Estimation of Fetal Weight by Clinical Methods and Ultrasonography and Comparing With Actual Birth Weight

Introduction: Assessment of fetal weight is a vital factor in antenatal care, not only in the management of labor and delivery but also in identifying fetal weight disorders. Objective: This study compares the accuracy of clinical methods and ultrasonography in Estimating Fetal Weight (EFW) with Actual Birth Weight (ABW) in term pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This diagnostic test evaluation study was performed on 247 single-term pregnant women admitted to an educational, therapeutic hospital in Rasht City, Iran. In this study, abdominal palpation, Johnson’s formula, Insler’s formula, and ultrasonography were used to estimate fetal weight. One-sample t-test, the Chi-square, and the Bland-Altman plot were used to compare the diagnostic value of fetal weight estimation methods. The accuracy of tests was estimated based on sensitivity and specificity in fetal weight groups (below 2500 g, 2500- 4000 g, and above 4000 g) by the Bland-Altman plot. Results: The participating pregnant women had a Mean±SD age of 28.86±4.24 years, body mass index of 32.98±6.0 kg/m2, and gestational age of 39±1.04 wk. Their Mean±SD actual birth weight was 3343.352±432.799 gr, Also, the Mean±SD birth weight found by abdominal palpation was 3371.053±345.561 gr, Mean±SD birth weight by Johnson’s formula 3041.206 ±411 gr, by Insler’s formula 3556.316±531.567 gr, and by ultrasonography 3294.28±380.09 gr, Based on the one-sample t-test, the abdominal palpation had the lowest (P=0.261), and the Insler’s formula (P=0.001) had the highest difference with the actual birth weight. Regarding the fetal weight groups, Insler’s formula (96.33%) was highly accurate in Low Birth Weight (LBW), but abdominal palpation (91.09%) was more accurate in normal weight and macrosomia (94.72%) groups. There was a significant difference between clinical methods with ABW (P=0.026). Conclusion: Clinical methods are accessible, affordable, and available and can estimate fetal weight in developing countries, especially in our country.

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ESTIMATION OF FETAL WEIGHT BY CLINICAL METHODS AND ULTRASOUND AND CORRELATING ITS ACCURACY WITH ACTUAL BIRTH WEIGHT IN TERM PREGNANCIES AT ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR

10.36106/2332504 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

Kumari Ragini ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Reena Kumari ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Term Pregnancy ◽

Abdominal Girth ◽

Medical College ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Clinical Methods ◽

Fetal Birth Weight ◽

A Prospective Study

Objective:This study was to estimate the fetal weight in term pregnancy by clinical methods and ultrasound and to compare the results with actual birth weight (ABW). Material and Methods:This study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar from December 2019 to May 2020. It was a prospective study covering 200 pregnant women at term gestation. Results: Estimated birth weight by abdominal girth × symphysis fundal height (AG × SFH) formula was closest to the ABW (P = 0.060), as compared to the estimated birth weight by Johnson's formula (P = 0.000) and Hadlock's formula (P = 0.000). Therefore, of the three formulae studied, AG × SFH formula had better predictive value as compared to Johnson's and Hadlock's formulae. The accuracy of AG × SFH (Insler's formula) for estimating the fetal weight at term was found to be comparable to Hadlock's formula (P= 0.104). Conclusion: Clinical estimation of birth weight denitely has a role in the management of labor and delivery. AG × SFH is a simple, easy, costeffective, and universally applicable method to predict fetal birth weight which can be used even by paramedics like midwives and also in centers where ultrasound is not available.

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Estimation of fetal weight by ultrasonography after preterm premature rupture of membranes: comparison of different formulas

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2016-0258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sertac Esin ◽

Mutlu Hayran ◽

Yusuf Aytac Tohma ◽

Mahmut Guden ◽

Ismail Alay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Preterm Premature Rupture ◽

Absolute Percentage Error ◽

The Mean ◽

Weight Groups

AbstractObjective:To compare different ultrasonographic fetal weight estimation formulas in predicting the fetal birth weight of preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) fetuses.Methods:Based on the ultrasonographic measurements, the estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated according to the published formulas. The comparisons used estimated birth weight (EBW) and observed birth weight (OBW) to calculate the mean absolute percentage error [(EBW–OBW)/OBW×100], mean percentage error [(EBW–OBW)/OBW×100)] and their 95% confidence intervals.Results:There were 234 PPROM patients in the study period. The mean gestational age at which PPROM occured was 31.2±3.7 weeks and the mean gestational age of delivery was 32.4±3.2 weeks. The mean birth weight was 1892±610 g. The median absolute percentage error for 33 formulas was 11.7%. 87.9% and 21.2% of the formulas yielded inaccurate results when the cut-off values for median absolute percentage error were 10% and 15%, respectively. The Vintzileos’ formula was the only method which had less than or equal to 10% absolute percentage error in all age and weight groups.Conclusions:For PPROM patients, most of the formulas designed for sonographic fetal weight estimation had acceptable performance. The Vintzileos’ method was the only formula having less than 10% absolute percentage error in all gestational age and weight groups; therefore, it may be the preferred method in this cohort. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) before delivery had no impact on the performance of the formulas in terms of mean percentage errors.

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ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND VERSUS CLINICAL FETAL WEIGHT ESTIMATION AT TERM WITH ACTUAL BIRTH WEIGHT IN KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL

European Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.47672/ejhs.147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Dr. Daniel K. Wanjaria ◽

Prof. Koigi Kamau

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Ultra Sound ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

National Hospital ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Kenyatta National Hospital ◽

Fetal Weight Estimation ◽

Clinical Methods

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to correlate fetal weight estimation by ultrasound and clinical methods with actual birth weight in KNH.Methodology: This is a prospective comparative study. The design was suitable because it enabled comparison of the predictive value, sensitivity and specificity in estimating fetal weight which is known after birth. Study area was KNH Obstetric wards. The study population was all pregnant women admitted to obstetric wards for elective caesarean delivery and study period was February -March 2016. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Categorical variables were presented as proportions in tables and graphs, bars or pie charts). Continuous variable were summarized as means or medians and presented in table form.Results: The findings show that the correlation between actual weight and Ultra Sound estimated weight was significant (r=0.65, p<0.000). The findings further showed that the proportion of Ultra Sound methods estimations within 10% of the actual birth weight was 44% of the overall weights. Clinical methods estimations within 10% of the actual birth weight were 47% of the overall weights. The mean difference between actual birth weights and ultra sound estimated weights were statistically insignificantThe findings revealed that the correlation between actual weight and clinical methods estimated weight was stronger (r=0.79, p<0.000) as compared to the correlation between actual weight and Ultra Sound estimated weight (r=0.65, p<0.000).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The finding of this study may influence further studies and decision on estimation of fetal weight. If clinical estimation is equal or same as ultrasound estimation then it can be recommended that all mothers undergo this instead of ultrasound for estimation of fetal weight. The results may be shared with the University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital and the Ministry of Health and any policy change resulting from this can be rolled down to counties.

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Hubungan Tekanan Darah Ibu Hamil Aterm Dengan Berat Badan Lahir di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v2i2.121 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Feby Andammori ◽

Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Record ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

T Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstrakTinggi rendahnya tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dalam kehamilan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap berat badan lahir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan tekanan darah ibu hamil aterm dengan berat badan lahir di RSUP dr M. Djamil Padang. Metode penelitian : Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan survei analitik dengan menggunakan studi komparatif dengan design penelitian Cross Sectional Study. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari sub bagian Rekam Medik (Medical Record) RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang bulan Januari 2010 – Desember 2012 dengan jumlah sampel 34 orang ibu hamil yang tidak hipertensi dan 34 orang ibu hamil yang mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilannya. Hasil penelitian : Ditemukan rata-rata berat badan lahir bayi yang dilahirkan oleh kelompok ibu yang tidak mengalami hipertensi pada kehamilannya adalah 3.408 (SD 307) gram dan rata-rata berat badan lahir bayi yang dilahirkan oleh kelompok ibu yang mengalami hipertensi pada kehamilannya adalah 2.799 (SD 413) gram. Dari hasil uji analisis Independent Sample T-test diperoleh hasil ditemukan adanya hubungan tekanan darah ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang p = 0,00 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Pemeriksaan kehamilan secara teratur penting untuk mengantisipasi adanya peningkatan tekanan darah ibu hamil yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap berat bayi lahir.Kata kunci: tekanan darah, berat badan lahir, ibu hamilAbstractHigh and low level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy has impact to birth weight. This research is purposed to identify the relation between aterm pregnant blood pressure and birth weight.Methods : This research is analytical survey which used comparative study with Cross Sectional Study design. This research used secondary data taken from Medical Record in RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang since Januari 2010 until December 2012 with number of samples are 34 pregnant women who have not hypertension and 34 pregnant women who have hypertension in pregnancy.The results: Research found that average of birth weight from non-hypertension pregnant woman is about 3,408 (SD 307) gr and average of birth weight from hypertension pregnant woman is about 2,799 (SD 413) gr. The result from Independent sample T-test analysis found that there is a relation between blood pressure in pregnancy with birth weight at RSUP dr. M.Djamil Padang p = 0.00 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Regular antenatal care is important to anticipate an increase in maternal blood pressure can affect birth weight.Keywords: blood pressure, birth weight, pregnant women

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The effects of body mass index, smoking and anemia on fetal birth weight

Perinatal Journal ◽

10.2399/prn.21.0292004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

Ersin Çintesun ◽

Feyza Nur İncesu Çintesun ◽

Meltem Aydoğdu ◽

Emine Taşkın ◽

Mete Can Ateş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fetal Birth Weight ◽

Smoking Group

Objective: Fetal growth is an important indicator of fetal health. Low birth weight (LBW) is also associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Numerous factors that affect fetal weight have been identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking, and anemia on fetal birth weight on term pregnant women who had vaginal delivery in our clinic. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. This study included patients who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery at our hospital between January 1st, 2018, and June 15th, 2020. Measurements of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels during birth supported the diagnosis of anemia. Hb levels were compared in three categories in this study: (1) Hb<10 g/dL; (2) ≥10<11 g/dL; and (3) Hb ≥11 g/dL. Anemia was defined as having a Hb level <11 mg/dL. Birth weight was categorized as LBW <2500 g; normal birth weight (NBW) as ≥2500–3999 g, and macrosomia as ≥4000 g. Results: Analysis was performed on 1428 pregnant women. There was a statistically significant difference for the Hct and Hb subgroups between the groups (p<0.05). Fetal birth weight was found higher in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group (3302.1± 381.5 g vs. 2839.7±491.5 g; p<0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and Hb levels positively predicted fetal birth weight (β=0.134; p<0.001 and β=0.051; p=0.046), smoking was negatively predicted fetal birth weight (β=-0.245; p<0.001). Conclusion: BMI, Hb levels, and smoking status during mothers’ delivery are effective on fetal weight. Smoking was the strongest predictor of fetal birth weight compared with the other variables.

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The Accuracy of the Weight of the Fetal Agency Using Ultrasound Based on the Formula Hadlock Compared to the Birth of New Body Weight

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i15.5741 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nurbaiti . ◽

Sri Haryati Gofar ◽

Samsun . ◽

Guntur Winarno ◽

Akhmadi .

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

T Test ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

Fetal Weight Estimation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fetal Birth Weight ◽

Estimated Fetal Weight

The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of the calculation of fetal weight estimation based on Hadlock’s formula with baby birth weight. The design of this research is quantitative analytic. The data is analyzed by the t-test. The results of this study showed that the analysis of the average comparison between TBJ (Fetal Weight Estimation) and BBL (Fetal Birth Weight) is 2623,60 with 2946,67. There is a significant difference with the value of sig.(2-tailed) 0,000 <0,05, which means there is a significant difference between the estimated fetal weight based on Hadlock’s formula with baby birth weight. Based on the result of the study of fetal weight interpretation using Hadlock’s formula, an accuracy of 89,34% was seen.

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Clinical formulas, mother's opinion and ultrasound in predicting birth weight

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802008000300002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 145-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria Regina Torloni ◽

Nelson Sass ◽

Jussara Leiko Sato ◽

Ana Carolina Pinheiro Renzi ◽

Maísa Fukuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

Abdominal Girth ◽

Fetal Weight Estimation ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Weight Prediction ◽

Estimate Fetal Weight ◽

Singleton Pregnancies

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate fetal weight estimation is important for labor and delivery management. So far, there has not been any conclusive evidence to indicate that any technique for fetal weight estimation is superior to any other. Clinical formulas for fetal weight estimation are easy to use but have not been extensively studied in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of clinical formulas for fetal weight estimation compared to maternal and ultrasound estimates. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study involving 100 full-term, cephalic, singleton pregnancies delivered within three days of fetal weight estimation. The setting was a tertiary public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Upon admission, the mother's opinion about fetal weight was recorded. Symphyseal-fundal height and abdominal girth were measured and two formulas were used to calculate fetal weight. An ultrasound scan was then performed by a specialist to estimate fetal weight. The four estimates were compared with the birth weight. The accuracy of the estimates was assessed by calculating the percentage that was within 10% of actual birth weight for each method. The chi-squared test was used for comparisons and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The birth weight was correctly estimated (Â± 10%) in 59%, 57%, 61%, and 65% of the cases using the mother's estimate, two clinical formulas, and ultrasound estimate, respectively. The accuracy of the four methods did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Clinical formulas for fetal weight prediction are as accurate as maternal and ultrasound estimates.

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Clinical utility of transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2015-0386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Felix K. Quist ◽

Roopali Bapat ◽

Helen K. Kuch-Kunich ◽

Kanayo Ezeanolue ◽

Saraswati Keeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Total Serum ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Bland Altman Plot ◽

Data Points ◽

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer

AbstractObjective:This is a comprehensive study designed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) in very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns of African American (AA) descent.Methods:TcB was conducted at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), temporal region and sternum within 2 h of total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements in newborns born at ≤32 weeks’ gestation prospectively. Average (AVG) TcB levels were also calculated. The relationships between TSB and TcB levels were analyzed using non-parametric Spearman bivariate correlations, a Bland-Altman plot procedure and a decision tree (DT) analysis.Results:One hundred newborns and 555 TSB data points were available. Eighty-nine percent of the newborns were AA. A significant correlation (P<0.0001) was observed between TSB and TcB values obtained at the ASIS (r=0.73), sternum (0.73), temporal region (0.61) and AVG (0.77). The Bland-Altman plot revealed a good agreement between AVG TcB values and TSB values. A DT analysis indicated that AVG TcB was also found to be the most significant predictor of TSB values in both the no phototherapy (PT) and biliblanket subgroups.Conclusion:TcB can be used reliably in VLBW AA newborns in the absence of overhead PT. The use of TcB in monitoring jaundice in VLBW newborns would help decrease the number of blood draws and cost of care.

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Accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation in full-term singleton pregnant women

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.1.373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emre Erdem Tas ◽

Edip Alptug Kir ◽

Gamze Yilmaz ◽

Ayse Filiz Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Full Term ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Primiparous Woman ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

Failure Group ◽

Fetal Weight Estimation ◽

Neonatal Birth Weight ◽

The Mean

Objectives: To investigate the factors which might influence the sonographic fetal weight estimation (SFWE) accuracy. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 949 singleton term pregnant women who delivered at a tertiary center, from January 2017 to December 2017. All participants’ maternal (i.e. parity, age, body mass index and gestational weight gain during pregnancy), fetal sonographic (i.e. fetal presentation, amniotic fluid index, localization of placenta and estimated fetal weight) and neonatal (birth weight and gender) characteristics were recorded. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean absolute percent error (APE) values of SFWE was 8.2±6.5 percent, and overall failure ratio (APE >10%) was 33%. In failure group, primiparous woman and cephalic presentation fetus were significantly more common compared to accuracy group (55.9% vs.44.8%; p=0.001 and 98% vs. 95.2%; p=0.03, respectively). In contrast, the mean neonatal birth weight (NBW) value was significantly lower in failure group compared to success group (3250±565 gr vs. 3404±410 gr; p=0.001). The correlation between SFWE and NBW was linear, however negative, and significant (p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that primiparous woman, cephalic presentation fetus and <3300 gr NBW were independent risk factors for the SFWE failure (relative risks were 1.6, 2.8 and 2.4 respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion: SFWE has a high correlation with NBW, however it’s accuracy is still unsatisfactory, and depend on many unpredictable and inconsistent factors. How to cite this:Tas EE, Kir EA, Yilmaz G, Yavuz AF. Accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation in full-term singleton pregnant women. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):34-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.373 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Study on the Application of GE-E10 Ultrasound Equipment to Estimate Fetus Weight and Compare Its Accuracy With Birth Weight

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50217/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maochun Zhang ◽

Jiao Chen ◽

Hongwei Zhang ◽

Yuanyuan Guo ◽

Honggui Zhou

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Full Term ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Fetal Macrosomia ◽

Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽

Two Parameter

Abstract Background: To explore the application of GE-E10 four-dimensional color ultrasound equipment for estimation of fetus weight and compare its accuracy with birth weight. Methods: A total of 160 singleton and full-term pregnant women who delivered successfully in our department of obstetrics and gynecology from March 2017 to October 2019 were randomly selected as the study objects. The fetus weight was estimated by using clinically used two-parameter formula and GE-E10 four-dimensional color ultrasound multi-parameter. The accuracy of the two methods in estimating fetal weight was compared and analyzed. Results: The 160 puerpera enrolled: average age (23.64±6.12) years, average gestational weeks (38.56±2.34), average gravidity (2.35±1.02) times. The accuracy of GE-E10 multi-parameter ultrasound in estimating fetal weight and birth weight was 92.50% (148/160), which was significantly higher than that estimated by two-parameter formula: 72.50% (116/160), (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of fetus weight estimated by GE-E10 multi-parameter ultrasound was 0.842 (0.024-0.768), which is higher than that estimated by two-parameter formula was 0.717 (0.103-0.832), (P<0.05). Conclusion: The accuracy of GE-E10 four-dimensional color ultrasound equipment in estimation of fetus weight is high and effective, which can be used for estimating fetal macrosomia effectively and providing guidance and reference for delivery of puerpera.

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