scholarly journals Effect of forecrop on yield of spring durum wheat and soil potassium in chernozems of southern steppe zone in Southern Urals during long-term research

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Vitaly Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Double Cropping

The goal of the study was to determine the infl nce of forecrops on spring durum wheat productivity and content of soil potassium in monoculture, double-cropping and six-year crop rotation at two types of nutrient statuses. The information obtained as a result of long-term experiments is of great interest, since systematic determination of nutrient elements in soil gives a correct assessment of the effect of the longterm use of fertilizers on soil fertility. Content of available forms of potassium in soil under spring durum wheat depending on different forecrops and nutrient statuses was studied. The best forecrops for durum wheat in 31-year experiments were black, soil-protecting and green fallows. The yield of durum wheat after black fallow was 1.20 t/ha under fertilization and 1.27 t/ha without using fertilizers. Vegetative mass of cropped fallow ploughed into soil and use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in content of soil potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on yield of durum wheat; the yield increase was 0.10 t/ha after soil protecting fallow, 0.11 t/ha after common wheat and 0.13 t/ha after winter rye. Content of soil potassium was higher in six-year crop rotation and it increased durum wheat productivity compared to double-cropping and monoculture.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSORS ON ELEMENTS OF FERTILITY SOILS AND EFFICIENCY SUMMER WHEATS IN A STEPPE ZONE OF REPUBLIC ТUVА

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
А.С. СОТПА
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение влияния предшественников и применения минеральных удобрений на основные элементы плодородия почвы, урожай яровой пшеницы и его качества. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы было проведено опытно-экспериментальное исследование. Опыты проведены в степной зоне Республики Тыва в 2019-2020 гг., на темно-каштановых, среднесуглинистых почвах, в трехпольном севообороте с короткой ротацией (чистый пар-пшеница-пшеница; чистый пар-многолетние травы-пшеница; чистый пар-овес-пшеница), бессменная пшеница, на двух фонах химизации: без применения минеральных удобрений (контроль, фон 0), с применением минеральных удобрений (фон 1). Результаты. Результаты исследований показали, что влажность почвы по чистому пару по всходам яровой пшеницы была на 16,5 % больше, чем после других предшественников. В период уборки пшеницы влажность почвы повысилась только на вариантах с применением минеральных удобрений. Выявлено, что в период вегетации пшеницы наибольшее содержание нитратного азота отмечено после многолетних трав, где азота нитратов было на 3,3-4,7 мг/кг больше, чем на контроле. Внесение минеральных удобрений способствовало росту содержания нитратного азота в почве к фазе всходов на 8,3-38,0 %, кущения и уборки – в 1,2-1,7 раза, в зависимости от различных предшественников. Заключение. В результате исследований было установлено, что высокое содержание азота в почве влияет на урожайность и продуктивность яровой пшеницы. При использовании в качестве предшественника многолетних трав средняя урожайность яровой пшеницы составляет 1,63 т/га, содержание белка в зерне – 16,6 %. Посев яровой пшеницы после овса обеспечивает получение зерна с содержанием белка – 15,4 %. Применение удобрений увеличивает урожайность пшеницы в среднем по опыту на 34,2 %. Problem and aim. By the purpose of researches was to establish infuence of the predecessors, application of mineral fertilizers on basic elements of fertility of ground, crop summer wheats and his quality. Methodology. To achieve the aim of the research and answer the questions an experimental study was carried out.The experiences are carried out in a steppe zone Republic of Тuvа in 2019-2020, on dark-chestnut, medium loamy soils, in three-feld crop rotation with short rotation (pure pairs-wheat-wheat; pure pair-longterm grass-wheat; pure pairs-oat-wheat) permanent wheat, on two chemistry backgrounds: without application of mineral fertilizers (control, background 0), with application of mineral fertilizers (background 1). Results. The results of researches have shown, that the humidity of ground till a pure pair on shoots summer wheats was on 16,5 % more, than after other predecessors. During harvest wheats the humidity of ground has raised only on variants with application of mineral fertilizers. It was found that during the growing season of wheat, the highest content of nitrate nitrogen was observed after long-term grasses where nitrite nitrogen was higher by 3,3 – 4,7 mg/kg than in the control. Is revealed, that the best predecessor ensuring nitrate by nitrogen crops summer wheats, in conditions of a steppe zone of region are the long-term grass. The entering of mineral fertilizers promoted growth of the contents nitrate of nitrogen in ground to a phase shoots on 8,3- 38,0 %, (tillering?) and harvesting - in 1,2-1,7 times, depending on the various predecessors. Conclusion. As a result of research it was found, that the high contents of nitrogen in ground infuences productivity and efciency summer wheats. At use as the predecessor of long-term grass the average productivity summer wheats makes 1,63 t/hа, contents of fber in a grain – 16,6 %. The crop summer wheats after oats provides reception of a grain with the contents of fber – 15,4 %. Application of fertilizers increases productivity wheats on the average by experience by 34,2 %

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS AND BIOACTIVITY OF SOIL ON THE BLACK SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The article is devoted to assessment of the influence of forecrops, application of mineral fertilizers on biological activity of the southern black soil and the yield of soft spring wheat. The studies were carried out in a field long-term stationary experiment in six-field crop rotations, with mono-cultivation of soft spring wheat. The object of the study was soft spring wheat put at different levels of mineral nutrition and according to different forecrops. The article presents longterm data of stationary experiment on spring soft wheat yield, biological activity of the soil under its crops, the content and consumption of macronutrients during the growing season. The vegetation periods of the studies were characterized by aridity and were divided into three groups, 13 out of 19 years were assigned to slightly arid (hydrothermal index = 0.6 and less units). Due to aridity of the growing seasons, the yield of spring soft wheat, depending on the forecrops and the nutrition background, is presented. It has been established that spring soft wheat reduces yield when cultivated in mono-seeding compared to multifield system, regardless of environmental factors. On average, for the period from 2002 to 2019, such forecrops of soft wheat as peas and millet were the best in the variant without application of mineral fertilizers. The yield of soft wheat was 0.93 and 0.90 tons per hectare, respectively. As a result of the study, an increased (in comparison with other variants of the experiment) consumption of nitrate nitrogen and potassium by permanent crops of spring soft wheat was established.

INFLUENCE OF AGROTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ON THE NITROGEN REGIME OF TYPICAL BLACK-SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
A.G. Stupakov ◽  
◽  
M.A. Kulikova ◽  
A.A. Orekhovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitric Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrolyzable Nitrogen ◽  
Southwest Part

In the conditions of a southwest part of CBR Russian Federation increase in content of alkaline-hydrolyzable and nitric nitrogen and also strengthening of nitrification ability of the soil in the black-soil typical is caused, mainly, by application of the increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, a manure after-action, use of long-term herbs in a crop rotation as predecessors of a winter wheat, and application, mostly, of plowing in the system of the main processing of the soil. The most noticeable variation of contents in the soil of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen is noted for a layer of earth 20-50 cm, and nitrification ability of the soil – in a layer of 0-20 cm. The most significant increase in its contents in a layer of earth of 0-20 cm at a combination of mineral fertilizers and a manure is characteristic of nitric nitrogen, especially on plowing. The tendency to increase in content of nitrates in underlying layers is caused by application of the raised dose of mineral fertilizers under a winter wheat – N120P120K120 N60 (saturation of 1 hectare of the crop rotation area in a grain-grass-tilled crop rotation of N84P124K124 and in a grain-tilled crop rotation of N120P124K124) and an after-action for the fourth year of 40 and 80 ton/hectare of a manure (saturation of 8 and 16 ton/hectare).

scholarly journals Long-term crop rotation effects on winter and spring cereals productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Ingė Auželienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Productivity Indicators

A long-term field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the VDU Agriculture Academy (formerly Aleksandras Stulginskis University), Institute of Agroecosystems crop rotation collection (equipped in 1967), during 2015–2017. The soil of the Experimental site is moderately fine textured Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The research was carried out on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Skagen’ and 71 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Orphelija’, which were sown in 8 different crop rotations after different preceding crops and rye monoculture. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotation combinations on testing crops yield and productivity indicators. In many cases, rye productivity indicators were lower during 50-year monocropping. The best productivity indicators were obtained by growing rye in them in grass and fallow crop sequences, and for winter wheat in fallow with vetch–oat mixture for fodder and after manure application. In rye these indicators were more dependent on the precipitation amount and the amount of the sum of temperature during the period of generative organ formation. Among these indicators and the number of productive stems, a statistically strong and medium strength correlation interaction was identified: r = 0.83, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01; and winter weat r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.01. The highest winter wheat productivity was established in crop rotation after perennial grasses and leguminous crops. Crop yield in monoculture decreases, but the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers saves lower but stable yields. Spring barley is less dependent on preceding crop, so it can be grown after winter cereals. However, they are more productive when sown after row crops and in crop rotations where one of the rotation members is fertilized with organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Biological activity of sod-podzolic soils in the long term experiment with different agrotechnical methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
N. P. Kovalevskaya ◽  
N. E. Zavyalova ◽  
D. Yu. Sharavin ◽  
D. S. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The effect of long-term application of grain-fallow-plow crop rotation with various legume densities, permanent cultivation of winter rye and barley, continuous bare fallow on the ecological and physiological state of the microbial community of sod-podzolic heavy loam soil was investigated. Biological activity indexes of soil microbiocenoses such as potential intensity of СО2 emission, microbial biomass gross respiration rate, metabolic coefficient, nitrogen fixation were assessed. It has been shown that the best humus state of soil and significant increase in the total nitrogen content provides the introduction of organic fertilizer (manure) in the “Crop rotation of 28,6% of legumes”. The ratio of the microbial biomass in sod-podzolic heavy loam soil organic matter varies from 1,50 to 3,24%. Application of mineral fertilizers leads to insignificant decrease in the carbon content of microbial biomass and raising of labile organic carbon. The decrease of metabolic activity in microbial communities has been determined in all variants of long-term study regardless of agrotechnical techniques. It has been established that permanent intensive cultivation of crops either with or without crop rotation leads to stability interference of the Cis-Urals soil microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals The influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
D. V. Mitrofanov ◽  
Yu. V. Kaftan
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
The Southern Urals

Increasing the yield of pea grain in agricultural production is an important task for modern agriculture in the Orenburg region. To expand it, long-term studies on the influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain were carried out. The article presents the research results for 2002-2019 by weediness of crops, the content of macronutrients and the productivity of pea grain in six-field and two-field crop rotations. Among the main factors affecting the yield of pea grain such as the total number of weeds and the content of accumulated nutrients in the 0-30 cm, soil layer were considered. The total number of weeds on two nutritional backgrounds in the pea germination phase was from 102.0 to 137.0. During the ripening period, respectively, it was from 44.0 to 56.0 pcs / m2. The maximum yield of pea grain is observed in crops after soft wheat with ammophos - 1.03 t / ha, without the use of fertilizer - 0.98 t / ha. The lowest yield of peas was obtained after durum wheat in a two-field crop rotation: according to the fertilized nutrition background - 0.76, unfertilized - 0.70 t / ha. As a result of statistical data processing in the third variant of the experiment (sowing peas after soft wheat in the aftereffect of a busy fallow), it was found that the increase in the productivity of pea grain slightly depended on the weediness of crops and the share of its influence ranged from 13.98 to 18.37%. However, the decrease in the yield of peas in the fifth variant of the experiment (sowing peas in alternation with durum wheat) was largely determined by weeds and the level of their influence was from 40.21 to 54.41%. The content of accumulated nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus from ammophos before all sowing of peas in crop rotations ranged from 1.4 to 2.9 mg / 100 g of soil. The increase in pea grain from mineral fertilizers for 18 years, respectively, for all predecessors was 0.07; 0.05; 0.08 and 0.06 t / ha, except for the second variant of the experiment, where peas were sown after soft wheat in the aftereffect of black steam. The results of mathematical processing of the data on the increase in grain of peas show the effect of ammophos on the increase in grain by options in the range from 55.41 to 81.88%.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Yield Decrease ◽  
Research Institute

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.

scholarly journals Agro-economic substantiation of the feasibility of green manured fallow in sugar beet crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Sviridov ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
Absolute Decrease ◽  
Central Chernozem

The aim of the study is to find out the feasibility of including green manured fallow in specialized sugar beet crop rotations by comparing necessary assessment indicators with their values in a traditional crop rotation with black fallow against the background of unequal fertilization levels. The study was based on the analysis of experimental data from a long-term stationary experiment, laid out simultaneously in all fields and variants on typical chernozem in triplicate. The results are as follows: within the same fertilization levels, no significant differences in the yield of winter wheat (sugar beet precursor) were revealed, and the yield of sugar beet in a crop rotation with green manured fallow was stably higher (no more than 5 to 7%), an increase in yield relative to the control fertilizer variant (6 tons of manure per hectare per year) against the background of a double rate of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers amounted to 21.7 to 23.4% for wheat and 14.3 to 15.6% for beets with an increase in the productivity of crop rotations (in natural and value terms) by 1.2 times, but an increase in costs by 1.3 times caused an absolute decrease in the level of profitability by 23 to 25%. Differences in the assessment indicators for specific fertilization variants increased over time due to an unequal degree of soil fertility reproduction, and therefore in the fifth cycle of the crop rotation with black fallow turned out to be 1.1 to 1.3 times greater than in the green manured rotation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

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