scholarly journals Child sex ratio - declining trend: Reasons and consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
Neethu George ◽  
Rock Britto ◽  
R Abhinaya ◽  
M Archana ◽  
A S Aruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shed Light

Child sex ratio (CSR) and over all sex ratio have found to be the important indicator to examine the social commitment against female child. According to census 2011, CSR has been decreased from 927 to 919 in 2011. Many researchers have reported that the sex ratio at birth is in favor of males and the low sex ratio is found to be due to the sex selection strategies of the parents. Despite the higher mortality preponderance for male child, the females were having a decreased ratio during childhood years. Gender discrimination and female infanticide have found to be the important factor responsible for the low CSR. This article tries to shed light into the issue among the states of India, giving a special attention to the state of Tamil Nadu and proposes few remedial measures.

scholarly journals Gender Discrimination and Sex-Ratio Imbalance: A Qualitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-750
Author(s):  
Bijayalaxmi Nanda ◽  
Nupur Ray
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
The Government

The article strives to engage with the notion of gender discrimination at birth. It critically examines the various trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth in order to explore the intensification of its masculinization. Gender- biased sex selection or the practice of sex determination followed by sex-selective abortion in India is considered to be the main reason for this masculinization. Decennial Census since 1991 has shed light on this through its child sex ratio data. Other survey data which capture this include the National Family Health Survey. Scholars, policy-makers, demographers and health practitioners have closely examined this form of discrimination by delving into both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The government of India has unfurled many policies, programmes and laws to counter this imbalance. However, the ratios continue to reveal severe imbalances with passage of time. Apart from the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection Act) 1994 we have the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme which was initiated in 2014. The scheme is a holistic one bringing about a tri ministerial convergence of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Women and Child Development to work on the issue. The approach of the scheme is a community approach falling largely within the rubric of enabling community health practices and participation. The paper draws on both the trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth and other data enriching it by voices from the field from districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where the decline is one of the worst. It contextualizes the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme in this regard in order to arrive at a conclusion of what has improved in terms of numbers as well as attitudes or mindsets. It finally makes suggestions for the way forward in terms of countering gender discrimination at birth and bringing about an egalitarian society by emphasizing on the value of girl-child and women. 

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AMARNA LETTERS TOWARDS A STUDY OF SYRO-PALESTINIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1). TERMINOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-832
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Muntingh
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Free People ◽  
Shed Light

Egyptian domination under the 18th and 19th Dynasties deeply influenced political and social life in Syria and Palestine. The correspondence between Egypt and her vassals in Syria and Palestine in the Amarna age, first half of the fourteenth century B.C., preserved for us in the Amarna letters, written in cuneiform on clay tablets discovered in 1887, offer several terms that can shed light on the social structure during the Late Bronze Age. In the social stratification of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule according to the Amarna letters, three classes are discernible:1) government officials and military personnel, 2) free people, and 3) half-free people and slaves. In this study, I shall limit myself to the first, the upper class. This article deals with terminology for government officials.

Developing the Social Progress Index for Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Krishnamurthy ◽  
Catherine I. Anita ◽  
Maria Patricia Peeris
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Social

Predicting the Social Commitments of College Students

NASPA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lavelle ◽  
Leslie W. O'Ryan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Social Beliefs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scale Scores

Developmental orientations as measured by the Dakota Inventory of Student Orientations (DISO) are strong predictors of the social attitudes and commitments that college students make. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of social beliefs and commitments during the college years in relation to developmental orientations as measured by DISO (Lavelle & Rickord, 1999). Results supported Creative-Reflective scale scores as predictive of commitment to the more humanitarian issues such as race and women’s rights, whereas Achieving-Social scores predicted environmental concern. Interestingly, Reliant scale scores were found to be negatively related to social commitment. Implications include interventions based on the strengths and weaknesses of each orientation and suggestions for further research.

It Is More Than Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Dianne Toe ◽  
Louise Paatsch ◽  
Amy Szarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Social Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who use spoken language face unique challenges when communicating with others who have typical hearing, particularly their peers. In such contexts, the social use of language has been recognized as an area of vulnerability among individuals in this population and has become a focus for research and intervention. The development of pragmatic skills intersects with many aspects of child development, including emotional intelligence and executive function, as well as social and emotional development. While all these areas are important, they are beyond the scope of this chapter, which highlights the impact of pragmatics on the specific area of cognition. Cognitive pragmatics is broadly defined as the study of the mental processes involved in the understanding of meaning in the context of a cooperative interaction. This chapter explores how DHH children and young people construe meaning in the context of conversations and expository interactions with their peers. The chapter aims to examine the role played by the cognitive processes of making inferences and comprehending implicature, within the overall display of pragmatic skills. Further, the authors use this lens in the analysis of interactions between DHH children and their peers in order to shed light on the development of pragmatic skills in children who are DHH.

scholarly journals Application of Biomimetics to Architectural and Urban Design: A Review across Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Uchiyama ◽  
Eduardo Blanco ◽  
Ryo Kohsaka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shed Light

Application of biomimetics has expanded progressively to other fields in recent years, including urban and architectural design, scaling up from materials to a larger scale. Besides its contribution to design and functionality through a long evolutionary process, the philosophy of biomimetics contributes to a sustainable society at the conceptual level. The aim of this review is to shed light on trends in the application of biomimetics to architectural and urban design, in order to identify potential issues and successes resulting from implementation. In the application of biomimetics to architectural design, parts of individual “organisms”, including their form and surface structure, are frequently mimicked, whereas in urban design, on a larger scale, biomimetics is applied to mimic whole ecosystems. The overall trends of the reviewed research indicate future research necessity in the field of on biomimetic application in architectural and urban design, including Biophilia and Material. As for the scale of the applications, the urban-scale research is limited and it is a promising research which can facilitate the social implementation of biomimetics. As for facilitating methods of applications, it is instrumental to utilize different types of knowledge, such as traditional knowledge, and providing scientific clarification of functions and systems based on reviews. Thus, interdisciplinary research is required additionally to reach such goals.

Managing the Health of Chosŏn Kings: Illness and Treatment in the Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wung Seok Cha
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Choson Dynasty ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

TheSŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi (Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat)is one of the major chronicles of the events of the Chosŏn Dynasty (1392–1910). Although the records prior to the year 1622 are no longer extant, the remaining records from the years 1623 to 1910 meticulously recount the daily activities of the reigning Chosŏn kings, including copious information on their physical and mental status. Because the king’s health was considered as important as other official affairs in many respects, detailed records were kept of royal ailments and how court doctors treated them. This article surveys the state of Korean-language scholarship on the medical content of theDaily Recordsand presents selected translations to demonstrate how this valuable historical source can shed light on both the social history of Chosŏn medicine and the political importance of kingly health at the Chosŏn court.

Social Metadata and Public-Contributed Contents in Memory Institutions: “Crowd Voice” Versus “Authenticated Heritage”?

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chern Li Liew
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractSocial technologies have led to increasing participatory activities and institutions are interested in the potential of using these for outreach and engagement. Through offering new spaces and tools that allow users to consume and also to contribute content, institutions are expanding their traditional services which could redefine their role and relevance in the digital cultural heritage landscape. This study investigates the decision-making and practices underpinning current handling of social metadata and public-contributed contents (PCC). The focus is on examining the motivations for soliciting contributions, if and how these are moderated and managed, if they are integrated into the institutional data and knowledge base, and the extent to which public stakeholders moderate. The study also involves an investigation of whether, and how, memory institutions consider diversity and inclusiveness in soliciting participation and contributions, and the values placed on PCC, as compared to institutional resources. The aim of this study is to shed light on these by surveying libraries, archives, museums, and other institutions.How institutions deal with the social metadata and PCC they gather, and what they do with the contributions, could be a key determining factor of the success of their participatory practice as part of their larger effort to capture and preserve collective memories. This survey shows that the profession still has a way to go towards these goals. There is little evidence that demonstrates integration of a participatory culture and activities into the strategic directions and documentary practices of institutions.

Hong Kong's Eurasian “Web” Viewed through the Lens of Inter-Asian Studies: Comments on Engseng Ho's “Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies”

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-951
Author(s):  
Emma Teng
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Intermediate Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Static Models ◽  
China Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Engseng Ho proposes that “the study of Asia, thought of as an Inter-Asian space, and smaller than the whole globe, can provide tractable concepts for a new round of research to shed light on the social shapes of societies that are mobile, spatially expansive, and interactive with one other.” Moving us away from more static models of China studies, Japan studies, etc., the concept of “inter-Asian”—where I take the “inter” to stand for inter-national, inter-regional, inter-faith, inter-racial, and inter-ethnic—offers a productive framework for examining histories that have been previously marginalized in dominant historical narratives: for example, the history of colonial Hong Kong's Eurasian community. In such a case, where the scope of inquiry is neither fully global in scale nor strictly local, the inter-Asian framework provides a middle ground and intermediate scale that brings this history into focus.

The Life-History of Badumna-Candida (Araneae, Amaurobioidea)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Downes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
Social Spiders ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time

A two-year study of the social spider Badumna candida at Townsville, Queensland, provided information on colony size and changes over time, maturation synchrony, temperature effects on development, sex ratio, dispersal, colony foundation, fecundity and oviposition. Key findings were that B. candida outbred, had an iteroparous egg-production cycle between March and October, had an even primary sex ratio and achieved maturation synchrony by retarding the development of males, which matured faster than females at constant temperature. There was no overlap of generations, the cohort of young from a nest founded by a solitary female in summer dispersing the following summer as subadults (females) or subadults and adults (males). These findings confirm the status of B. candida as a periodic-social spider (an annual outbreeder), in contrast to the few known permanent-social spider species whose generations overlap. Cannibalism, normally rare in social spiders, rose to 48% when spiders were reared at a high temperature. This may be evidence that volatile recognition pheromones suppress predatory instincts in social spiders.

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