscopically consistent with a cortical-like composition and was interconnected with nearby ipsilateral cortical fundi, as revealed by fiber tractography (diffusion-weighted imaging) and resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfMRI). Moreover, the region of PVNH demonstrated two novel characterizations for a heterotopion. First, functional MRI (fMRI), as distinct from rsfMRI, showed that the heterotopion was significantly modulated while the patient watched animated video scenes of biological motion (i.e., cartoons). Second, rsfMRI, which demonstrated correlated brain activity during a task-negative state, uniquely showed directionality within an interconnected network, receiving positive path effects from patent cortical and cerebellar foci while outputting only negative path effects to specific brain foci.These findings are addressed in the context of the impact on noninvasive presurgical brain mapping strategies for adult and pediatric patient workups, as well as the impact of this study on an understanding of the functional cortical architecture underlying cognition from a neurodiversity and evolutionary perspective.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Resilience as a Protective Factor in Patients with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Resting-State EEG Coherence Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yoon Lee ◽  
Jung-Seok Choi ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Eeg Features

Background: Resilience, an important protective factor against Internet gaming disorder (IGD), is the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and constitutes a flexible adaptation to stress. Despite the importance of resilience in predicting IGD, little is known about the relationships between resilience and the neurophysiological features of IGD patients. Methods: We investigated these relationships using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) coherence, by comparing IGD patients (n = 35) to healthy controls (n = 36). To identify the resilience-related EEG features, the IGD patients were divided into two groups based on the 50th percentile score on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: IGD with low resilience (n = 16) and IGD with high resilience (n = 19). We analyzed differences in EEG coherence among groups for each fast frequency band. The conditional indirect effects of resilience were examined on the relationships between IGD and resilience-related EEG features through clinical symptoms. Results: IGD patients with low resilience had higher alpha coherence in the right hemisphere. Particularly, resilience moderated the indirect effects of IGD on alpha coherence in the right hemisphere through depressive symptoms and stress level. Conclusion: These neurophysiological findings regarding the mechanisms underlying resilience may help to establish effective preventive measures against IGD.

scholarly journals Processing Nouns and Verbs in the Left Frontal Cortex: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinella Cappelletti ◽  
Felipe Fregni ◽  
Kevin Shapiro ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies suggest that the production of verbs in speech depends on cortical regions in the left frontal lobe. However, the precise topography of these regions, and their functional roles in verb production, remains matters of debate. In an earlier study with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we showed that stimulation to the left anterior midfrontal gyrus disrupted verb production, but not noun production, in a task that required subjects to perform simple morphological alternations. This result raises a number of questions: for example, is the effect of stimulation focal and specific to that brain region? Is the behavioral effect limited to rule-based, regular transformations, or can it be generalized over the grammatical category? In the present study, we used rTMS to suppress the excitability of distinct parts of the left prefrontal cortex to assess their role in producing regular and irregular verbs compared to nouns. We compared rTMS to sham stimulation and to stimulation of homologous areas in the right hemisphere. Response latencies increased for verbs, but were unaffected for nouns, following stimulation to the left anterior midfrontal gyrus. No significant interference specific for verbs resulted after stimulation to two other areas in the left frontal lobe, the posterior midfrontal gyrus and Broca's area. These results therefore reinforce the idea that the left anterior midfrontal cortex is critical for processing verbs. Moreover, none of the regions stimulated was preferentially engaged in the production of regular or irregular inflection, raising questions about the role of the frontal lobes in processing inflectional morphology.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity Analysis in Motor-Imagery Brain Computer Interfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Leeuwis ◽  
Sue Yoon ◽  
Maryam Alimardani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Mu Suppression ◽  
Promising Tool

Motor Imagery BCI systems have a high rate of users that are not capable of modulating their brain activity accurately enough to communicate with the system. Several studies have identified psychological, cognitive, and neurophysiological measures that might explain this MI-BCI inefficiency. Traditional research had focused on mu suppression in the sensorimotor area in order to classify imagery, but this does not reflect the true dynamics that underlie motor imagery. Functional connectivity reflects the interaction between brain regions during the MI task and resting-state network and is a promising tool in improving MI-BCI classification. In this study, 54 novice MI-BCI users were split into two groups based on their accuracy and their functional connectivity was compared in three network scales (Global, Large and Local scale) during the resting-state, left vs. right-hand motor imagery task, and the transition between the two phases. Our comparison of High and Low BCI performers showed that in the alpha band, functional connectivity in the right hemisphere was increased in High compared to Low aptitude MI-BCI users during motor imagery. These findings contribute to the existing literature that indeed connectivity might be a valuable feature in MI-BCI classification and in solving the MI-BCI inefficiency problem.

Brain Activity During Resting State in Relation to Academic Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-chun Cheung ◽  
Agnes S. Chan ◽  
Yvonne M. Han ◽  
Sophia L. Sze
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Neural Efficiency ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Relationship

EEG coherence has been widely used to investigate brain activity and learning. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between resting-state EEG coherence and academic performance. The present study investigated this relationship with 140 healthy, normal participants. EEG was recorded during resting periods, with eyes open for 3 min, and the recordings were analyzed for 64 electrode positions in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–25 Hz) frequency bands. Coherence, defined as the spectral cross-correlation between two signals normalized by their power spectra, was calculated. Short- and long-range intrahemispheric coherence within each hemisphere and interhemispheric coherence across the left and right hemispheres were then computed and compared for each of the theta, alpha, and beta bands. The results showed that academic performance, as measured by grade point average (GPA), was negatively correlated with short-range intrahemispheric alpha and beta coherences in both hemispheres and with interhemispheric alpha and beta coherences in the temporal cortical regions. Therefore, better academic performers demonstrated more decoupling of brain areas when resting with eyes open. This is consistent with a model that relates decreased coherence to neural efficiency.

scholarly journals Computerized physical and cognitive training improves the functional architecture of the brain in adults with Down Syndrome: a longitudinal network science EEG study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Charis Styliadis ◽  
Panagiotis Kartsidis ◽  
Evangelia Romanopoulou ◽  
Vasiliki Zilidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Training Protocol

AbstractUnderstanding the neuroplastic capacity of people with Down Syndrome (PwDS) can potentially reveal the causal relationship between aberrant brain organization and phenotypic characteristics. We used resting-state EEG recordings to identify how a neuroplasticity-triggering training protocol relates to changes in the functional connectivity of the brain’s intrinsic cortical networks. Brain activity of 12 PwDS before and after a ten-week protocol of combined physical and cognitive training was statistically compared to quantify changes in directed functional in conjunction with psycho-somatometric assessments. PwDS showed increased connectivity within the left hemisphere and from left to right hemisphere, as well as increased physical and cognitive performance. Our results reveal a strong adaptive neuroplastic reorganization, as a result of the training that leads to a more complex and less-random network, with a more pronounced hierarchical organization. Our results go beyond previous findings by indicating a transition to a healthier, more efficient, and flexible network architecture, with improved integration and segregation abilities in the brain of PwDS. Resting-state electrophysiological brain activity is used here for the first time to display meaningful longitudinal relationships to underlying DS processes and outcomes of importance in a translational inquiry. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04390321.Author SummaryThe effects of cognitive and physical training on the neuroplasticity attributes of people with and without cognitive impairment have been well documented via neurophysiological evaluations and network science indices. However, there is still insufficient evidence for people with Down Syndrome (PwDS). We investigated the effects of a combinational training protocol on the brain network organization of 12 adult PwDS using EEG and network indices coupled with tests assessing their cognitive and physical capacity. We report evidence of adaptational neuroplastic effects, pointing to a transitional state towards a healthier organization with an increased ability to integrate and segregate information. Our findings underline the ability of the DS brain to respond to the cognitive demands of external stimuli, reflecting the possibility of developing independent- living skills.

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