scholarly journals Perception of Environmental Change Relationship to Labor Migration in the Chitwan Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Miller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Farming Households

This research examines environmental change, in terms of agriculture production, influence on outmigration from the Chitwan Valley in Nepal. As the first part of a longitudinal study, a maximum variation sampling method was used to gather data on farming households' perceptions of environmental change and labor migration. While collecting field data, verbal consent was obtained from research participants and their identities protected. This study uses the measures of environmental change, social capital, and environmental history to analyze risk formation and amplification along migrant networks. Additionally, using t-tests, this data was compared to a sample from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) to observe change in perception and labor migration over time. The analysis concludes that perception of environmental change interacts with socio-cultural processes in ways that intensify household level migration. In addition, environmental change is one of the main factors causing low efficiency in agriculture production, leading households to diversify occupation and income through labor migration.

Vulnerability to Natural Disaster and Welfare Effect: A Case Study of Flood Risk in Vietnam’s North Central Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962199349
Author(s):  
Manh-Hung Nguyen ◽  
Dung P Le ◽  
Thang T Vo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
North Central ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Household Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of flood risk on vulnerability and welfare at the household level in Vietnam. The analytical sample is taken from a household survey conducted in a north central Vietnam community through a three-stage stratified random sampling method. The propensity score matching approach is employed to compare various welfare indicators between flooded and non-flooded households. This study finds that flooding results in significant income losses and imposes higher costs of living, especially housing costs. The two types of households are vulnerable, implying that other natural disasters or socio-economic disadvantages may have adverse effects on households’ livelihoods. The insignificant effect of floods on vulnerability indicates that the flooded households can cope with floods to some extent. However, contrary to family support, formal coping strategies are insufficient or ineffective at reducing household vulnerability to floods.

scholarly journals Rural Households' Allocation of Remittance Income in Agriculture in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Business Investment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Rural Nepal

This paper examines the uses of remittances in various household activities by remittance-receiving households in rural Nepal. Specifically, this paper focuses on the allocation of (a) remittances in agriculture and other dimensions of household activities, and (b) whether there is any association between the amount of remittances received and the amount allocated by households to agriculture and other dimensions. This study utilizes the detailed household level data (n=139 remittance-receiving households) collected from the Chitwan Valley in 2014, a rural migrant-sending setting of southern Nepal that collected remittances received by households and remittance used in various household activities with monthly precision in the past 12 months. Using the multilevel multivariate OLS regression, the results showed that of the total amount of remittances used, farming (e.g. purchase of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides) received only about 3.1 percent. In contrast, a large proportion of remittance was used in buying fixed assets such as land, houses, and jewelry (27.1%), followed by food and vegetables (15.3%), savings and business investment (12.3%), loan payment (11.0%), education, (11.2%), and health (4.1%). Adjusted results from multivariate analysis (multilevel OLS) showed that the amount of remittances received by households was not significantly associated with its use in farming. However, the amount of remittances received was positively associated with the amount used in buying fixed assets, media (electronic) items, clothing, covering cultural expenses, paying utilities, and repaying debt. Implications from the findings are presented.

scholarly journals Management of Gogo Rice Production in Realizing the Commercialization of Marginal Land Farming Households in Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Wulandari Dwi Etika Rini ◽  
Endang Siti Rahayu ◽  
Mohamad Harisudin ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Marketable Surplus ◽  
Farming Households

The land is an important factor for people whose lives depend on the agricultural sector. The need for land for various uses has resulted in decreasing agricultural land which could have implications for decreasing food production. Alternative options which are expected to increase the potential for food production are the utilization of marginal land. Farmers with marginal land need to manage their production to meet household needs. So it is important to examine the marketable surplus, the level of commercialization, and the carrying capacity of marginal land. The research area was taken by purposive sampling method in Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. The samples taken were upland rice farmer households with the simple random sampling method. The marketable surplus analysis uses a marketable surplus formula, then the percentage is used to determine the level of farm commercialization. The carrying capacity analysis is carried out using the carrying capacity formula. The results showed that farmer households manage rice production by allocating an average of 59.1% for marketed and 40.9% for household consumption. The allocation of marketable surplus is greater than for household consumption, this shows that gogo rice farming households are towards commercially. The marginal land carrying capacity of 0.641 indicates that the land cannot be developed in an expansive and exploratory manner. The implication is in increasing upland rice production on marginal land, namely by an intensification of farming.

Event, Process and Pulse: Resituating Floods in Environmental Histories of South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Perceptual Shift ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
Geomorphological Processes ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
Complex Relationships

The notion of the flood in South Asia is no longer solely characterised as the archetypal natural disaster. This perceptual shift, as this article will point out, draws from a conceptual shift within the field of environmental histories of South Asia. In the course of exploring and debating ideas about environmental change, environmental historians have drastically reconsidered the role and impacts of flooding in South Asia through three distinct narrative frameworks: (i) extreme hydraulic events; (ii) geomorphological process; and (iii) biological pulses. Environmental history as a field has thus helped to flesh out and radically revise our understanding of flooding, which has changed from previously being seen as an ahistorical calamitous event to instead providing contexts for revealing complex relationships between geomorphological processes, biological pulses and livelihood strategies. The notion of the flood in South Asia, consequently, is now acknowledged as an ecological force that is mediated by social, cultural and political interventions rather than exclusively borne out as an effect of nature.

The environmental history of Australian rivers: a neglected field of opportunity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul I. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
History Of

Historical ecology documents environmental change with scientific precepts, commonly by using statistical analyses of numerical data to test specific hypotheses. It is usually undertaken by ecologists. An alternative approach to understanding the natural world, undertaken instead by historians, geographers, sociologists, resource economists or literary critics, is environmental history. It attempts to explain in cultural terms why and how environmental change takes place. This essay outlines 10 case studies that show how rivers have affected perceptions and attitudes of the Australian community over the past 200+ years. They examine the influence at two contrasting scales, namely, the collective and the personal, by investigating the role that rivers had in the colonisation of Australia by the British in 1788, the establishment of capital cities, perceptions of and attitudes to the environment informed by explorers’ accounts of their journeys through inland Australia, the push for closer settlement by harnessing the country’s rivers for navigation and irrigation, anxiety about defence and national security, and the solastalgia occasioned by chronic environmental degradation. Historical ecology and environmental history are complementary intellectual approaches, and increased collaboration across the two disciplines should yield many benefits to historians, to ecologists, and to the conservation of Australian rivers more widely.

Missing Links? Business History and Environmental Change

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Berghoff ◽  
Mathias Mutz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Business History ◽  
Ecological Implications

AbstractBusiness and the natural environment, economy and ecology, are commonly perceived as being irreconcilable opposites. This article evaluates the variables of this opposition and asks for differentiated concepts from business and environmental history. In doing so it analyzes the existing literature in both subdisciplines and looks at why they have been relatively isolated from each other. The authors advocate approaches that integrate business and environmental history and take ecological implications of business as serious as the commercial implications of dealing with nature.

The Environmental Fall of the Roman Empire

Daedalus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Harper
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Climate Proxies

Global environmental history is currently being enriched by troves of new data, and new models of environmental variability and human impact. Earth scientists are rapidly expanding historians’ knowledge of the paleoclimate through the recovery and analysis of climate proxies such as ice cores, tree rings, stalagmites, and marine and lake sediments. Further, archaeologists and anthropologists are using novel techniques and methods to study the history of health and disease, as revealed through examination of bones and paleomolecular evidence. These possibilities open the way for historians to participate in a conversation about the long history of environmental change and human response. This essay considers how one of the most classic of all historical questions–the fall of the Roman Empire–can receive an answer enriched by new knowledge about the role of environmental change.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change and Price Fluctuations to Income of Rubber Farmers at Burai Village Ogan Ilir

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Elly Rosana ◽  
Yulius Yulius ◽  
Thirtawati Thirtawati ◽  
Dewi Paramita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Village ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The objectives of this study to analyzing climate change on rubber productivity in Burai Village and differences in rubber farmers' income and family consumption patterns in Burai Village before and after falling rubber prices. This research was conducted from October to December 2017. This study was a survey research which took 30 samples from 160 rubber farming households using simple random sampling method. The results of this study indicate that climate change has an impact on the productivity of rubber farming in the village of Burai, where there was a decline in rubber productivity by 14.44 percent from 1,345.80 kg / ha in 2012 to 1,151.42 kg/ha in 2016, while farmers' income rubber in 2012 and 2016 decreased by 67.73 percent. The difference in income of rubber farming families in 2012 and 2016 was Rp 6,267,390.6 per year, meaning that there was a decrease of 11.78 percent. Large differences in consumption patterns before and after the decline in rubber prices by Rp 476,933.34 per year or an increase of 1.40 percent compared to 2012, in line with Engel's Theory which states that the smaller a person's income, the greater the income used for food consumption.

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