scholarly journals The Effects of Allopurinol on Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Farideh Ranjbaran ◽  
◽  
Hamid Reza Jamilian ◽  
Bahman Sadeghi Sade ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aim: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common mental health condition, with a severe decline in performance, disability, and a 15% risk of suicide. Allopurinol increases the level of tryptophan in the body by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, and by elevating the level of tryptophan, i.e., a precursor to serotonin. Accordingly, it can improve the symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the impact of allopurinol on MDD. Methods & Materials: In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients with MDD, diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition-Third Edition (DSM IV-TR) were randomly (paired & individual patient records) divided into two equal groups. Both research groups received 40 mg of citalopram daily for 6 weeks. In addition to citalopram, the intervention group received 300 mg allopurinol daily and the control group received a placebo. At the end of the third and sixth weeks, the examined patients were tested for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1394.68). Also, it was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT201508277373n6). Results: The Mean±SD HDRS’s score, after 3 weeks of treatment, in the control and allopurinol groups was measured as 28.42±3.1 and 23.02±3.4, respectively. After 6 weeks after treatment, the Mean±SD depression score in the control and allopurinol groups was equal to 23.28±4.1 and 20.4±1.2, in sequence. A significant difference was observed between the research groups; thus, the intervention group obtained a lower mean score in the HDRS than the controls. Conclusion: Allopurinol can improve the symptoms of depression and can also be used as an adjunct in the treatment of depression.

The Effect of Single-Dose Massage Session on Autonomic Activity, Mood, and Affective Responses in Major Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Hohl ◽  
Andréa Camaz Deslandes ◽  
Cláudia Helena Cerqueira Mármora
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Frequency Power

Background: Massage therapy (MT) is a holistic procedure that includes hand pressure (HP), therapeutic communication (TC), and attentive care (AC); together, these procedures could decrease symptoms of depression. Purpose: To study the influence of TC and AC during MT. Methods: Within-subject experimental design with counterbalancing order of treatment. Comparison analysis of the effect of a typical Swedish massage session (SM) with a “sham” massage (ShM; without HP) on the heart rate variability (HRV) mood and affective responses of patients with major depressive disorder ( N = 11). During the ShM, clay stones were randomly placed on the body, and the patients were informed about the (sham) therapeutic effect of stones. Findings: A main effect of time showed that after intervention, both SM and ShM increased the HRV (high-frequency power; F[1, 10] = 7.58, p = .02) and reduced scores for anxiety ( F[1, 10] = 37.57, p < .001), other feelings ( F[1, 10] = 22.64, p = .001), and physical sedation ( F[1, 10] = 10.72, p = .008). The SM was associated with more positive affective responses than ShM (qualitative analysis). Conclusions: AC and TC included in MT session improved mood and HRV in the absence of HP. Additional effect on affective responses was observed owing to the HP.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Patterns Associated With Treatment Response in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadil Bharwani ◽  
Asem Bala ◽  
Michael Surette ◽  
John Bienenstock ◽  
Simone N. Vigod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Compelling animal data exists examining the impact of the gut microbiome on the brain, but work is required to translate these findings in a clinical population. We sought to do this by exploring the effects of antidepressant medications on the gut microbiota, and establishing a baseline Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) gut phenotype. Methods: Participants with a primary diagnosis of MDD (n = 15) who were nonmedicated were recruited and followed over 6 months. Stool samples were collected prior to treatment initiation and 3 and 6 months following treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed in order to analyze the gut microbial community profile. Symptom severity was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Alpha diversity metrics revealed no significant difference in the community diversity across any of the time-points. Results: Comparison of within-group versus between-group distances revealed a lack of clustering of samples based on time-point, suggesting no significant change in the microbiota across treatment duration. When analyzed based on treatment response, however, patients in the responder group exhibited greater phylogenetic diversity than non-responders (Mann-Whitney U = 5, p = 0.026). At 3-months, 35 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were significantly different between groups and at 6-months, 42 OTUs were significantly different between responders and non-responders. Conclusions: These observations indicate that antidepressant medications alter the gut microbiota of patients with MDD, with disparate effects in responders versus non responders. This supports the concept of a microbiota phenotype associate with treatment response in MDD.

scholarly journals Cognition and Its Association with Psychosocial and Occupational Functioning during Treatment with Escitalopram in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report: La Cognition Et Son Association Avec Le Fonctionnement Psychosocial Et Professionnel Durant Le Traitement Par Escitalopram Chez Des Patients Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur: Une Étude Can-Bind-1

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097482
Author(s):  
Shane J. McInerney ◽  
Trisha Chakrabarty ◽  
Malgorzata Maciukiewicz ◽  
Benicio N. Frey ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in both cognition and functioning. However, whether cognitive deficits significantly contribute to impaired psychosocial and occupational functioning, independent of other depressive symptoms, is not well established. We examined the relationship between cognitive performance and functioning in depressed patients before and after antidepressant treatment using secondary data from the first Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression-1 study. Methods: Cognition was assessed at baseline in unmedicated, depressed participants with MDD ( n = 207) using the Central Nervous System Vital Signs computerized battery, psychosocial functioning with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and occupational functioning with the Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale (LEAPS). Cognition ( n = 181), SDS ( n = 175), and LEAPS ( n = 118) were reassessed after participants received 8 weeks of open-label escitalopram monotherapy. A series of linear regressions were conducted to determine (1) whether cognitive functioning was associated with psychosocial and occupational functioning prior to treatment, after adjusting for overall depressive symptom severity and (2) whether changes in cognitive functioning after an 8-week treatment phase were associated with changes in psychosocial and occupational functioning, after adjusting for changes in overall symptom severity. Results: Baseline global cognitive functioning, after adjusting for depression symptom severity and demographic variables, was associated with the SDS work/study subscale (β = −0.17; P = 0.03) and LEAPS productivity subscale (β = −0.17; P = 0.05), but not SDS total (β = 0.19; P = 0.12) or LEAPS total (β = 0.41; P = 0.17) scores. Although LEAPS and SDS scores showed significant improvements after 8 weeks of treatment ( P < 0.001), there were no significant associations between changes in cognitive domain scores and functional improvements. Conclusion: Cognition was associated with occupational functioning at baseline, but changes in cognition were not associated with psychosocial or occupational functional improvements following escitalopram treatment. We recommend the use of more comprehensive functional assessments to determine the impact of cognitive change on functional outcomes in future research.

scholarly journals Theta burst stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Voigt ◽  
Andrew F. Leuchter ◽  
Linda L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be refractory to or have contraindications that preclude treatment with antidepressant pharmacotherapies. Alternative therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) continue to evolve, and include theta burst stimulation (TBS), which has advantages over conventional rTMS. The aim of this study was to identify and meta-analyze efficacy data from all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating TBS as a treatment for MDD. Published reports of RCTs (January 1, 2010 to October 23, 2020) were identified via systematic searches in computerized databases, followed by review of individual reports for inclusion. Inclusion criteria included primary diagnosis of MDD ≥ 1 week duration of therapy with ≥10 sessions, and treatment with any form of TBS. The Cochrane GRADE methodology and PRISMA criteria were used for evaluation of individual trials. Data from ten RCTs were included, representing 667 patients. Of these, 8 RCTs compared TBS to sham treatment and one compared TBS to standard rTMS (i.e., high frequency stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [HFL]). Quality of evidence assessment yielded high confidence in the finding of TBS being superior to sham on response measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) (RR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.55; P = 0.007; I2 = 40%). Comparison of HRSD response rates for TBS versus rTMS produced no statistically significant difference (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.23; P = 0.80; I2 = 0%). The incidence of adverse events between TBS and rTMS was not statistically different. The findings of a positive effect of TBS vs. sham, and noninferiority of TBS vs. standard HFL rTMS support the continued development of TBS to treat depression.

Emotional availability in women with bipolar disorder and major depression: A longitudinal pregnancy cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742199879
Author(s):  
Pavitra Aran ◽  
Andrew J Lewis ◽  
Stuart J Watson ◽  
Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Megan Galbally
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Interaction Quality ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Poorer mother–infant interaction quality has been identified among women with major depression; however, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of bipolar disorder. This study sought to compare mother–infant emotional availability at 6 months postpartum among women with perinatal major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and no disorder (control). Methods: Data were obtained for 127 mother–infant dyads from an Australian pregnancy cohort. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 was used to diagnose major depressive disorder ( n = 60) and bipolar disorder ( n = 12) in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks) and review diagnosis at 6 months postpartum. Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, along with self-report psychotropic medication use. Mother and infant’s interaction quality was measured using the Emotional Availability Scales when infants reached 6 months of age. Multivariate analyses of covariance examining the effects of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder on maternal emotional availability (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and child emotional availability (responsiveness, involvement) were conducted. Results: After controlling for maternal age and postpartum depressive symptoms, perinatal disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder) accounted for 17% of the variance in maternal and child emotional availability combined. Compared to women with major depressive disorder and their infants, women with bipolar disorder and their infants displayed lower ratings across all maternal and child emotional availability qualities, with the greatest mean difference seen in non-intrusiveness scores. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perinatal bipolar disorder may be associated with additional risk, beyond major depressive disorder alone, to a mother and her offspring’s emotional availability at 6 months postpartum, particularly in maternal intrusiveness.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Liothyronine on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Memory Deficit in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Mohagheghi ◽  
Asghar Arfaie ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Masoud Nouri ◽  
Salman Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Impact

Introduction and Objective. Despite the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), its cognitive side effects make it less popular. This study investigated the impact of liothyronine on ECT-induced memory deficit in patients with MDD.Methodology. This is a double-blind clinical trial, in which 60 patients with MDD who were referred for ECT were selected. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Patients were divided randomly into two groups to receive either liothyronine (50 mcg every morning) or placebo. After the assessment with Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before first session of ECT, posttests were repeated again, two months after the completion of ECT.Findings. By controlling the pretest scores, the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group in delayed recall, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, and attention/concentration scales (P<0.05).Conclusion. Liothyronine may prevent ECT-induced memory impairment in patients with MDD. This study has been registered in IRCT underIRCT201401122660N2.

The Role of Major Depressive Disorder and its Moderating Effect on the Impact of Exposure to Violence for Predicting Recidivism among Juvenile Offenders: A Survival Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 003288552110481
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

Past research has indicated that Major Depressive Disorder and exposure to violence are risk factors for offending. However, researchers have yet to examine how this disorder may predict recidivism risk among juvenile offenders and how the disorder moderates the effect of exposure to violence. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the impact of Major Depressive Disorder on time to recidivism. Cox proportional hazard modeling was applied to examine Major Depressive Disorder as a moderator of exposure to violence. Results indicated that participants with Major Depressive Disorder demonstrate greater risk for recidivism post-adjudication. The proposed moderation effect was not supported.

Augmentation strategies in the treatment of major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S407-S407
Author(s):  
S. Bise ◽  
B. Kurtovic ◽  
D. Begic ◽  
O. Cemalovic
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Augmentation Therapy ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Augmentation Strategy ◽  
Competing Interest

Augmentation strategies for the treatment of Major depressive disorder (MDD) are needed when patients with MDD have a partial, or not responded to antidepressant monotherapy. The focus of augmentation therapy has been combining an antidepressant (AD) medication with another AD. Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are becoming commonly used to augment antidepressants. Beyond AD and AAP, alternative augmentation strategies include mood stabilizers (MS).AimTo analyze the characteristics of therapy in patients with diagnosis of MDD and to investigate the frequency of augmentation therapy.MethodStudy included 28 patients hospitalized during one year with MDD diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed with x2 and t-test.ResultAmong patients with MDD there were 18 (64.28%) women with an average age 57.5 and 10 (35.71%) men with an average age 53.5. Of the 28 patients with MDD, 25 (89.28%) were treated with a combination therapy, and monotherapy in the remaining 3 patients (10.71%). Of 25 patients with augmentation strategy treatment, 22 (88%) used two medications and the remaining 3 (12%) tree psychotropic medications (AAP, AD, MS). The most frequent combinations were a combination of AD and AAP (17 patients, 68%). Beyond that frequent combination were AD and MS (6 patients, 24%). Two patients used combination two AAP, and one patient with two AD and one patients used AAP and MS.ConclusionAugmentation strategy is often used in patients with MDD. There is no significant difference in the use combination therapy based on gender and age.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Haematological and Haemostatic Changes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder among Nigerians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba A. Ekun
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: A link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and haematological as well as co-agulation disorders has been postulated. This study aims to evaluate haematological and haemostatic changes among Nigerians with major depressive disorder Methods: Two hundred volunteers consisting of an equal number of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on DMS-IV criteria and apparently healthy control participated in this study. The blood sample was collected into tri-sodium citrate K2EDTA bottles respectively and was evaluated for some haemostatic parameters , using ELISA, Clauss, Quick’s One Stage, Proctor and Rapaport’s methods. Results: The mean WBC, hemoglobin and differential lymphocyte were significantly higher among MDD total volunteers (p < 0.001). The red cell indices and platelet count were lower among MDD (p <0.001). Also the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, protein-C and erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were all raised (p <0.001) among volunteers with MDD. Positive associations existed be-tween MCV and RBC (r: 0.364; p<0.001), PT and APTT (r: 0.319 p <0.001), APTT and fibrinogen (r: 0.239, p = 0.017) as well as PT and fibrinogen (r: 0.275 p = 0.006) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Changes in total leucocytes count, lymphocytes values and haemostatic parameters among volunteers with depression may impacts deleterious effects on the immune response as well as haemostatic homeostasis, while decreased red cell indices may suggest occult nutritional anaemia.

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