Intra-industry and inter-industry trade through the lens of comparative and absolute advantage

2016 ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
A. Gnidchenko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Absolute Advantage

The article surveys the literature that emphasizes the importance of comparative and absolute advantages for intra- and inter-industry trade. Two conclusions follow form the survey. First, unlike the traditional view, intra-industry trade is determined rather by technology than by increasing returns. Second, absolute advantages that have been ignored in international trade models for a long time play a vital role through their linkages with product quality and export diversification. We also discuss a new strand of literature that models international trade with the assumption of non-homothetic preferences.

ALTERING THE PATTERN OF TRADE IN THE WEALTH OF NATIONS: ADAM SMITH AND THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Reinhard Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
International Trade Theory ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Absolute Advantage

There are three different interpretations of Adam Smith’s trade theory in modern literature: first, the neoclassical theory of absolute advantage; second, an interpretation based on increasing returns; third, an interpretation of uneven development. These interpretations come to widely different conclusions, especially considering the development of the pattern of trade in Smith’s theory. I discuss how these three interpretations emerged. They do not stem from a more detailed analysis of Smith’s works itself but reflect changes within international trade theory. They all result from the fact that economists have imposed nineteenth- and twentieth-century modes of thoughts on Smith’s theory, forcing his writings into later-developed theoretical frameworks. In contrast to classical economists in the nineteenth century, these subsequent interpretations misrepresent Smith’s trade theory in order to portray him as a forerunner of later theories. The differing interpretations can thus be explained only against the backdrop of the development of international trade theory.

RESEARCH ON PREPARATION OF  GAMMA ORYZANOL ANTI-AGING CREAM

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Nguyet Le ◽  
Thi Kim Lien Phan
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Triterpene Alcohols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Gamma Oryzanol

Background and Objectives: For a long time, Asian women have known to use rice water, rice bran for skin care, lightening dark spots and slowing down the aging process. Gamma Oryzanol, an ester mixture of trans-ferulic acid with phytosterols and triterpene alcohols extracted from rice bran oil, has been shown to have beneficial effects on the skin, especially its antioxidant and anti-aging effect. The aims of this research were to formulate Gamma Oryzanol-loaded anti-aging cream and to evaluate the product quality. Materials and Methods: Gamma Oryzanol was imported from Japan. Some formulation parameters such as emulsifi-ers, performance modifiers were investigated and the product quality was evaluated according to the criteria of drugs and cosmetics. Results: The excipients were chosen including 1% (w/w) of Lunamer with 3% (w/w) of Prolipid as emulsifiers and 8% (w/w) of mango seed butter as a state modifier in the formulation of Gamma Oryzanol anti-aging cream. The cream is ivory-white, thick, smooth, fragrant-smelling and satisfied all criteria of developed specification. Conclusion: The study was successful in the preparation of Gamma Oryzanol anti-aging cream. Key words: Gamma Oryzanol, anti-aging cream, Franz cells.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN LOYALITAS NASABAH BANK SYARIAH MELALUI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN NASABAH DENGAN VARIABEL RELIGIUSITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi pada Bank Syariah di Kota Semarang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Fatmasaris Sukesti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Competitive Rivalry ◽  
Number Of Customers

<em>Competitive rivalry between conventional banks and Islamic banks make Islamic banks should be able to compete with conventional banks in providing good quality of service, product quality and customer satisfaction, thereby increasing the number of customers. Quality of service also can affect customer loyalty directly and indirectly. The quality of service and satisfaction to encourage customers to be loyal to a company's products and services that have an impact on the improvement of market share for a product. Quality of service and customer satisfaction, especially in service companies is very important in retaining customers in a long time. Quality of service and customer satisfaction will determine the performance of the company. Factors religiosity in Indonesia also played in determining and pushing for elections on islamic bank customers because the system for different results offered by the system of interest of conventional banks. These results indicate that the quality of service and level of customer satisfaction and religiosity jointly effect on customer loyalty. Quality of service and customer satisfaction levels also have an effect on customer loyalty which variabels most influence on customer loyalty is the degree of religiosity.</em>

scholarly journals From a smokehouse to a vacuum dehydrator

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Branislav Zlatkovic ◽  
Todor Vulic
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Great Honor ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vacuum Condensation ◽  
Vacuum Dehydration

The tradition of fruit dehydration in Serbia has been long and anviable. It seems that Serbian machine-building in the area of fruit processing technology has given its greatest contribution in this field. It has been one 100 years since the smoking house of Mr Stokovic, PhD was announced to be the best and the most promising plum dehydrator at the open competition organized in Topcider by the Ministry of Agriculture. It was the first real almost continual fruit dehydrator where plums were moved at certain intervals closer and closer to the source of heat. Such a concept of plum dehydration from lower to higher temperatures was held on even later in perhaps our most famous dehydrator CER. Even the smoky smell was retained but liquid fuel was used for technical purposes. For a long time, it has been a well- known fact that vacuum dehydration has many advantages. In our country there have been many attempts to make fruit dehydrator of greater capacities in which vacuum would be used. Of course, there have been many problems, both technical and technological, but today a hundred years after accepting Stojkovic?s smokehouse, it is our great honor to present to you the results of plum dehydration in a home-made vacuum condensation dehydrator. We hope that now path is widely open to high quality dehydration, and not only for that plum, but for fruit susceptible to oxidation which is the reason our food industry has not produced it so far. This is probably a farewell to the most dangerous, but for the product quality, the most necessary operation - sulphuration.

scholarly journals Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Vesna Mrdalj
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Well Data

This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.

scholarly journals Income Distribution, Product Quality, and International Trade

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Fajgelbaumy ◽  
Gene M. Grossman ◽  
Elhanan Helpman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Product Quality

Postharvest packaging.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Golding
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The One

Abstract Packaging is an essential component of getting horticultural produce (fruit, vegetables or cut flowers) from the farm to the consumer. Packaging allows for the ease of handling and serves a vital role to protect and maintain product quality through the supply chain. Packaging of horticultural produce can be made of a range of products such as wood, fibreboard, jute (hessian) or plastics, where each packaging type is suitable for different applications. The best packaging type is the one that meets its purpose.

Unicode Characters for Human Dentition

2010 ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Hiroo Tamagawa ◽  
Hideaki Amano ◽  
Naoji Hayashi ◽  
Yasuyuki Hirose
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Character Code ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Japan Industrial Standard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
E Mail

In this chapter, the authors report the minimal set of characters from the Unicode Standard that is sufficient for the notation of human dentition in Zsigmondy-Palmer style. For domestic reasons, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry expanded and revised the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) character code set in 2004 (JIS X 0213). More than 11,000 characters that seemed to be necessary for denoting and exchanging information about personal names and toponyms were added to this revision, which also contained the characters needed for denoting human dentition (dental notation). The Unicode Standard has been adopted for these characters as part of the double-byte character standard, which enabled, mainly in eastern Asian countries, the retrieval of human dentition directly on paper or displays of computers running Unicode-compliant OS. These countries have been using the Zsigmondy-Palmer style of denoting dental records on paper forms for a long time. The authors describe the background and the application of the characters for human dentition to the exchange, storage and reuse of the history of dental diseases via e-mail and other means of electronic communication.

scholarly journals Income Distribution, Product Quality, and International Trade

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Fajgelbaum ◽  
Gene Grossman ◽  
Elhanan Helpman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Product Quality
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