scholarly journals The use of mulching material in the cultivation of apple and pear in a small plastic greenhouses

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
E. P. Bezukh ◽  
A. V. Zykov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Small Plastic ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Favorable Conditions

This article presents the results of studies that were conducted in a small-sized film greenhouse for growing аpple and pear seedlings according to different planting schemes with mulching between rows with black span bond and matting. It was found that mulching between rows creates more favorable conditions for growing plants. The temperature regime of the soil improves, especially at the depth of the root layer. The row spacing soil is less compacted, since multiple loosening and weeding are not required. The mulching materials used freely pass water and mineral elements dissolved in it. Black woven matting is recognized as the best material for mulching between rows of apple and pear trees in a small film greenhouse. The applied schemes of planting winter grafts of apple and pear trees and mulching of row spacing made it possible to completely abandon the use of intensive manual labor on weeding and loosening the soil. Using three-line planting instead of one-line planting allows to significantly increase the yield of planting material per unit area.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLENLEA, PITIC 62 AND NEEPAWA WHEATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Plot Design

Three cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa, were grown in a seeding rate and row spacing experiment at two locations in 1972 and 1973. In a split-plot design, row spacings of 15, 23 and 30 cm were used as main plots, and subplot seeding rates of 33.6, 67.3 and 100.9 kg/ha were applied for each cultivar. Data were collected on yield, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, kernel weight and test weight. The few significant effects of row spacing indicated that narrow row spacings tend to increase yield and decrease days to maturity. Higher seeding rates per unit area generally resulted in higher yields for all cultivars and, to some extent, earlier maturity. Glenlea wheat seeded at 100.9 kg/ha gave the highest yield in all tests, and at this seeding rate took an average 125 days to reach maturity, compared to 120 days for Neepawa and 129 days for Pitic 62. Seeding rate had virtually no effect on height, kernel weight or test weight of any of the wheats.

scholarly journals Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
T. Welacky ◽  
A. Hamill ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

scholarly journals PLANT SPACING, COLD TREATMENT, AND FLOWER VIBRATION INFLUENCE ON GREENHOUSE TOMATO PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 732c-732
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Mullinix ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
Janet Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Six tomato cultivars [Hotset, Petra, Stella, Big-O, Tropic, & Monte Carlo (fresh market)] were grown in a greenhouse in 1979 from July through November in 3 experiments. Exp. 1: The first two cultivars were used in a 15 cm, 30 cm, or 45 cm in-row spacing with rows spaced 60 cm apart. Cumulative fruit number and weight per unit area declined with increasing in-row spacing. Exp. 2: The first four cultivars were subjected to either cold or no cold treatment during germination before transplanting. No differences were found between the two treatments for mean fruit weight or total fruit number. Exp. 3: The last two cultivars were subjected to both the cold treatment and flower vibration. Cumulative fruit weight was greater for vibrated flowers. Greater mean fruit weight occurred earlier with cold treatment and declined significantly later in season, and was more pronounced in Tropic than Monte Carlo.

scholarly journals Performance of cotton genotype TCH 1819 to high density planting system under winter irrigated condition at the Western agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SI) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
R. Sowmiya ◽  
N. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cotton Genotype

Plant population is an important attribute in crop management practice. Increasing the plant density by decreasing the crop row spacing was an alternative strategy to optimize crop profit. Hence, the field trial was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter season of 2017 – 18 to study the effect of row spacing on the growth and yield of cotton genotype TCH 1819. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven spacing treatments viz., T1: 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1), T2: 60 x 20 cm (83,333 plants ha-1), T3: 75 x 15 cm (88,888 plants ha-1), T4: 75 x 20 cm (66,666 plants ha-1), T5: 75 x 30 cm (44,444 plants ha-1), T6: 90 x 15 cm (74074 plants ha-1), T7: 90 x 20cm (55,555 plants ha-1) and was replicated thrice.  Plant densities showed a significant (p=0.05) difference for all the characters studied.  The higher plant density of 1,11,111 plants (60 x 15 cm) observed significantly (p=0.05) maximum plant height (103.14 cm), Leaf Area Index (LAI) (4.35), Dry Matter Production (DMP) (8125 kg/ha), Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (6.58 g/m2/day), root length (41.46 cm), root dry weight (14.94 g/plant), and chlorophyll index (48.24).  The number of sympodial branches per plant (17) and bolls per plant (22 bolls) was found significant in the wider spacing of 75 x 30 cm.  The narrow spacing of 60 x 15 cm noted the highest seed cotton yield (2565 kg/ha), net return (R65706.62), and B: C (2.32) ratio, followed by the spacing of 75 x 15 cm due to more plant density per unit area (m2).  So, maximum yield in cotton can be achieved by decreasing the row spacing and increasing the plant population per unit area.

The response to row spacing of two tropical rice varieties of contrasting plant type

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Owen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Tropical Conditions

The growth of two rice varieties of contrasting plant type and of different origin was compared at two row spacings under wet season tropical conditions in northern Australia. The short, erect-leaved variety SML 81b responded to the closer spacing by producing fewer tillers and a smaller leaf area per plant during active vegetative growth. The tropical leafy variety Sircna did not exhibit any compensatory reduction of the growth of individual plants, and dense crop growth and high leaf area indices resulted at the closer spacing. The heavy vegetative growth of Sircna was not reflected in grain yield at harvest, while the higher tiller number per unit area of SML 81b resulted in a higher grain yield at the closer spacing. The agricultural implications of the results are discussed.

Energy balance and temperature regime of different materials used in urban landscaping

Urban Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100854
Author(s):  
Henrique D.R. Carvalho ◽  
Baoxin Chang ◽  
Kevin J. McInnes ◽  
James L. Heilman ◽  
Benjamin Wherley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals Diseases of the Date Palm: Present Status and Future Prospects

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djerbi
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Favorable Conditions

While date palm is affected by many diseases, bayoud remains the most serious one. It is caused by a soil born pathogen, Fusarium oxyspurum f .sp. albedinis. It has affected practically all Moroccan palm groves as well as those of western and central Algerian sahara, where it has respectively killed more than 12 million in Morocco and three million in Algeria and has accelerated the desertification phenomenon. External and internal symptoms as well as identification methods of F.o. f. sp. albedinis by pathogenicity test, cultural characteristics, and vegetative compatibility were reviewed and discussed. Small distance contamination occurs by root contact between diseased trees and healthy ones, and at large distances through the movement of contaminated planting material (offshoots, symptomless carriers) and infested soil and irrigation water. Prophylactic measures as well as chemical, cultural, biological and genetic controls were reviewed. It appears that the most productive mean lies in research into resistant cultivars. Hundreds of genotypes have been selected and introduced for micro-propagation and planted in infested areas to rehabilitate date palm oasis ravaged by bayoud. Among other date palm diseases Khamedj (Mauginiella scaettae), fruit rot (due to numerous fungi), Black scorch (Thielaviopsis paradoxa), Belaat (Phytophtora sp.) are of minor importance and of sporadic occurrence. However, they become serious and cause heavy losses under favorable conditions and when proper sanitation is not applied. Two serious and fatal diseases of unknown causes (AI Wijam and the Brittle leaf disease) as well as many other diseases and physiological disorders of minor importance were also reviewed.

scholarly journals The Response of Two Drip-Irrigated Sweet Corn Varieties to the Twin-Row Production System in the Dry Mediterranean Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Introduction: Minimizing production costs for drip-irrigated crops by reducing the number of driplines per unit-area is an urgent need to address the sustainability of the present production system. Materials and Methods: A two-year field experiment (2017 and 2018) was carried out to assess the effects of twin-row crop production system on two sweet corn varieties (Zea mays L.: an introduced variety “Silver Queen” and a local variety “White Kokab”) grown in a clay loam soil in the dry Mediterranean region. Three-row crop/dripline spacing configurations for each variety with three replicates were tested as: (i) single-row system at 75-cm crop row spacing with 75-cm dripline spacing (a dripline for each crop row), (ii) single-row system at 75-cm crop row spacing with 150-cm dripline spacing (a dripline for two crop rows), and (iii) twin-row system, 37.5 cm apart, on 150-cm centers, with 150-cm dripline spacing (a dripline for each twin-rows). Results and Conclusion: The local variety was better than the introduced variety in husked cop yield (13.93 t ha-1) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, 1.92 kg m-3). Results also showed that the twin-row system with 150-cm dripline spacing provided similar husked cop yield and IWUE as the conventional 75-cm dripline spacing due to the more favourable rootzone soil water status; and both were higher in the two attributes than the single-row 150-cm dripline spacing. With 50% less unit-area driplines, twin-rows with 150-cm dripline spacing was considered to be more productive, economical and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Khorasan wheat population researching (Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum (McKey) in the minimum tillage conditions

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jela Ikanovic ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Snezana Jankovic ◽  
Ljubisa Zivanovic ◽  
Sveto Rakic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Wheat Population

Khorasan wheat occupies a special place in the group of new-old cereals (Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum McKey). It is an ancient species, native to eastern Persia, that is very close to durum wheat by morphological characteristics. Investigations were carried out in agro ecological conditions of the eastern Srem, with two wheat populations with dark and bright awns as objects of study. The following morphological and productive characteristics were investigated: plant height (PH), spike length (SH), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), absolute weight (AW) and grain weight per spike (GW), seed germination (G) and grains yield (YG). Field micro-experiments were set on the carbonate chernozem soil type on loess plateau in 2011 and 2012. Hand wheat sowing was conducted in early March with drill row spacing of 12 cm. The experiment was established as complete randomized block system with four replications. Tending crops measures were not applied during the growing season. Plants were grown without usage of NPK mineral nutrients. Chemical crop protection measures were not applied, although powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) was appeared before plants spike formation in a small extent. The results showed that both populations have a genetic yield potential. In general, both populations manifested a satisfactory tolerance on lodging and there was no seed dispersal. Plants from bright awns population were higher, had longer spikes and larger number of spikelet?s per spike. However, plants from dark awns population had higher absolute weight and grains weight per spike, as well as grain yield per plant. Strong correlation connections were identified among the investigated characteristics. The determination of correlations, as well as direct and indirect affects, enabled easier understanding of the mutual relationships and their balancing in order to improve the yield per unit area.

scholarly journals IMPROVING SEED AND OIL YIELD OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) BY USING DIFFERENT INTER AND INTRA ROW SPACE COMBINATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Ismail Demir
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Row Space ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate inter and intra row spacing of sunflower irrigated during the critical growing stages to obtain the highest seed and oil yields. The experiment was carried out with three replications in the randomized blocks with split plots design in 2016 and 2017. Inter row spacings (45 and 70 cm) were placed on the main plots and intra row spacings (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 cm) were placed on the subplots. Bosfora, oilseed hybrid sunflower variety was used as plant material. It has been determined that inter and intra row spaces had statistically significant effects on sunflower development and yield parameters. In general, as the distance between the inter and intra rows narrowed, plant height was increased, while the stem and table diameters, the number of seeds in the table, thousand seed weight, oil rate and per plant yield were decreased. And also seed and oil yield was increased, in contrast to per plant yield, due to the increase in plant number per unit area. Seed and oil yield with 45x25 cm inter and intra row spacings were 59.6% and 52.9% higher as compared to 70x40 cm spacing, respectively. The highest seed and oil yield was obtained from 45x25 cm inter and intra row space under irrigated conditions

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document