scholarly journals ГЕНЕЗИС ЦІЛЕЙ І ЗАВДАНЬ ВИБУХОВОГО ШТАМПУВАННЯ (ДО 70-РІЧЧЯ ОДНІЄЇ З НАУКОВИХ ШКІЛ ХАІ)

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
M. Taranenko ◽  
V. Dragobezkii
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
World War ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Impulse Forming

The paper is devoted to development of one of the scientific schools Kharkiv Aviation Institute (Now National Aerospace University named after M. E. Zhukovsky “KhAI”). This school was born after World War II quite hard after period of National economy restoration and now it continues to develop during last 70 years. The article deals with the origins and genesis of objectives and tasks formulated for think tank and followers during dozens of years. Influence of the world geopolitics on development of mentioned scientific school and reached results is shown. From relatively primitive goals and tasks formulated by R. V. Pikhtovnikov in 1949 up to complicated problems of controlling of impulse energy flows to get high-precision large-dimensional sheet articles. From development of simple manufacturing process conducted in field conditions up to creation of up-to-date manufacturing complexes with correspondent buildings, equipment and technological jigs.Paper draws attention that successful development of scientific school and international expansion of labor market were stipulated by governmental support, both financial and organization ones. Paper shows results of technological systems development. Defefinite analogy with development of biological systems can be observed, i.e. evolution from the simplest to more complicated under influence of external factors.One has to note that paper deals with development of only one direction of scientific school, i.e. sheet articles forming. Research and development of such two other directions as impulse forming by impact of solid and impulse volumetric forming are waiting for their researchers. Authors of the paper tried to escape of conventional approaches of scientific schools description and concentrated on studying of objectives and tasks occurred in frames of considered scientific school. Therefore, the paper doesn’t mention many names of scientific advisors of different directions, titles of exact studies and topics, which involve crucial contribution in achievements of mentioned scientific school.

scholarly journals Mikhail Kuzmich Geykin and his contribution to development of scientific and applied questions of maxillofacial surgery and stomatology (to the 120 anniversary since birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
A K Iordanishvili
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of

Materials on the history of military medicine are presented, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry in connection with the 120th birthday of a prominent maxillofacial surgeon and dentist, one of the patriarchs of Russian dentistry, a World War II veteran, doctor of medical sciences, assistant professor, colonel of the medical service Mikhail Kuzmich Geikin, who was at the forefront of Russian dentistry and was among the first to create Russian military dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. The data on the formation of M.K. Geikin as a military doctor, dentist and maxillofacial surgeon, his military career during the Soviet-Finnish and World War II. Turning to life, professional and social activities M.K. Geikin, you can find not only interesting scientific facts from the history of military medicine, dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, but also analogies with the present, answers to many clinical problems of the specialty and medicine of today. The main directions of his scientific activity, which touched on the issues of almost all sections of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, are noted. Being the first adjunct of the Department of Odontology of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, a major research scientist, he contributed to the development of the first Russian theory of dental caries and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, one of the first to study the aviation aspects of military dentistry, and to develop new methods for temporary and therapeutic immobilization of jaw fragments in injuries and injuries of the maxillofacial region. He created a technique for intravital capillaroscopy and capillarography, did a lot for use in dentistry auriculodiagnostics and acupuncture, proposed a device for searching for biologically active points on the human body - tobiskop Geikina. M.K. Geykin did not create his own scientific school, but being one of the founders of Russian dentistry in Russia, including military dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, he should rightfully be recognized as one of the patriarchs of military medicine, dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.

scholarly journals Graphic presentation of dialect-ethnographic texts of Western Polissia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Бидношия ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Special System ◽  
Graphic Presentation ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Ethnographic Image

Western Polessia is a region divided after World War II by the state borders between Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. This was reflected not only in the languages of education, the general cultural background, but also, in particular, on the principles of presentation of dialectethnographic texts. When compiling and editing the volume “Ethnographic Image of Ukrainians Abroad. Corpus of expeditionary folklore and ethnographic materials” (part 1, 2019), we encountered different graphic design of dialectal and ethnographic texts of Western Polissia in publications from different countries. The volume contains texts from the territory of Brest region (Belarus) and Northern Podlasie (Poland), recorded by the staff of the Rylsky Institute of Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology, as well as kindly provided by other researchers’ published and unpublished materials, collected since the early 1970s. As this volume is adjacent to the 10-volume collection of field materials “Ethnographic Image of Ukraine”, it became necessary to unify the graphic presentation of Western Polissia texts from different regions and different scientific schools. The developed algorithms for metagraphing of texts from the phonetic transcription of AUM and the special system of F. Klimchuk made it possible to present them in a unified and accessible way for non-philological readers. This emphasizes the unity of the Western Polissian dialect and the cultural continuum.

Punitive Scholarship

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 233-258
Author(s):  
Michiko Urita
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Imperial Palace ◽  
National Archives

This article responds to Jeffrey Perl’s argument (in “Regarding Change at Ise Jingū,” Common Knowledge, Spring 2008) that, while there is a “paradigm shift” at Ise every twenty years, when the enshrined deity Amaterasu “shifts” from the current site to an adjacent one during the rite of shikinen sengū, the Jingū paradigm itself never changes and never ages. The author confirms Perl’s conclusion by examining the politicized scholarship, written since the 1970s, maintaining that Shinto is a faux religion invented prior to World War II as a means of unifying Japan behind government policies of ultranationalism and international expansion. This article shows, instead, how emperors—who are not political but religious figures in Japan—and the Jingū priesthood have acted together over the past thirteen hundred years to sustain the imperial shrine at Ise and its ancient rites. The so-called Meiji Restoration actually continued an imperial policy of restoring and intensifying the observance of Shinto rituals that were threatened by neglect. Meiji intervened personally in 1889 to ensure the continuity of hikyoku, an unvoiced and secret serenade to Amaterasu, by extending its venue from the imperial palace shrine to performance at Jingū as well. The author’s archival and ethnographic research at Ise and the National Archives shows how the arguments that Shinto is a modern invention are punitive rather than dispassionately historical.

scholarly journals On the issue of formation of the new periodisation of the USSR vs Axis part of World War II: experience of solving the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Ladyga
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
War Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistance Movement

The article reviews the process of formation and improvement of hypotheses of periodization in the Soviet and Russian historiography of the USSR war against the Axis, the key provisions of these hypotheses are given and revealed. Taking into account the comments of military experts of the past years, the author proposed a periodisation, where the criteria for the division of the war into periods include: changing the war activities ways – the determining criteria; the war activities conditions (the nature of war, coalitions creation or split, changes in the international and internal situation of the warring countries, etc.); organisation, training, combat experience, armed forces (and others) and their influence on the combat capabilities of the army; the level of the struggle of peoples against the occupation, the development of the Resistance movement (including Germany); the evolution of the war economy of the warring countries and its influence on the armed struggle. In the author's periodisation, the periods are divided into stages, taking into account the conditions, features and specifics of war activities. The features and trends of history description at different stages of the evolution of scientific knowledge are identified and the main scientific schools and institutions that studied the periodisation of the World War II East Front are named.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF THE STATE FORMING PROGRAM OF THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
Ihor HAVRYLIV
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Unite State ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Independent State ◽  
State Organization

Implementation of the national idea of Ukrainians into life is the development of the Ukrainian independent unite state. It is based on principles of democracy, law, equity, in the distribution of welfare, a proper level of life, the successful development of the Ukrainian culture and national achievements, the adequate reaction on global challenges and threats in the protection of national and state interests, etc. All this was worked out in the ideological and political postulates during the interwar period and tried to implement the state-forming program of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in the years of World War II. If the leading states, war participants listened to these principles concerning the building of the world under the motto: "Freedom to Peoples - Freedom to Man!" it would be possible to avoid millions of human victims, mass destruction, and many years of confrontation of the West and East. Theoretical and practical gains of the Ukrainian nationalists are actual at present-day as well and underline their importance in the development of Ukraine as an independent state. It facilitates the successful struggle against Russia's aggression, becoming the specific protection in saving of the gains of Euro –Atlantic civilization. Progressive countries have to take the Ukrainian factor into consideration in the further progress of humanity in guaranteeing its stability and prosperity. Keywords: Ukrainian Independent Unite State, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, national idea, state forming program, World War II, Ukrainian nationalists, liberation struggle, totalitarian regime.

Looking Back on the Seventieth Anniversary of Japan's Surrender

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Delury ◽  
Sheila A. Smith ◽  
Maria Repnikova ◽  
Srinath Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
World War ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
The Way

Editor's Introduction: In mid-August 2015, Japanese prime minister Abe Shinzo gave a high-profile speech looking back at the Japanese surrender of 1945. Three weeks later, also to mark the seventieth anniversary of the end of World War II in Asia, China's Communist Party head and president Xi Jinping presided over a lavish parade in the heart of Beijing, which featured missiles and other Chinese military hardware as well as large contingents of People's Liberation Army soldiers and small contingents of troops from various other countries. Following up on a trio of essays in the August issue of the JAS, which looked ahead to events such as these, we now publish this special “Asia Beyond the Headlines” section made up of four essays that explore the meaning, for different individual or sets of countries, of Abe's speech and Xi's spectacle. This quartet of commentaries, by three political scientists and one historian, is designed to complement the last issue's contributions by historians Carol Gluck, Rana Mitter, and Charles Armstrong, as well as the historical photograph from seventy years ago that appears on the cover of this issue.The set begins with an essay by historian John Delury, a scholar trained in Chinese history and currently teaching in Seoul, who has written on varied aspects of East Asian international relations and notes, among other things, the curious fact that the representative from South Korea rather than from North Korea got the warmer reception from Xi during the recent Beijing spectacle. Following this comes Sheila A. Smith, a scholar based at a Washington, D.C., think tank, reflecting on the current state of the complex bilateral relationship between Tokyo and Beijing. Appearing next is a commentary by Maria Repnikova, a specialist in both Chinese and Russian affairs who was trained in political science and holds a postdoctoral fellowship in a school of communications. She writes on the increasingly close ties yet lingering tensions between Beijing and Moscow, as well as the way that official media has celebrated, while some users of social media have mocked, the symbolism of Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping presiding over recent victory day parades in their respective capitals. The series concludes with a commentary by Srinath Raghavan, a London-trained scholar now based at a New Delhi policy institute. He completes our survey of commemoration of the end of World War II with a look at the way recent parades revealed the Indian government's tricky position vis-à-vis Moscow and Beijing, as well as the relatively scant attention that India's significant contributions to World War II received, at home and internationally, during the season of commemorative speeches and displays.

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