Social security and gender equality in Kazakhstan: Legislative gaps and opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Yermek A. Buribayev ◽  
Zhanna A. Khamzina ◽  
Zhambyl K. Oryntaev ◽  
Amangeldy Sh. Khamzin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
And Gender

This article examines some of the implications of gender equality and gender policy at the national level from the perspective of social security guarantees. The changes that have taken place in family relations, economy, and politics challenge the gender regime in Kazakhstan. The article argues that social, political, and economic changes were not accompanied by the development of new gender models at the national level. New gender problems arise, including the trajectory of the distribution of the status of women in the family from the perspective of Islam. The article discusses the existing public and political demand for women's empowerment, which determines the relevance of improving the quality of a number of laws in relation to gender equality in accessing social security measures and facilitating unpaid care work. The first step was to study the construction and guarantees of the implementation of the principle of gender equality in the Constitution of Kazakhstan. At the second stage, international standards for the equality of men and women were summarized from the point of view of implementation in national legislation. At the last stage, recommendations and suggestions aimed at eliminating the discriminatory standards of social protection from the legislation are summarized and formulated.

Excellence and gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farinaz Fassa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Feminist Movements

Purpose – Discussing the Swiss case, the purpose of this paper is to examine how gender equality policies deal with the present requirements for scholars to be considered “excellent”. It aims to pinpoint the lines of tension or coherence between excellence, meritocracy and gender politics. Design/methodology/approach – In order to specify the norms of academic careers and their different renditions, the author draws on two studies (at local and national levels) to illustrate where the changes and resistances are taking place. Findings – The translations of a number of demands of feminist movements into the policies set up to favour equality between the sexes may combine to challenge the norms of academia as a gendered realm. Nevertheless, without strong pressure from feminists at local level and the conduct of research pursuing the enterprise of deconstructing norms, top-down policies may prove less “corrective” than affirmative action. This pressure is not only useful to build gender equality in science but also to broaden the spectrum of knowledge that can become a common good. Research limitations/implications – As neither the names nor the positions of the experts who select the candidates at national level are made public, we had to opt for other, less satisfactory means. Originality/value – The originality of the paper lies in the link made between the enhancements brought by Equalities policies and the changes they bring. It attempts to bring to light the extent to which gender equality policies conform to the neo-managerial order or challenge its norms to build a world that is more just.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 354-369
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements ie SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 855-870
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements i.e. SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

Fathering, parental leave, impacts, and gender equality: what/how are we measuring?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 441-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Doucet ◽  
Lindsey McKay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unpaid Leave ◽  
Leave Taking ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
And Gender

PurposeThis research article explores several questions about assessing the impacts of fathers' parental leave take up and gender equality. We ask: How does the conceptual and contextual specificity of care and equality shape what we focus on, and how, when we study parental leave policies and their impacts? What and how are we measuring?Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on a longitudinal qualitative research study on families with fathers who had taken parental leave in two Canadian provinces (Ontario and Québec), which included interviews with 26 couples in the first stage (25 mother/father couples and one father/father couple) and with nine couples a decade later. Guided by Margaret Somers' historical sociology of concept formation, we explore the concepts of care and equality (and their histories, networks, and narratives) and how they are taken up in parental leave research. We also draw on insights from three feminist scholars who have made major contributions to theoretical intersections between care, work, equality, social protection policies, and care deficits: Nancy Fraser, Joan Williams, and Martha Fineman.FindingsThe relationship between fathers' leave-taking and gender equality impacts is a complex, non-linear entanglement shaped by the specificities of state and employment policies and by how these structure parental eligibility for leave benefits, financial dimensions of leave-taking (including wage replacement rates for benefits), childcare possibilities/limitations and related financial dimensions for families, masculine work norms in workplaces, and intersections of gender and social class. Overall, we found that maximizing both parental leave time and family income in order to sustain good care for their children (through paid and unpaid leave time, followed by limited and expensive childcare services) was articulated as a more immediate concern to parents than were issues of gender equality. Our research supports the need to draw closer connections between parental leave, childcare, and workplace policies to better understand how these all shape parental leave decisions and practices and possible gender equality outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe article is based on a small and fairly homogenous Canadian research sample and thus calls for more research to be done on diverse families, with attention to possible conceptual diversity arising from these sites.Practical implicationsThis research calls for greater attention to: the genealogies of, and relations between, the concepts of care, equality, and subjectivity that guide parental leave research and policy; to the historical specificity of models like the Universal Caregiver model; and to the need for new models and conceptual configurations that can guide research on care, equality, and parental leave policies in current global contexts of neoliberal capitalism.Originality/valueWe call for a move toward thinking about care, not only as care time, but as responsibilities, which can be partly assessed through the stories people tell about how they negotiate and navigate care, domestic work, and paid work responsibilities in specific contexts and conditions across time. We also advocate for gender equality concepts that attend to how families navigate restrictive parental leave and childcare policies and how broader socio-economic inequalities arise partly from state policies underpinned by a concept of liberal autonomous subjects rather than relational subjects who face moments of vulnerability and inter-dependence across the life course.

scholarly journals A Panoramic View of the Social Security and Social Protection Provisioning in Lesotho

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Kananelo E Mosito
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Social security is one of the most important areas of social policy.As part of its social policy, the government of Lesotho has promulgated various pieces of legislation and introduced an assortment of public assistance programmes for the benefit of the people of the country. There are also various informal social security measures which are the result of coordinated activities by individuals and groupings in Lesotho. These initiatives together provide a broad spectrum of social security provisioning for the people of Lesotho. This article sets out to discuss the said social security provisioning measures and appraises the efficacy of their interventions.Lesotho is a constitutional state.The Constitution of Lesotho came into force on 2April 1993. It provides for a Bill of Rights as well as principles of state policy. There is, however, no express provision in the Constitution for a right to social security. This is regrettable. Thus, the intersection between constitutional law and social security within the context of Lesotho can be achieved only through the interpretation of the fundamental rights as well as the principles of state policy provided in the Constitution. While the provisions relating to fundamental rights help to establish entitlements to social security, the principles of state policy play an important role in giving direction to service delivery.Understanding the link between the various governmental and social initiatives is crucial if interventions are to be designed which will enhance the provision of social security for the benefit of the people of Lesotho.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Social Security Standards on Formalization of Social Risks in National Legislation

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Self ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the international standards of social security from the position of stipulation of social risks in them. On the basis of the state self-limitation theory, the author concludes that there exists a process of self-limitation in the field of social security. By ratification of international treaties establishing standards in the field of social security, a state limits itself. Thereby the state makes a commitment to support its citizens in prevention, overcoming, and compensation of social risks. It demands from the state to formalize the social risks in the national legislation. It is proved that formalization of social risks in national legislation is an inner aspect of the self-limitation process in the field of social security. Some social risks might be also stipulated in international documents, in particular, in the UN and the International Labour Organization instruments. Both internal and external aspects of the self-limitation process in the field of social security are in close interrelation. At the same time, implementation of certain international standards entails significant financial and organizational budget expenditures, therefore such standards can be implemented in part. From the author’s point of view, it is the internal aspect of self-limitation that serves as a guarantee from arbitrariness of a legislator in formalization of social risks.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 525-540
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements ie SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

Study Of Structuralism With Robert Stanton's Perspective In A Novel Every Night Is Separated By Alfiansyah On Language Learning Based On Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman ◽  
Nina Queena Putri ◽  
Endang Dwi Sulityowati ◽  
Alfian Rokhmansyah ◽  
Herdita Noor Wanda
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
And Gender

<p>Robert Stanton's structuralism is a study that focuses on the means of storytelling by looking at gender perspective as a problem in the novel that will be discussed in this study. This study aims to (1) describe Robert Stanton's Structuralism in the form of a literary means of building the novel Every Night is Sepi by Alfiansyah; (2) describing the gender perspective in the novel Every Night is Sepi by Alfiansyah. This study uses a qualitative approach with the analysis of the content of Robert Stanton's model. The results showed structural elements focusing on the means of the story and gender perspective as follows: Literary means are things that are utilized by the author in choosing and arranging the details of the story. The novel Every Malam is Sepi is built by excellent literary means because it meets all elements, namely: title, point of view, style and tone, symbolism, and irony. The gender perspective in the novel Every Night is Sepi is gender equality and gender injustice. The novel's gender injustices are marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence against women, and the double burden</p>

Do politics matter? Women in Swedish local elected assemblies 1970–2010 and gender equality in outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wängnerud ◽  
Anders Sundell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
National Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Elected Representatives

A substantial number of studies support the notion that having a high number of women in elected office helps strengthen the position of women in society. However, some of the most cited studies rely on questionnaires asking elected representatives about their attitudes and priorities, thus focusing on the input side of the political system. The closer one gets to outcomes in citizens’ everyday lives, the fewer empirical findings there are to report. In this study, we attempt to explain contemporary variations in gender equality at the sub-national level in Sweden. We use six indicators to capture a broad spectrum of everyday life situations. The overall finding is that having a high number of women elected does affect conditions for women citizens, making them more equal to men in terms of factors such as income levels, full-time vs. part-time employment, and distribution of parental leave between mothers and fathers, even when controlling for party ideology and modernization at the municipal level. No effect was found, however, on factors such as unemployment, poor health, and poverty among women. Thus, the politics of presence theory (Phillips, 1995), which emphasizes the importance of having a high number of women elected, does exert an effect, but the effect needs to be specified. For some dimensions of gender equality, the driving forces of change have more to do with general transformations of society than the equal distribution of women and men in elected assemblies. We thoroughly discuss measurement challenges since there is no accepted or straightforward way of testing the politics of presence theory. We challenge the conventional wisdom of using indexes to capture the network of circumstances that determines the relationship between women and men in society; aggregating several factors undermines the possibility of building fine-tuned understandings of the operative mechanisms.

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