scholarly journals Productivity of the crop rotation link depending on the technology of development of fallow lands in the south of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Ye. Ya. Chebochakov ◽  
V. N. Murtaev
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Arid Steppe

Relevance. According to the conducted studies, it was found that the disadvantages of steppe nature management include water erosion, deflation and other adverse phenomena. Similar processes are taking place in Siberia. At present, the redevelopment of deposits is beginning and soil degradation is again manifested in the steppe regions of Khakassia. For the rational and efficient use of land resources, it is necessary to develop a technology for processing soil deposits in the arid steppe zone of the south of Central Siberia.Methods. The study of the efficiency of soil cultivation technologies for the erosional agroecological group of fallow lands was carried out in the arid steppe agrolandscape region of the Republic of Khakassia, located in the south of Central Siberia. Research for four years was carried out in the link of fodder crop rotation: a long-term (20–25 years) cereal-forb fallow — oats (corn) for green mass by the method of B.A. Dospekhov. When performing the work, statistical and graphical methods were used.Results. It is established that malicious perennial grasses and juvenile weeds grow on long-term fallow lands (20–25 years). High efficiency of complex application of herbicides of continuous action (Tornado 500, Octopus Extra) and intensive tillage was revealed. Tillage of a long-term deposit to a depth of 18–20 cm, disking, fine flatcutting treatment and spraying with herbicide reduces the number of perennial weeds by 2 times more compared to technologies, that include small treatments and herbicide application. In the arid steppe zone, the technology with tillage of a long-term deposit to a depth of 18–20 cm increases the productivity of the feed crop rotation link by an average of 25.3–33.7% compared to technological operations involving small-scale processing (12–14 cm and 14–16 cm).

scholarly journals ANTI-EROSION EFFICIENCY OF FALLOW LANDS DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STEPPE ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Egor Chebochakov ◽  
Valeriy Murtaev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Erosion Efficiency ◽  
The Republic

Research was conducted with the aim of developing technology for the development of fallow lands in the south of Central Siberia. The work was carried out in 2012-2015 on chestnut soil (experiment 1) and southern chernozem (experiment 2) in the Republic of Khakassia. The humus content in the 0 ... 20 cm layer of chestnut soil is 2.67%, N-NO3 is 20.1 ... 22.4 mg/kg, P2O5 and K2O (according to Machigin) are 23.5 and 328 mg/kg, respectively, in southern chernozem - respectively 4.5%, 16.6 ... 19.2, 19.3 and 720 mg/kg. The experimental designs provided for various combinations of mechanical tillage and spraying with herbicides of fallow plots, performed at different times, in the year preceding the sowing of crops. In technologies using herbicides in August, the amount of conditional stubble in spring was 60 pcs/m2 more, and erosion was 1.7 ... 2.5 times lower than in versions with flat cutting. The dumping of chestnut soil increases the yield of green mass of oats, compared with flat-cut, by 2.5 t/ha (24.5%), corn - by 4.0 t/ha (31.2%). In the southern chernozem, the technology with plowing ensured the formation of 5.7 t/ha of green mass of oats, which is 0.5 t/ha (8.8%) more than during flat cutting. In general, in the steppe zone of Central Siberia, the use of plowing in the technology for the development of fallow lands increases their productivity, while the greatest protection of the soil from erosion is provided by replacing its mechanical treatment in August with spraying with herbicides

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSORS ON ELEMENTS OF FERTILITY SOILS AND EFFICIENCY SUMMER WHEATS IN A STEPPE ZONE OF REPUBLIC ТUVА

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
А.С. СОТПА
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение влияния предшественников и применения минеральных удобрений на основные элементы плодородия почвы, урожай яровой пшеницы и его качества. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы было проведено опытно-экспериментальное исследование. Опыты проведены в степной зоне Республики Тыва в 2019-2020 гг., на темно-каштановых, среднесуглинистых почвах, в трехпольном севообороте с короткой ротацией (чистый пар-пшеница-пшеница; чистый пар-многолетние травы-пшеница; чистый пар-овес-пшеница), бессменная пшеница, на двух фонах химизации: без применения минеральных удобрений (контроль, фон 0), с применением минеральных удобрений (фон 1). Результаты. Результаты исследований показали, что влажность почвы по чистому пару по всходам яровой пшеницы была на 16,5 % больше, чем после других предшественников. В период уборки пшеницы влажность почвы повысилась только на вариантах с применением минеральных удобрений. Выявлено, что в период вегетации пшеницы наибольшее содержание нитратного азота отмечено после многолетних трав, где азота нитратов было на 3,3-4,7 мг/кг больше, чем на контроле. Внесение минеральных удобрений способствовало росту содержания нитратного азота в почве к фазе всходов на 8,3-38,0 %, кущения и уборки – в 1,2-1,7 раза, в зависимости от различных предшественников. Заключение. В результате исследований было установлено, что высокое содержание азота в почве влияет на урожайность и продуктивность яровой пшеницы. При использовании в качестве предшественника многолетних трав средняя урожайность яровой пшеницы составляет 1,63 т/га, содержание белка в зерне – 16,6 %. Посев яровой пшеницы после овса обеспечивает получение зерна с содержанием белка – 15,4 %. Применение удобрений увеличивает урожайность пшеницы в среднем по опыту на 34,2 %. Problem and aim. By the purpose of researches was to establish infuence of the predecessors, application of mineral fertilizers on basic elements of fertility of ground, crop summer wheats and his quality. Methodology. To achieve the aim of the research and answer the questions an experimental study was carried out.The experiences are carried out in a steppe zone Republic of Тuvа in 2019-2020, on dark-chestnut, medium loamy soils, in three-feld crop rotation with short rotation (pure pairs-wheat-wheat; pure pair-longterm grass-wheat; pure pairs-oat-wheat) permanent wheat, on two chemistry backgrounds: without application of mineral fertilizers (control, background 0), with application of mineral fertilizers (background 1). Results. The results of researches have shown, that the humidity of ground till a pure pair on shoots summer wheats was on 16,5 % more, than after other predecessors. During harvest wheats the humidity of ground has raised only on variants with application of mineral fertilizers. It was found that during the growing season of wheat, the highest content of nitrate nitrogen was observed after long-term grasses where nitrite nitrogen was higher by 3,3 – 4,7 mg/kg than in the control. Is revealed, that the best predecessor ensuring nitrate by nitrogen crops summer wheats, in conditions of a steppe zone of region are the long-term grass. The entering of mineral fertilizers promoted growth of the contents nitrate of nitrogen in ground to a phase shoots on 8,3- 38,0 %, (tillering?) and harvesting - in 1,2-1,7 times, depending on the various predecessors. Conclusion. As a result of research it was found, that the high contents of nitrogen in ground infuences productivity and efciency summer wheats. At use as the predecessor of long-term grass the average productivity summer wheats makes 1,63 t/hа, contents of fber in a grain – 16,6 %. The crop summer wheats after oats provides reception of a grain with the contents of fber – 15,4 %. Application of fertilizers increases productivity wheats on the average by experience by 34,2 %

scholarly journals Rare species of bayrachny forests of the south of the European part of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00122
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
European Part ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
The South ◽  
European Part Of Russia

The article presents the results of long-term research of ravine oak forests of the Rostov region.The term ‘bayrack’ (ravine) forest is associated with the growing of forests of this type on the slopes of ravines in the forest-steppe zone. The conducted ecological and floral classification showed a high syntaxonomic diversity of ravine oak forests of the region. Forest communities are represented by 6 associations: Scorzonero ensifoliae–Quercetum Sokolova ex Semenishchenkov 2020; Vicio pisiformis–Quercetum roboris Semenishchenkov 2012; Pyro pyrastri– Quercetum roboris Poluyanov 2012; Chamaecytiso ruthenici–Quercetum roboris Poluyanov 2012; Fritillario ruthenici-Quercetum roboris Onyschenko, Dyakova et Karpenko ex Goncharenko in Goncharenko et al. 2020, Melico pictae-Ulmetum minoris ass. nov. prov. from 2 classes: Carpino–Fagetea, Quercetea pubescentis and 2 unions: Aceri campestris-Quercion roboris and Scutellario altissimae-Quercion roboris. There are 67 rare plant species listed in the Red Books of the Rostov [1], Volgograd [2] and Voronezh [3] regions in the communities of these associations. Oak forests in the south of the European part of Russia significantly increase the biological diversity not only of the Don region, but also of the entire steppe zone of the country.

scholarly journals Cooperation as a Foreign Policy Instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Bilateral Relations

Cooperation is undoubtedly a great tool to deploy Chilean foreign policy, since it creates long-term ties with the beneficiary countries. This generates small-scale retributions in bilateral relations and in specific technical areas, as well at the multilateral level. Chile's cooperation flows have undergone important changes since the creation of the International Cooperation Agency in the 90s, to the present, since Chile has gone from being a net recipient, to being a participant in international cooperation through the South-South modality or horizontal. In spite of this, it is not possible to clearly establish the benefits that cooperation generates for the country because there is no clear evaluation methodology. Finally, Chilean cooperation does not have a priority budget, and its programs are affected by short-term issues in the absence of a more leading role in the formulation of Chilean foreign policy.

scholarly journals Effect of forecrop on yield of spring durum wheat and soil potassium in chernozems of southern steppe zone in Southern Urals during long-term research

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Vitaly Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Double Cropping

The goal of the study was to determine the infl nce of forecrops on spring durum wheat productivity and content of soil potassium in monoculture, double-cropping and six-year crop rotation at two types of nutrient statuses. The information obtained as a result of long-term experiments is of great interest, since systematic determination of nutrient elements in soil gives a correct assessment of the effect of the longterm use of fertilizers on soil fertility. Content of available forms of potassium in soil under spring durum wheat depending on different forecrops and nutrient statuses was studied. The best forecrops for durum wheat in 31-year experiments were black, soil-protecting and green fallows. The yield of durum wheat after black fallow was 1.20 t/ha under fertilization and 1.27 t/ha without using fertilizers. Vegetative mass of cropped fallow ploughed into soil and use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in content of soil potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on yield of durum wheat; the yield increase was 0.10 t/ha after soil protecting fallow, 0.11 t/ha after common wheat and 0.13 t/ha after winter rye. Content of soil potassium was higher in six-year crop rotation and it increased durum wheat productivity compared to double-cropping and monoculture.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term use of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of grain-fallow crop rotation in the arid steppe of the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mikhailovna Yaroshenko ◽  
Dmitry Yurevich Zhuravlev ◽  
Nadezhda Fedorovna Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Minimum Medium

The work reflects the analysis of changes in the productivity of crops of crop rotation during the long-term use of fertilizer systems in a stationary experiment for the period from VI to VIII rotation (1999-2001 - 2016-2018). The influence of various doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers on the change in the content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the conditions of the southern chernozem for the specified period of research was determined. The responsiveness of crop rotation crops to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers in minimum, medium and high doses has been established.

A financial analysis of lime application in a long-term agronomic experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangdi D. Li ◽  
Rajinder P. Singh ◽  
John P. Brennan ◽  
Keith R. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
The South ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Management of Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER) is a long-term agronomic experiment commenced in 1992. There were 3 fundamental treatment contrasts in this experiment: (a) annual systems v. perennial systems; (b) limed v. unlimed treatments; and (c) permanent pastures v. pasture–crop rotations. The soil was acidic to depth with pH (in CaCl2) below 4.5 and exchangeable Al above 40% at 0.10–0.20 m when the experiment started. Lime was applied every 6 years to maintain soil pHCa at 5.5 in the 0–0.10 m soil depth. A financial analysis was undertaken to estimate potential benefits and costs involved in liming acid soils on the south-western slopes of New South Wales, based on data from the MASTER experiment. The most important finding from the current study is that liming pastures on soils that have a subsurface acidity problem is profitable over the long-term for productive livestock enterprises. The pay-back period for liming pastures, grazed by Merino wethers, was 14 years for both annual and perennial pastures. More profitable livestock enterprises, such as prime lambs or growing-out steers, were estimated to reduce the pay-back period. This gives farmers confidence to invest in a long-term liming program to manage highly acid soils in the traditional permanent pasture region of the high-rainfall zone (550–800 mm) of south-eastern Australia. Results from the current study also confirmed that the total financial return from liming is greater if the land is suitable for operation of a pasture–crop rotation system. The positive cash flows generated from cropping in a relatively short time can significantly shorten the pay-back period for the investment in lime. But cropping without liming on soils with subsurface acidity was worse than grazing animals. Crop choice is crucial for the perennial pasture–crop rotation. Inclusion of high-value cash crops, such as canola or a wheat variety with high protein, would lead to a rise in the aggregate benefits over time as the soil fertility improved and soil acidity was gradually ameliorated.

scholarly journals Dynamics of plankton biocenoses under water level fluctuations in steppe lakes

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
E Yu Afonina ◽  
N A Tashlykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Filling Phase

Abstract Barun-Torey and Zun-Torey lakes are located in the arid steppe zone of the Central (Inner) Asia, Eastern Siberia, Russia. The Torey lakes are characterizes unstable hydrological regime. The water level variation is explained by the periodic filling and drying of the lakes due to cyclical climatic changes in humidity and temperature. We conducted our studies various water level phases of the climatic cycle: from high water level (1999, 2003) to drying out and the initial filling phase (2007, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020). The aim of this paper is to present long-term research results on changes in the plankton biocenoses of the Torey lakes during a climate cycle, the drying and initial filling of basins. Succession of plankton dominant species is in the direction of: diatoms+green algae and rotifers+crustaceans → green algae and crustaceans → green algae+cyanobacteria and crustaceans → no planktonic algae and invertebrates → cyanobacteria+diatoms+green algae and rotifers+cladocerans+copepods.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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