scholarly journals Haematological and Haemostatic Changes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder among Nigerians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba A. Ekun
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: A link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and haematological as well as co-agulation disorders has been postulated. This study aims to evaluate haematological and haemostatic changes among Nigerians with major depressive disorder Methods: Two hundred volunteers consisting of an equal number of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on DMS-IV criteria and apparently healthy control participated in this study. The blood sample was collected into tri-sodium citrate K2EDTA bottles respectively and was evaluated for some haemostatic parameters , using ELISA, Clauss, Quick’s One Stage, Proctor and Rapaport’s methods. Results: The mean WBC, hemoglobin and differential lymphocyte were significantly higher among MDD total volunteers (p < 0.001). The red cell indices and platelet count were lower among MDD (p <0.001). Also the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, protein-C and erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were all raised (p <0.001) among volunteers with MDD. Positive associations existed be-tween MCV and RBC (r: 0.364; p<0.001), PT and APTT (r: 0.319 p <0.001), APTT and fibrinogen (r: 0.239, p = 0.017) as well as PT and fibrinogen (r: 0.275 p = 0.006) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Changes in total leucocytes count, lymphocytes values and haemostatic parameters among volunteers with depression may impacts deleterious effects on the immune response as well as haemostatic homeostasis, while decreased red cell indices may suggest occult nutritional anaemia.

Antidepressants Augmented with Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
S. Bise ◽  
G. Sulejmanpasic ◽  
D. Begic ◽  
M. Ahmic
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Therapy

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) does not consistently respond to any single antidepressant (AD) therapy. Adjunctive therapy with atypical antipsychotics (AA) showed higher response rates compared with AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole, an oral quinolinone, is the first AA agent to be approved in the US as adjunctive treatment in adult patients with MDD.Aim The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive low-dose aripiprazole combined with AD versus AD monotherapy in patients with MDD with minimal improvement after 4 weeks of prior AD monotherapy.MethodsTen patients with MDD and a history of minimal improvement to 4 weeks of AD monotherapy (escitalopram 10–15 mg/day, sertralin 50–100 mg/day) were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one (n = 5) with AD plus aripiprazole 5–7.5 mg/day and the other (n = 5) with AD alone. After baseline assessment, the subjects were followed up at weeks 2, and 4. The primary efficacy was the mean change in (HAM-D17) and CGI-I.ResultsThe aripiprazole group exhibited significantly better efficacy than the AD group in mean total score changes of HAM-D17 and CGI from the baseline to weeks 2, and 4. The item “work and social activities” of HAM-D 17 showed significant improvement at week 4, and the item “somatic symptoms (GI)” showed significant improvement at week 2.ConclusionsAdjunctive aripiprazole therapy significantly improved depressive symptoms in MDD who didn’t respond to AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole augmentation is an efficacious, well-tolerated and safe treatment for patients with MDD.

scholarly journals Plasma metabolomic profiling of a ketamine and placebo crossover trial of major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 (10) ◽  
pp. 3017-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruin Moaddel ◽  
Michelle Shardell ◽  
Mohammed Khadeer ◽  
Jacqueline Lovett ◽  
Bashkim Kadriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Healthy Control

Major depressive disorder history among patients who sought blepharoplasty operation in a private ophthalmology hospital in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S535-S535
Author(s):  
D. Nagui Rizk ◽  
M. Abo Ghanima
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Past History ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Number Of Individuals

BackgroundMuch attention has focused on body dysmorphic disorder among patients undergoing plastic surgeries, but there has been little evaluation of their past history of major depressive disorder (MDD).AimTo estimate the prevalence rate of past history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in patients undergoing Blepharoplasty operation in a private ophthalmology hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.MethodsAll patients who have undergone blepharoplasty operation during the period from 5 April to 4 October 2016 (6 months) were included. Previous psychiatric history was taken from the patients by psychiatric assessment and self-assessment questionnaire, diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) confirmed previously by consultant psychiatrists in patients’ health records was included.ResultsOne hundred and forty-eight persons undergone blepharoplasty in the hospital from 5 April to 4 October 2016. They were 89 females (60%) and 59 males (40%). Among those 148 persons, 10 patients were previously diagnosed with major depressive disorder by consultant psychiatrists with a percentage of 6.8% where 5 were females (5.6% of 89 females) and 5 were males (8.5% of 59 males).ConclusionsThe number of individuals who present for blepharoplasty operation with a history of Major Depressive disorder needs to take a special consideration. A link between MDD and cosmetic operation decision should be further studied.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Molecular connectivity disruptions in males with major depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajapillai LI Pillai ◽  
Mengru Zhang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
J John Mann ◽  
Maria A Oquendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Molecular Connectivity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Synaptic Receptors ◽  
Molecular Brain

In most positron emission tomography (PET) molecular brain imaging studies, regions of interest have been defined anatomically and examined in isolation. However, by defining regions based on physiology and examining relationships between them, we may derive more sensitive measures of receptor abnormalities in conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Using an average of 52 normalized binding potential maps, acquired using radiotracer [11C]-WAY100635 and full arterial input analysis, we identified two molecular volumes of interest (VOIs) with contiguously high serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) binding sites: the olfactory sulcus (OLFS) and a band of tissue including piriform, olfactory, and entorhinal cortex (PRF). We applied these VOIs to a separate cohort of 25 healthy control males and 16 males with MDD who received [11C]-WAY100635 imaging. Patients with MDD had significantly higher binding than controls in both VOIs, ( p < 0.01). To identify potential homeostatic disruptions in MDD, we examined molecular connectivity, i.e. the correlation between binding of raphe nucleus (RN) 5-HT1A autoreceptors and post-synaptic receptors in molecular VOIs. Molecular connectivity was significant in healthy controls ( p < 0.01), but not in patients with MDD. This disruption in molecular connectivity allowed identification of MDD cases with high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (88%).

High-dose desvenlafaxine in outpatients with major depressive disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Ferguson ◽  
Karen A. Tourian ◽  
Gregory R. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveThis study investigated the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with high-dose desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn this multicenter, open-label study, adult outpatients with MDD aged 18–75 were treated with flexible doses of desvenlafaxine (200–400 mg/d) for ≤ 1 year. Safety assessments included monitoring of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), patient discontinuations due to adverse events, electrocardiograms, vital signs, and laboratory determinations. The primary efficacy measure was mean change from baseline in the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D(17)] total score.ResultsThe mean daily desvenlafaxine dose range over the duration of the trial was 267–356 mg (after titration). The most frequent TEAEs in the safety population (n = 104) were nausea (52%) and headache (41%), dizziness (31%), insomnia (29%), and dry mouth (27%). All TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. Thirty-four (33%) patients discontinued from the study because of TEAEs; nausea (12%) and dizziness (9%) were the most frequently cited reasons. The mean change in HAM-D(17) total score for the intent-to-treat population (n = 99) was −9.9 at the last on-therapy visit in the last-observation-carried-forward analysis and −14.0 at month 12 in the observed cases analysis.ConclusionHigh-dose desvenlafaxine (200–400 mg/d) was generally safe and effective in the long-term treatment of MDD.

Mean Beck Depression Inventory-II Scores of Outpatients with Dysthymic or Recurrent-Episode Major Depressive Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Ball ◽  
Robert A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Recurrent Episode ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Comorbid Depressive Disorder

The Beck Depression Inventory-II, published in 1996, was administered to 100 adult outpatients (Age M = 43.1 yr., SD = 15.6) who were diagnosed with a recurrent-episode Major Depressive Disorder and 100 outpatients (Age M = 42.8 yr., SD = 15.7) who were diagnosed with a Dysthymic Disorder. Each diagnostic group was composed of 50 men and 50 women who did not have a comorbid depressive disorder. The mean Beck Depression Inventory-II total score and the mean number of symptoms endorsed by the outpatients with a Major Depressive Disorder were significantly (ps < .001) higher than those for outpatients with a Dysthymic Disorder. The usefulness of the Beck Depression Inventory–II was discussed in helping clinicians discriminate between these two unipolar disorders.

scholarly journals Treating Depression Using Ketamine

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Clairmont Griffith ◽  
Ms. Bernice La France
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Unipolar major depressive disorder affects a significant number of individuals across the globe placing at the top of the list as the leading cause of disability, related to damaging ramifications on the well-being affected persons and the societies. The current standard antidepressants targeting monoamine systems take long in starting a response. Therefore, there is a need in depression patients that is yet to be satisfied efficacious and swiftly acting antidepressant like those containing ketamine agent. This paper attempts to proof why ketamine should be used to treat depression. It compares it with other agents like nitrous oxide and it evident that ketamine is much faster and more effective than current antidepressants.

scholarly journals The role of blame-related action tendencies in the vulnerability to major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suqian Duan ◽  
Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Roland Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Cognitive Markers ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Action Tendencies

AbstractBackgroundPersisting self-blaming emotional biases were previously associated with vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD). More specifically self-contempt/disgust biases distinguished remitted MDD, compared with never-depressed control participants. The contribution of action tendencies to MDD vulnerability and their relationship with blame-related emotions to prepare for subsequent behaviour is elusive. Here, we investigated whether maladaptive action tendencies such as “creating a distance from oneself” and “hiding” are associated with MDD vulnerability, as well as with self-disgust/contempt and shame respectively.Methods76 participants with medication-free remitted MDD and 44 healthy control (HC) participants without a personal or family history of MDD completed the value-related moral sentiment task, which measured their blame-related emotions during hypothetical social interactions and a novel task to assess their blame-related action tendencies.ResultsAs predicted, the MDD group exhibited a higher proneness to feeling like hiding and creating a distance from themselves compared with the HC group. Interestingly, apologising for one’s wrongdoing, was associated with all self-blaming emotions including shame, guilt, self-contempt/disgust and self-indignation, but was more common in HC. In contrast, apologising and perceiving to be in control of one’s friend’s wrongdoings were more common in MDD. Although shame was indeed associated with hiding, this was also true of guilt. Self-disgust/contempt was associated with attacking rather than creating a distance from oneself.ConclusionsMDD vulnerability was associated with specific maladaptive action tendencies which were not clearly predicted by the type of emotion, thus unveiling novel cognitive markers and neurocognitive treatment targets.General Scientific summaryThis study confirmed the hypothesis that specific maladaptive action tendencies related to self-blame, such as feeling like hiding and feeling like creating a distance from oneself, were distinctive of people with major depressive disorder, even on remission of symptoms. These action tendencies were not clearly predicted by the type of emotion experienced, showing the importance of assessing them directly. This calls for novel psychological and neurocognitive treatments specifically aiming at maladaptive action tendencies which have so far not been directly addressed in standard assessments and treatments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Allopurinol on Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Farideh Ranjbaran ◽  
◽  
Hamid Reza Jamilian ◽  
Bahman Sadeghi Sade ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aim: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common mental health condition, with a severe decline in performance, disability, and a 15% risk of suicide. Allopurinol increases the level of tryptophan in the body by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, and by elevating the level of tryptophan, i.e., a precursor to serotonin. Accordingly, it can improve the symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the impact of allopurinol on MDD. Methods & Materials: In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients with MDD, diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition-Third Edition (DSM IV-TR) were randomly (paired & individual patient records) divided into two equal groups. Both research groups received 40 mg of citalopram daily for 6 weeks. In addition to citalopram, the intervention group received 300 mg allopurinol daily and the control group received a placebo. At the end of the third and sixth weeks, the examined patients were tested for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1394.68). Also, it was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT201508277373n6). Results: The Mean±SD HDRS’s score, after 3 weeks of treatment, in the control and allopurinol groups was measured as 28.42±3.1 and 23.02±3.4, respectively. After 6 weeks after treatment, the Mean±SD depression score in the control and allopurinol groups was equal to 23.28±4.1 and 20.4±1.2, in sequence. A significant difference was observed between the research groups; thus, the intervention group obtained a lower mean score in the HDRS than the controls. Conclusion: Allopurinol can improve the symptoms of depression and can also be used as an adjunct in the treatment of depression.

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