Perancangan Pengkondisian Udara pada Ruangan Steril Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika dengan Standard Cleanroom Menggunakan Instalasi Ducting

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fremmy Raymond Agustinus
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
X 24 ◽  
Air Passage ◽  
Booster Fan

Desain penyejuk udara juga dapat diterapkan di bidang kesehatan, dengan standar Cleanroom dapat diperoleh suhu, kelembaban, kenyamanan dan kebersihan yang dibutuhkan untuk ruang steril (ruang bedah). Perancangan pendingin udara dalam hal ini dilakukan dengan menentukan beban pendinginan yang diperlukan untuk ruang steril (ruang bedah), kemudian menentukan ukuran ducting, jalur ducting, dan jumlah penggunaan ducting. Desain ini menggabungkan unit split saluran yang dimodifikasi, kipas booster, filter pra, filter medium, dan filter HEPA dengan menggunakan saluran aluminium preinsulated sebagai saluran udara. Desain dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak AutoCAD 2012, Design Tools Duct Sizer, dan Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil perhitungan dan desain didapatkan kebutuhan kapasitas 3 ruang bedah yaitu ducted ducted 100.000 BTUH sebanyak 3 unit, booster fan 3.3 - 4 Di WG sebanyak 3 unit, pre filter 24 "x 24" x 2 "6 set, filter menengah 610 x 610 x 290 mm 6 set, dan filter HEPA 1220 x 610 x 70 mm 12. Untuk ruang steril, tekanan statis yang dihasilkan oleh unit pendingin harus lebih besar daripada tekanan statis yang dihasilkan dari unit yang ada. di ruang semi steril. Dengan kata lain, ruang steril harus memiliki tekanan positif terhadap ruang semi steril. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar udara di ruang semi steril tidak masuk ke ruang steril ketika pintu antar ruangan dibuka. Desain dan perhitungan ruang bedah, suhu nyata yang diperoleh adalah 23 ° C ± 2 ° C dan kelembaban relatif yang diperoleh adalah 60% ± 2%.   Air conditioning design can also be applied in the health field, with cleanroom standard can be obtained temperature, humidity, comfort and hygiene needed for sterile room (surgical room). The design of air conditioning in this case is done by determining the cooling load required for the sterile room (surgical room), then determining the ducting size, ducting path, and the amount of ducting usage. This design combines modified ducted split unit, booster fan, pre filter, medium filter, and HEPA filter by using preinsulated aluminum duct as an air passage. The design is done by using AutoCAD 2012 software, Design Tools Duct Sizer, and Microsoft Excel. From the calculation and design result obtained the capacity requirement of 3 surgical room that is split ducted 100.000 BTUH as many as 3 units, booster fan 3.3 - 4 In WG as many as 3 units, pre filter 24"x 24" x 2" 6 sets, medium filter 610 x 610 x 290 mm 6 sets, and HEPA filter 1220 x 610 x 70 mm 12 sets. For the sterile room, the static pressure generated by the cooling unit shall be larger than the static pressure generated from the unit present in the semi sterile room. In other words, the sterile room must have positive pressure to the semi sterile room. It is intended that the air in the semi sterile room does not enter into the sterile room when the door between room opened. In this surgical room design and calculation, real temperature obtained is 23 °C ± 2 °C and the relative moisture obtained is 60% ± 2%.

Study on Water-Cooled Solar Semiconductor Air Conditioner

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Dong Zhi-Ming ◽  
Guo Li-Xia ◽  
Chang Ji-Bin ◽  
Zhou Xue-Bin
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Test System ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Experimental Room ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Solar Powered

Aiming to compare the cooling effect, two types of solar-powered semiconductor air-conditioning devices were designed in different structures. According to the cooling load in an experimental room, the solar panels and battery capacity were determined for the development of a test system. In the same working condition, a comparison test was carried out to examine the cooling performance. Experimental results showed that the design of dual water-cooled cooling unit presented a higher ratio of energy efficiency, with its maximum value of 1.08. By observing the experimental data of the prototype, its comparative economic evaluation results indicated that the annualized cost of solar semiconductor airconditioning was app. 2.7 times that of air-conditioning made from an ordinary compressor.

Heat Transfer in a Supersonic Parallel Diffuser

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pipe Flows ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
The Mean

This paper presents the results of heat transfer measurements taken on a two-dimensional supersonic parallel diffuser. The wall static pressure distributions and the corresponding heat transfer coefficients and fluxes have been measured for a range of initial total pressures. The effects of varying the area of the diffuser cross-section for the same upstream generating nozzle have also been studied. Mach number profiles measured at sections along the diffuser show that in the presence of shock waves and a positive pressure gradient the flow is very much underdeveloped. In general, the mean level of heat transfer is found to be much greater than that predicted by conventional empirical equations for subsonic pipe flows with zero pressure gradient. Further, on comparison between normal and oblique shock diffusion the former is found to give the higher level of heat transfer.

scholarly journals Improving the Heat Transfer Rate of Air Conditioning Condenser by Material Optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
A. A. Adegbola ◽  
O. A. Adeaga ◽  
A. O. Babalola ◽  
A. O. Oladejo ◽  
A. S. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Condenser Tube ◽  
Total Heat Transfer

Air conditioning systems have condensers that remove unwanted heat from the refrigerant and transfer the heat outdoors. The optimization of the global exploit of heat exchanging devices is still a burdensome task due to different design parameters involved. There is need for more and substantial research into bettering cooling channel materials so as to ensure elevated performance, better efficiency, greater accuracy, long lasting and low cost heat exchanging. The aim of this research work is to improve the heat transfer rate of air conditioning condenser by optimizing materials for different tube diameters. Simulations using thermal analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis were carried out to determine the better material and fluid respectively. The analysis was done using Analysis System software. Different parameters were calculated from the results obtained and graphs are plotted between various parameters such as heat flux, static pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total heat transfer. The materials used for CFD analysis are R12 and R22, and for thermal analysis are copper and aluminium. From the CFD analysis, the result shows that R22 has more static pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total heat transfer than R12 at condenser tube diameter 6 mm. In thermal investigation, the heat flux is more for copper material at condenser tube diameter 6 mm. Copper offers maximum heat flux. Also, refrigerant R22 scores maximum for the heat transfer criteria, but cannot be recommended due to toxicity

scholarly journals Optimal Control Strategy for Variable Air Volume Air-Conditioning Systems Using Genetic Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Chul Seong ◽  
Jee-Heon Kim ◽  
Wonchang Choi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume

This study is aimed at developing a real-time optimal control strategy for variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning in a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system using genetic algorithms and a simulated large-scale office building. The two selected control variables are the settings for the supply air temperature and the duct static pressure to provide optimal control for the VAV air-conditioning system. Genetic algorithms were employed to calculate the optimal control settings for each control variable. The proposed optimal control conditions were evaluated according to the total energy consumption of the HVAC system based on its component parts (fan, chiller, and cold-water pump). The results confirm that the supply air temperature and duct static pressure change according to the cooling load of the simulated building. Using the proposed optimal control variables, the total energy consumption of the building was reduced up to 5.72% compared to under ‘normal’ settings and conditions.

Study on Numerical Simulation Method of Aerodynamic Performance of High-Speed Train on Bridge

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qun Xiang ◽  
Wen Hua Guo ◽  
Jia Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Static Pressure ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Dynamic Mesh ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Aerodynamic Coefficients ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Rolling Moment ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Mesh Method

The dynamic mesh method that could simulate the actual moving of train was used to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients of train on bridge with wind barriers of various heights, and the static pressure distributions around the train body and velocity magnitude distributions were analyzed, the results computed by dynamic mesh method were compared with that computed by traditional static mesh method. The results show that the aerodynamic coefficients of train and flow field characteristics computed by the two methods agree well under the configuration without wind barriers. However, there is considerable difference between the results computed by the two methods with the installation of wind barriers. It is found that the dynamic mesh method is more reasonable to simulate the aerodynamic coefficients of train with wind barriers by analysis of the contour of static pressure distributions and velocity magnitude distributions. The wind barriers effectively decrease the positive pressure on windward train body and negative pressure on train roof, mainly reduce the side force coefficient, lift force coefficient, rolling moment coefficient. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance of train on bridge under crosswind is improved.

Using a Fan Air Flow Station to Control Building Static Pressure in a Variable Volume Air Conditioning System

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zheng ◽  
X. Pang ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
I. Joo
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Sensor Locations

A fan airflow station measures airflow through a fan using fan speed, fan head, and the field-calibrated fan curve. This paper presents the theory and techniques of using fan airflow station in a variable volume system for building pressure control. These techniques include fan curve calibration, determination of the volumetric flow difference of the supply and return airflows, and sensor locations. The return fan speed profiles were plotted, and data was collected on building pressure after implementing the fan air flow station. The Implementation of a fan air flow station demonstrates that the return fan speed can track the supply fan speed profile as building loads change, such that building pressure is maintained within a satisfactory range.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Preload Responsiveness in Critically Ill Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Levitov ◽  
Paul E. Marik
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Fluid Loading ◽  
Volume Responsiveness ◽  
Preload Responsiveness ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment

Fluid challenges are considered the cornerstone of resuscitation in critically ill patients. However, clinical studies have demonstrated that only about 50% of hemodynamically unstable patients are volume responsive. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that excess fluid resuscitation is associated with increased mortality. It therefore becomes vital to assess a patient's fluid responsiveness prior to embarking on fluid loading. Static pressure (CVP, PAOP) and echocardiographic (IVC diameter, LVEDA) parameters fails to predict volume responsiveness. However, a number of dynamic echocardiographic parameters which are based on changes in vena-caval dimensions or cardiac function induce by positive pressure ventilation or passive leg raising appear to be highly predictive of volume responsiveness.

scholarly journals Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ismi Masyithah ◽  
Usman Hadi ◽  
Eko Budi Koendhori
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
X 24

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU). Mechanically, ventilated patients have a higher risk of VAP. VAP can increase morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. However, Indonesia lacks data about VAP. The objective of this study was to find out the characteristics of VAP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, in the period of August 2017 until August 2018.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by assessing medical records of the patients in ICU. The variables observed in this study were age, gender, outcome, length of stay in the ICU (LOSICU), and primary diagnosis. The inclusion criteria were the patients who have been using mechanical ventilation at least 2 x 24 hours in the ICU and confirmed VAP. The data were analyzed descriptively by using Microsoft Excel 2016.Results: A total of 18 VAP patients were diagnosed. VAP patients were dominated male (55.6%). The mean of LOSICU was 22.83 ± 11.24 days, and the mortality rate of VAP patients was high (55.6%). 30% of VAP patients had Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) as the primary diagnosis, and 16.65% had Congenital Heart Disease (CHD).Conclusion: Most VAP patients were male and had prolonged stays. The mortality rate of VAP patients was still high. GBS was the most frequent of primary diagnoses in patients with VAP and also CHD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document