scholarly journals Optimization of Technical Parameters on the Color Variation in offset Printing Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Tu Thanh Nam ◽  
Hoang Thi Kieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Optimization Of Parameters ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Desirable Response ◽  
Ink Transfer

In this study, the optimization of parameters of the printing process was carried out. The aim is to minimize the size of color variation in prints. A factorial design was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three factors, that is, impression pressure, alcohol %, and press speed. The color variation is gauged by variation in ink transfer, which is governed by color difference (?E). The optimal conditions obtained from the desirable response are impression pressure of 0.15 mm, alcohol percentage of 12.2 % and press speed of 8500 sheets per hour. Under these conditions, about 0.62 of color difference is obtained.

Optimization of Flexographic Water-Based Ink Formulation for Polymer Films

2021 ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Duong Hong Quyen ◽  
Hoang Thi Kieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
Desirable Response ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Experimental Strategies ◽  
Ink Formulation

In this study, the optimization of flexographic water-based ink formulation was carried out. The aim is to minimize the contact angle of the ink on polymer substrates. A factorial design was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three factors, which are dispersant, wetting agent and antifoam concentration on the wettability of ink. The optimal conditions obtained from the desirable response are dispersant of 9.65%, wetting agent of 0.58% and antifoam of 0.55 %. Under these conditions, about 15O of contact angle is obtained. The validity of the statistical experimental strategies was verified by the ink samples prepared under the optimized conditions.

Combining simulation and on-line measurements to determine moisture transport dynamics throughout the heatset offset printing process

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Mikael Tåg ◽  
Pasi Rajala ◽  
Maunu Toiviainen ◽  
Mikko Juuti ◽  
Patrick A.C. Gane
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
On Line

An investigation of the tensile characteristics of printed handsheets

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Engin ◽  
Sinan Sönmez ◽  
Mustafa Batuhan Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Short Fibre ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
Structural Tests

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influences of fibre lengths and a given range of paper grammages on the fundamental properties of unprinted and printed papers by using mineral oil-based offset printing inks and also evaluate these results in terms of printing and tensile characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A design research approach has been based on the production of various laboratory handmade papers and their printing process with mineral oil-based offset printing inks. The analysis of mechanical and structural tests results of the unprinted and the printed papers have been evaluated. Findings This study is confirmed that the mineral oil-based offset printing inks can be easily applied to the surface of papers having different grammages and pulp contents. An increase was observed in the tensile index values of the papers with the printing process, and these increases were more evident (about 80%) particularly in low grammage papers having high short fibre content. Originality/value The originality of this work is based on understanding and comparing the effects of grammage and the effect of pulp contents (having long and short fibre) on tensile characteristics of printed and unprinted handsheets.

scholarly journals Wing Color of Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in Eastern North America across Life Stages: Migrants Are “Redder” than Breeding and Overwintering Stages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Monarch Butterflies ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
The Many

Monarch butterflies are famous among insects for their unique migration in eastern North America to overwinter sites in Mexico and their bright orange wing color, which has an aposematic function. While capturing migrating monarchs in northeast Georgia, USA, I noticed that many appeared to have unusually deep orange wings. I initiated the current study to compare wing hues (obtained using image analysis of scanned wings) of migrants (captured in 2005 and 2008) to samples of breeding and overwintering monarchs. Consistent with initial observations, migrants had significantly lower orange hues (reflecting deeper, redder orange colors) than breeding and overwintering monarchs. There was also a difference in hue between sexes and a relationship with wing size, such that larger monarchs had deeper, redder hues. The reasons for the color difference of migrants are not apparent, but one possibility is that the longer-lived migrant generation has denser scalation to allow for scale loss over their lifespan. Alternatively, this effect could be confined to the subpopulation of monarchs in the Southeastern United States, which may not be well represented at the Mexican overwintering sites. In any case, this discovery highlights the many questions emerging on the significance of wing color variation in this species.

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Plumula nelumbinis Oil Rich in γ-Sitosterol Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Dong Dong Jia ◽  
Rong Lan ◽  
Yong Yue Sun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Full Factorial

Supercritical CO2extraction ofPlumula nelumbinisoil rich in γ-sitosterol was investigated with a 42full factorial design and response surface analysis. At optimal conditions (P=35 MPa,T=55 C,dp=0.22 mm,Q=2.0 L/min), the yield of the extracted oil was up to 12.2%, in which the concentration of γ-sitosterol was 7.38%, indicating that the γ-sitosterol contents inPlumula nelumbinisand its oil were much higher than that in other vegetables.

Optimization of a reverse-offset printing process and its application to a metal mesh touch screen sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Man Choi ◽  
Eon-Seok Lee ◽  
Taik-Min Lee ◽  
Kwang-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Touch Screen ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Printing Process

Spectrophotometric Analysis of All-ceramic Materials and Their Interaction with Luting Agents and Different Backgrounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Barath ◽  
F.-J. Faber ◽  
S. Westland ◽  
W. Niedermeier
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Luting Agents ◽  
Luting Agent ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Final Color

In this study, two All-Ceramic (AC) materials—Empress 2 (EMP) (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and In-Ceram ALUMINA (ICA) (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany)—were analyzed, along with the effects of 3 luting agents— viz. Zinc Phosphate cement (ZNPO, PhospaCEM PL, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC, Ketac-Cem Radiopaque, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany), and Compolute (COMP, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany)—on the final color, using the CIELab system. Color differences (DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE) were calculated for samples with luting agents and for samples without luting agents with standard white and black backgrounds, with the use of a spectrophotometer, Luci 100 (Dr. Lange, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA for DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE within both the AC systems, with and without luting agents, showed significant contributions of the background (p < 0.05). EMP was seen to be more translucent than ICA. Darker ceramics showed less color variation. Luting agents altered the final color of the restoration. ZNPO was least translucent, followed by GIC and COMP. Marginal increases in thicknesses of ICA samples (0.4 mm) do not show a statistically significant color difference. No method exists to predict the outcome of an AC restoration based on consideration of the luting agent and the background color.

Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Basso ◽  
AB Kodama ◽  
AH Pimentel ◽  
MR Kaizer ◽  
A Della Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Thickness ◽  
Monolithic Structures ◽  
Monolithic Structure

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the masking ability and translucency of monolithic and bilayer CAD-CAM ceramic structures. Methods: Discs of high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) lithium disilicate–based ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) with different thicknesses (0.7, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) were evaluated as a monolithic structure or combined (bilayer) with a 0.5-mm-thick zirconia framework (IPS e.max ZirCAD). The masking ability and translucency were calculated based on CIE L*a*b* color coordinates measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, X-Rite). The translucency parameter (TP) was calculated using color coordinates measured over standard white-and-black backgrounds. The masking ability was calculated by CIEDE2000 color difference metric (ΔE00) for each specimen measured over a tooth-colored substrate (shade A2) compared to three darker backgrounds (shade C4 and two metal substrates). Confidence intervals (CI) for the means (95% CI) were calculated for TP and ΔE00. The Pearson correlation between ΔE00 and TP was investigated for monolithic and bilayer structures over all backgrounds. Results: The thinner the lithium disilicate layer, the greater the translucency and the higher the ΔE00 values. The effect of ceramic thickness on both translucency and masking ability was more pronounced for the monolithic structures. In addition, monolayers always presented a greater color variation than their bilayer counterparts. The metallic background produced greater ΔE00 than the C4-shaded substrate. Conclusion: Monolithic veneers were able to mask C4-shaded background but did not mask metallic backgrounds. Bilayer structures showed greater shade masking ability than monolithic structures.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Cem Aydemir ◽  
◽  
Samed Ayhan Özsoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
The One

In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.

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