scholarly journals Comparing Log-based and Exponent-based Functions to Predict Human Height by Foot Length

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 30902.1-30902.7
Author(s):  
Fozia Anwar ◽  
◽  
Khurram Saleem Alimgeer ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Ratana Somrongthong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Human Height ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Human height estimation is critical in medicolegal cases. This anthropometric measurement not only reveals racial differences but also aids police investigation to narrow down. Foot size varies in different races and ethnic groups, because of genetic influence on development height. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between foot size and the height of a person in a particular context. The current research also compared log-based function and exponent-based function to explore which best fits the relation between age, foot size, and height. Methods: This cross-sectional study included foot measurements from 240 participants of 6 different age groups in the age range of 2-21 years. Foot length and height were recorded as per standard methods after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of COMSATs University Islamabad Pakistan and gaining consent from the study participants. Correlation and regression analyses were performed using SPSS V 23. In this study, two mathematical functions of log-based and exponent-based were compared to more accurately predict the behavior of two variables. The appropriateness of these candidate functions was evaluated using statistical parameters, including the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), R2, adjusted R2, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results: The mean height of male participants of the age group of 3-5 years was higher than that of the female participants. Among 6-10-year-olds and 11-15-year-olds, female participants presented a greater height than males. In the age groups of 16-20 and ≥21 years, males were taller than females. The average foot size of males and females of all age groups was 22.09 cm and 20.44 cm, respectively. The exponent-based candidate functions best fitted the relationship between age, foot size, and height, compared to the log-based candidate function. Conclusion: Foot size indicated the highest correlation with height and minimum standard error in the estimation of stature. Therefore, foot size provided the highest reliability and accuracy in estimating height.

scholarly journals Fetal foot length for assessment of gestational age: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3153
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Sharma ◽  
Ruchi Saxena ◽  
Priyanka Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Fetal age actually begins at conception and an equivalent term is conceptional age. Uncertain gestational age (GA) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes independent of maternal characteristics. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of fetal foot length (FFL) in estimation of gestational age.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Trans abdominal ultrasound on 150 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancies between 16 to 40 weeks was done to measure FFL. The relationship between GA and FFL was analysed by simple linear regression.Results: A linear relationship was demonstrated between FFL and GA. (GA (in weeks)=7.490+0.393×FFL (in mm)) with significant correlation (r=0.985, p<0.001).Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of FFL is a reliable indicator of gestational age and can be a useful alternative to estimate GA when other routine biometric parameters are not conclusive.

scholarly journals Reporting Skill: The Missing Ingredient in Concussion Reporting Intention Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Warmath ◽  
Andrew P. Winterstein
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Background: Extant literature suggests that a substantial portion of athletes may not report a possible concussion and that concussion knowledge is insufficient to predict concussion reporting behavior. One area that has not been explored is reporting skill; that is, mastery of the actions required to report a concussion. This study evaluated the relationship between reporting skill and reporting intention, introducing a measure of the reporting skill construct. Hypotheses: Reporting intentions will be more closely associated with reporting skill than with concussion/symptom knowledge. The relationship between concussion (or symptom) knowledge and reporting intentions will differ by level of reporting skill. Study Design: Repeated cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A set of items was administered to young adults aged 18 to 24 years from the Survey Sampling International panel. Exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on 2 waves of data to develop the scale (n = 899). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling on the responses from the third wave of participants (n = 406). Results: Knowing the actions to take in reporting was more important than having knowledge of concussions or concussion symptoms. Reporting skill, not concussion or concussion symptom knowledge, was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Among those with higher levels of reporting skill, concussion symptom knowledge (but not general concussion knowledge) was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Conclusion: Reporting skill is an important and, until now, missing ingredient in the concussion literature and practice. Clinical Relevance: Incorporating reporting skill development in concussion education and team activities to teach athletes how to report is likely to improve actual reporting intentions. While further study is needed with particular sports and additional age groups, reporting skill holds promise as a new avenue for increased concussion reporting.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Foot Growth and Its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters in a Representative Cohort of Schoolchildren from Southern Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4031
Author(s):  
María Luisa González-Elena ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Espejo ◽  
Aurora Castro-Méndez ◽  
María Dolores Guerra-Martín ◽  
Antonio Córdoba-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between growth of the foot and other anthropometric parameters during body development until puberty has been scarcely studied. Some studies propose that growth of the foot in length may be an early index of puberty. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between the growth of the foot in length and width with other anthropometric parameters, in prepubertal and early pubertal schoolchildren (Tanner stage II). Methods: Using an instrument that was designed and calibrated for this purpose, maximum foot length, width and height were obtained in 1005 schoolchildren. Results: The findings indicate that the age of onset of pubertal foot growth spur was 7–8 years in girls, and 8–9 years in boys. Growth in foot length stabilized in both sexes after 12 years of age. In boys, a strong correlation was found between height and foot length (r = 0.884; p < 0.047), and between body mass index (BMI) and forefoot width at 12 years of age (r = 0.935; p < 0.020). A strong correlation was found between height and forefoot width at 6 years in girls (r = 0.719; p < 0.001), as well as between BMI and metatarsal width in 10 years-old girls (r = 0.812; p <0.001). Conclusions: The average increase in foot length and width that precedes the onset of Tanner’s stage II in both girls and boys can be considered as a useful biological indicator of the onset of puberty.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age and Gender on Normalized Foot Arch Height in Childhood and Adolescence: Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyue-nam Park ◽  
Eun-kyung Koh ◽  
Do-young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Normalized arch height (NAH), which can be calculated as the instep height (IH) divided by total foot length (TFL), has been used when comparing the foot arch height, instead of navicular height (NH) because of the difficulty to palpate navicular tuberosity when measuring NH. The aim of current study was to investigate to investigate association between foot length and arch height, change in NAH over age, and distribution of foot type according to age in children and adolescent from 8 to 19 years. Foot scanning data of 1,451 children and adolescents were obtained. Four NAH indices were calculated as follows, 1) NH/TFL, 2) NH/instep length (IL), 3) IH/TFL and 4) IH/IL. There were significant positive relationships between foot length and arch height. Natural growth was observed in NH/TFL and NH/IL until 16 years old and IH/TFL and IH/IL between 11-13 and 14-16 years age groups. The proportions of pes planus also decreased, whereas the proportion of rectus foot type increased over age. Clinicians should be caution when diagnosing and designing non-surgical program for children with pes planus until 16 years old.

scholarly journals Adherence to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and Abdominal Obesity and Anthropometric Indices among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asal Latifi ◽  
Arezoo Rezazadeh ◽  
Zahra Shahvegharasl ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Abdominal obesity (AO) is a global health problem. Although few studies indicated that Nordic diet (ND) was associated with AO, no evidence exists for the association between ND and AO outside the Nordic countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship of ND with AO and anthropometric indices among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated anthropometric indices and usual dietary intakes of 294 Iranian women aged 20-50 years. We defined AO as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm and WC ≥ 90 (according to Iranian criteria). Association between qualitative variables and health eating index-nordic nutrition recommendation (HEI-NNR) score was determined using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. The relationship of HEI-NNR score with AO was analyzed by a logistic regression model after adjusting the effect of confounders. Results: The mean of HEI-NNR score was significantly higher in overweight and obese participants than participants without overweight (P = 0.04). No linear trend was found for body mass index, WC, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) through the HEI-NNR score even after adjustment for confounders. A significant positive association was found among HEI-NNR score, overweight, and obesity (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-2.96, P = 0.01). However, the association did not remain significant after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusion: Adherence to the ND was not associated with AO and anthropometric measurement among Iranian women. Future evidences from RCT and prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Study of the Demographic and Clinical Profile in a Neurocutaneous Rare Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jouybari ◽  
samira foji ◽  
Akram Sanagoo ◽  
Morteza oladenabidozin ◽  
Ali yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background : Neurofibromatosis is one of the most common dominantly inherited genetic disorders. The aim of this study was Study of the demographic and clinical profile in neurofibromatosis patient. Methods :This study is cross-sectional conducted in 2020 on the population of patients with neurofibromatosis. Patients who are members of Neurofibromatosis Association answered the online demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Results: 446 patients with neurofibromatosis participated in this study with a mean age of 33.39 ± 12.87 years. 297 patients (66.6%) were women and 378 (84.8%) patients had type 1 neurofibromatosis. The disease visibility was reported to be moderate in 254 patients (54.9%) and the severity of the disease was mild in 238 (53.4%) patients. The type of neurofibromatosis was not significantly related to gender, age groups, parental education, and ethnicity. The relationship between severity and age (p = <0.001) and gender (p = 0.042) was significant and the relationship between visibility and age (p = <0.001) was significant but despite the fact that the disease was more visible in men than women, it was not significantly related to gender.Conclusions: The study results showed that the most common complication in the study population was Café au lait spot. In addition, visibility and severity of the disease were mild and moderate, respectively.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Timed Up & Go Test with Physical Characteristics and Physical Activity in Healthy Japanese: The Toon Health Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Yuichi Uesugi ◽  
Koutatsu Maruyama ◽  
Isao Saito ◽  
Kiyohide Tomoka ◽  
Yasunori Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluated the Timed Up & Go test (TUG) among healthy Japanese individuals without walking problems to clarify the relationship of TUG performance with physical characteristics and physical activity according to sex and age groups. In total, 797 men and women (30–84 years old) in Toon City, Ehime Prefecture, were assessed from 2016 to 2017. The survey data for physical characteristics, TUG performance, and physical activity measures were used. After adjusting for age according to TUG time and categorization into sex and age groups (30–64 and 65–84 years), the relationship of TUG performance with physical characteristics and physical activities was confirmed using multiple regression analysis. In men, TUG performance was associated with work and household chores in the 30–64-year age group, whereas it was only associated with skeletal muscle mass among those older than 65 years. In women, TUG performance was associated with height and amount of exercise, regardless of age. In conclusion, TUG performance may be maintained by increasing the amount of physical activity for men through work and housework, and increasing the amount of exercise for women, which may prevent the need for long-term care in the future.

scholarly journals A study of postnatal foot length to determine gestational maturity in neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Omprakash S. Shukla ◽  
Jagruti J. Rathva
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Foot Length

Background: Gestational age is a major determinant of newborn prognosis. Early identification of gestational age is a major priority to reduce global mortality from preterm birth. Therefore this study was conducted with an aim to find out an alternate simple, low cost and reliable method to identify accurate gestational ages.Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out at Rukmani Chainani Maternity and Neonatal Unit, SSGH and Medical College, Baroda from December 2019 to May 2020. Total 500 live newborns of different gestational ages within 72 hrs of birth which were appropriate for gestational age were enrolled in this study. Foot length, head circumference, crown heel length and weight were measured. Gestational age was estimated by antenatal USG, Ballard scoring and LMP. Correlation of foot length to gestational age and other anthropometric variables was done.Results: There was statistically significant positive correlation found between foot length and gestational age (correlation coefficient of 0.944 and p value of <0.0001). There was also positive correlation found between foot length and weight, head circumference and length with correlation coefficient of 0.942, 0.888 and 0.906, respectively. Using ROC curve, foot length cut-off value of 7.2 cm can be used for identifying preterm babies with sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 95.6%. Regression equation for gestational age calculation was GA=6.669+4.0601[FL].Conclusions: This study had demonstrated that Foot length is a simple and reliable anthropometric measurement to assess gestational age and to screen prematurity. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document