scholarly journals Korean Female Graduate Students’ Experiences in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Model Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Model Minority Stereotype ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender

The unique experiences of Korean female graduate students (KFGS) in the United States (US) have not received much attention or been discussed although Korea has been one of the leading countries sending students to the US. By examining literature regarding the experiences of KFGS studying and living in the US, this paper reports their challenges (e.g., racial and gender discrimination, the model minority stereotype, and multiple roles as students and as wives and/or mothers) and ways to respond to those challenges. This paper also urges to conduct more research on lives of KFGS to make them visible and heard in US academia.

Political Climate, Voter Suppression Policies and Federal Sentencing Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1180
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Nowacki ◽  
Danielle Creech ◽  
Megan Parks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Racial Threat ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Voter Suppression ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Many states in the United States have recently implemented voter suppression policies, which make voting more difficult, particularly for members of marginalized populations (e.g. non-white and female voters). In this article, we examine how these policies and other measures of political climate influence criminal sentencing in US district courts. Using 2015 data from the US Sentencing Commission, alongside other district-level measures, we find both direct and conditioning relationships between political climate and extra-legal variables. Specifically, we find that, while voter suppression policies do not directly affect sentence length, racial threat effects are enhanced in districts governed by such policies. Conversely, districts without such policies see larger mitigating effects at high levels of ethnic diversity and gender equality.

Unions as the Solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
David Madland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

This chapter steps back from policy reform to provide the building blocks to support the book's claim that unions can help address the economic and political challenges facing the United States. It highlights America's troubles — stagnant wages, extreme inequality, low trust, racism, and a weakened democracy — and the reasons why unions might be expected to help solve them. It then presents theory and evidence showing what unions do to raise wages, reduce economic inequality, increase political participation, and make politicians more responsive to ordinary citizens, as well as how they help reduce racial and gender discrimination and rebuild societal trust. It also discusses how unions achieve these goals with little to no harm to the overall economy.

scholarly journals How the Pandemic Has Reshaped Economic Inclusion in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mark E. Schweitzer ◽  
Emily Dohrman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
And Gender

The pandemic brought unusually large and novel changes to the US labor market. Some sectors lost half or nearly half of their employment; others moved their workforces to home settings. Some workers lost their jobs, some left their jobs temporarily, and some left the workforce altogether. These changes have affected different demographic groups differently. We investigate how the pandemic affected workers of different ages, racial or ethnic backgrounds, and gender and the degree to which these effects have persisted after a year of recovery.

Brief Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Carlie Palmer-Webb ◽  
Larry J Nelson ◽  
Mallory A Millett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

Scholars have briefly examined the substantial impact of shyness on sexual attitudes and behaviors in emerging adulthood. However, shyness is only one form of social withdrawal that has been identified. Building on previous research, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between three distinct forms of social withdrawal—shyness, avoidance, and unsociability—and the sexual attitudes and behaviors of emerging adults. Participants included 792 undergraduate and graduate students from throughout the United States gathered as a part of Project READY. Results revealed that each form of social withdrawal was uniquely associated with sexual attitudes and behaviors, with shyness leading the subtypes in its reach of influence across outcomes and gender.

Latinx Business and Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Regalado
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Pivotal Moments ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century

Entrepreneurship has been a basic element of Latinx life in the United States since long before the nation’s founding, varying in scale and cutting across race, class, and gender to different degrees. Indigenous forms of commerce pre-dated Spanish contact in the Americas and continued thereafter. Beginning in the 16th century, the raising, trading, and production of cattle and cattle-related products became foundational to Spanish, Mexican, and later American Southwest society and culture. By the 19th century, Latinxs in US metropolitan areas began to establish enterprises in the form of storefronts, warehouses, factories, as well as smaller ventures including peddling. At times, they succeeded previous ethnic owners; in other moments, they established new businesses that shaped everyday life and politics of their respective communities. Whatever the scale of their ventures, Latinx business owners continued to capitalize on the migration of Latinx people to the United States from Latin America and the Caribbean during the 20th century. These entrepreneurs entered business for different reasons, often responding to restricted or constrained labor options, though many sought the flexibility that entrepreneurship offered. Despite an increasing association between Latinx people and entrepreneurship, profits from Latinx ventures produced uneven results during the second half of the 20th century. For some, finance and business ownership has generated immense wealth and political influence. For others at the margins of society, it has remained a tool for achieving sustenance amid the variability of a racially stratified labor market. No monolithic account can wholly capture the vastness and complexity of Latinx economic activity. Latinx business and entrepreneurship remains a vital piece of the place-making and politics of the US Latinx population. This article provides an overview of major trends and pivotal moments in its rich history.

From Undesirable to Marriageable

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Model Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
And Gender

Asian Americans are at the vanguard of rising intermarriage in the United States. Once deemed “undesirable” and “unassimilable,” Asian Americans have become the most “marriageable” racial minority group in the country. In this article, I posit that the passage of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act altered the socioeconomic profiles of Asian immigrants to the United States, thereby making them more desirable partners in the marriage market. Further, I explain interracial “marriageability” as a social construction and document how the rising rate of intermarriage has resulted in a growing Asian multiracial population that experiences fewer social identity constraints than do other multiracial Americans. Some demographers claim that these trends reflect a “diversity explosion,” in which racial boundaries are upending, especially for Asian Americans. However, the gendered patterns of intermarriage and the persistence of racial and gender stereotypes, including the “model minority” trope in the case of Asian Americans, indicate that while Asians may have achieved racial mobility, racial boundaries persist and inhibit full incorporation.

Sustainable Cycling for all? Race and Gender–Based Bicycling Inequalities in Portland, Oregon

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1202
Author(s):  
Amy Lubitow ◽  
Kyla Tompkins ◽  
Madeleine Feldman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Amidst findings of increased bicycling in the United States, research continues to demonstrate that women and racial minorities are underrepresented as cyclists in the United States (Buehler and Pucher 2012). While quantitative data may reveal estimates of these disparities, we know little about the motivations or deterrents related to cycling as they are experienced by individuals. This article draws from 30 in–depth interviews with women and people of color in Portland, Oregon to clarify ongoing barriers to bicycling that prevent those who own a bike (and are thus not limited strictly by economic barriers) from becoming more routine cyclists. Findings suggest that barriers for marginalized cyclists range from concerns about development and gentrification to overt racial and gender discrimination experienced while riding. These findings suggest that cycling mobilities are critically linked to intersecting and overlapping identities and those efforts to increase diversity in bike ridership must acknowledge the unique challenges experienced by marginalized groups. We conclude this article by offering suggestions from research participants regarding interventions that might reduce social barriers to biking.

From “coming out” to “Undocuqueer”: intersections between illegality and queerness and the US undocumented youth movement

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Ina Batzke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undocumented Youth ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Narrative Self ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Gender

This chapter explores the intersectionality of seeking citizenship and gender on the movement strategies of undocumented youths by tracing the evolvement of the Undocuqueer movement within the overall undocumented youth movement in the United States since 2001. By analyzing both tactics and narrative self-representations of Undocuqueer activists, it describes the specificities of UndocuQueer challenges and opportunities in order to trace how LGBTQ representations of undocumented youth legitimized themselves within the larger scope of the movement. In the course of this discussion, it is clear that the UndocuQueer tactics are not be understood as a parallel occurrence to earlier representations of undocumentedness, but instead as an intersecting one in the fight for social justice, which almost organically grew from within the overall undocumented community.

scholarly journals Graduate Students Perceptions of Success in United States Colleges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa S. Alfaifi ◽  
Heba AbuZayyad-Nuseibeh ◽  
Nadia Awaida ◽  
Waynne W. James
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Group Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to investigate Saudi students’ behaviors at higher education institutions in the US, by clarifying the reasons behind their retentions and the reasons for their dropout (leaving the school), in order to limit the increase in this issue. Data were collected through three focus groups. The participants in this study were 15 graduate students studying in the United States. The method used to prepare focus group data for analyzing in this study was an abridged transcript. The analysis framework in this study was constant comparative. The findings of this study were most participants saw the definition of student success in colleges as: achieving the goals of the study, passing all courses, graduating on time, and diligence and persistence. The most frequent factors which led students to postgraduate study were: obtaining a high level of education, self-improvement, updating their income, and upgrading their job to a higher position. Some of the difficulties/problems the participants faced while enrolled at their universities included: the difficulty of some courses, time constraints, lack of experience, and tuition. These problems were mostly solved by: cooperating with other students, working with the tutoring center, asking advisers for help, and trying to get a scholarship from the government of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract 13795: Race and Gender Differences in Mortality From Atrial Fibrillation in the United States: 1999 to 2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshi Parvez ◽  
Justin Salciccioli ◽  
Augustin DeLago ◽  
Joseph Shalhoub ◽  
Adam Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Black Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Observation Period

Objective: To assess differences in mortality trends from atrial fibrillation (AF) among different races and genders in the United States (US). Background: AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrythmia in the US. No up to date analysis has assessed AF mortality trends by race and gender across the US. Methods: For this observational analysis US AF mortality data from 1999 to 2018 for individuals >45 years of age were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. International Classification of Diseases code I48 was used to define AF. Mortality data were age-standardized to the US 2000 standard population, and stratified by gender and race (Caucasian, Black, Asian). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess for significant changes in trends over the observation period, and provide estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC)s with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: From 1999 to 2018, the mortality rate per 100,000 population, increased significantly from 3.7 to 8.3 (+124%, the greatest increase observed) amongst Asian men (AM), from 5.4 to 10.8 (+100%) amongst Black men (BM), and from 9.2 to 19.2 (+108%) amongst Caucasian men (CM). Mortality increases, per 100,000 population, were seen from 4.0 to 7.4 (+85%, the smallest increase observed) in Asian women (AW), 5.3 to 12.8 (+121%) in Black women (BW), and 8.9 to 19.7 (+121%) in Caucasian women (CW) over the same time period. Joinpoint analysis demonstrated significant increasing AF mortality trends for both genders and all races studied. AW had the highest EAPC of 8.6 (95% CI 6.0-11.3) between 1999-2008, which slowed to 2.2 (95% CI 0.1-4.3) between 2009-2018. AM followed a similar EAPC pattern: 7.7 (95% CI 5.7-9.8) between 1999-2008, decreasing to 0.5 (95% CI -1.1-2.2) between 2009-2018. Between 1999-2018, EAPCs increased for BW (3.8, 95% CI 3.2-4.4), CW (4.4, 95% CI 4.0-4.8), BM (4.0, 95% CI 3.4-4.6) and CM (4.8, 95% CI 4.4-5.2). Conclusion: Between 1999 and 2018, there are increasing AF mortality trends amongst both genders and all races, with Caucasians having the greatest overall increases during the observation period. EAPCs demonstrate that the rates of increases in AF mortality are greatest in Caucasians, followed by Asian then Black Americans.

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