Robert Torrens on Say's Law and the General Glut

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Rogério Arthmar ◽  
Taro Hisamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Aggregate Economy

This paper analyzes how Robert Torrens's system of prices is applied to the aggregate economy. His personal interpretation of Say's Law is articulated with a numerical illustration and the Hawkins-Simon conditions to exemplify how the correct supply of the ingredients of capital is presented as a necessary condition for the full clearing of markets. Next, the possible causes of a shortage in effectual demand are discussed. The quantitative illustrations developed by Torrens are carefully reviewed to show how the monetary factors play a crucial role during the general glut, as well as the appropriate policy measures to stabilise the economy. The final comments reflect on the originality of Torrens's theoretical work.

In Quest of a Second Boom

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirzad Azad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
East Region ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Different Parts

In spite of her troubled presidency at home and premature, ignominious exit from power, Park Geun-hye made serious attempts to bolster the main direction of the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) foreign policy toward the Middle East. A collaborative drive for accomplishing a new momentous boom was by and large a dominant and recurring theme in the Park government’s overall approach to the region. Park enjoyed both personal motivation as well as politico-economic justifications to push for such arduous yet potentially viable objective. Although the ROK’s yearning for a second boom in the Middle East was not ultimately accomplished under the Park presidency, nonetheless, the very aspiration played a crucial role in either rekindling or initiating policy measures in South Korea’s orientation toward different parts of a greater Middle East region, extending from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to Morocco.

scholarly journals Social development and public debt sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Chara Vavoura ◽  
Ioannis Vavouras
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Of Greece

The issue of public debt sustainability is of exceptional importance in the case of Greece. As a rule, the relevant analysis is limited to the examination of the fiscal policy measures reported to contribute to reducing public debt leaving out the investigation of the factors that caused the country’s debt crisis. The objective of the present paper is to explore the determinants of Greece’s debt crisis and the strategy required to address it. Our work highlights the issue of social development, which is found to be a necessary condition for ensuring the long run sustainability of the country’s public debt.

Drivers of EV Charging Infrastructure Entrepreneurship in India

2022 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Mohd Yasir Arafat ◽  
Imran Saleem ◽  
Thoudam Prabha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Ev Charging

The existing research advocating entrepreneurship as an important way to increase the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in developing countries and EV charging business is also playing a crucial role in increasing the adoption of EVs. EV charging is important for EV adoption, and entrepreneurship is also important for EV adoption; therefore, it is important that we must understand what mobilizes or prevents EV charging entrepreneurship. This chapter aimed at explaining drivers of EV charging entrepreneurship. A survey of 121 potential entrepreneurs shows that personal attitude, self-confidence, and opportunity perceptions shape the decision to engage in EV charging entrepreneurship. Policy measures to boost EV charging entrepreneurship have been suggested.

scholarly journals Openness to interreligious dialogue – psychological antecedents and processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krok ◽  
Przemysław Król
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Two Factors

The aim of this article is to examine psychological antecedents and processes that play a crucial role in building and developing openness to interreligious dialogue. Two factors turn out to determine the ways in which interreligious dialogue is led: personality traits (agreeableness and openness to experience) and religious attitudes (intrinsic religiosity). They create an atmosphere of tolerance, which is especially important in dialogue as it promotes the religious freedom that is a necessary condition for interreligious dialogue. The effectiveness of interreligious dialogue depends on the presence of personal and group factors which all contribute to the final outcome, e.g. genuine autonomy of religious motivation, the ability to differentiate between essential and peripheral elements in religion, or authenticity of religious beliefs connected with commitment. They frequently interact with each other in influencing the final forms of interreligious dialogue.

Policy measures for electric vehicle adoption. A review of evidence from Norway and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Saiful Hasan ◽  
Terje Andreas Mathisen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Electric Vehicle Adoption

Purpose To mitigate energy and environmental challenges, several countries worldwide are considering different policies to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Consequently, the necessity of studies focusing on the important and effective EV policy measures are develop-ing as policymakers are seeking to prioritize the policy measures based on their usefulness to achieve mass EV adoption. This study reviews evidence from China and Norway to identify factors that could substantially accelerate demand for EVs. Method We emphasize the cases of Norway and China, as these countries have already initiat-ed incentive-strong policies to accelerate EV's acceptance in their market and have succeeded considerably in improving their EV market share during the early adoption phases. The find-ings and discussion of this study is principally based on the reviewed literature of related poli-cy measures and two cases of successful EV uptake policies, Findings The evidence points at the significance of EV policy measures such as purchase-based and use-based incentives, availability of publicly accessible charging infrastructures, availability of EVs in the local market and collective communication measures. As findings, we have developed a general framework of essential EV policy measures. The reviewed litera-ture and cases suggest that publicly accessible charging infrastructures and financial incentives play crucial role in uptake. Conclusion Our study suggests that to accelerate EV penetration in the market, it is required the policymakers to pay more attention to the policy measures included in our general frame-work. However, the magnitude of the influences and interplay between these policy measures may differ between regions and on the context. Hence, policymakers should reconsider and restructure the EV polices after a certain level of EV-uptake is realized in the market.

scholarly journals Discontent With What? Linking Self-Centered and Society-Centered Discontent to Populist Party Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172093211
Author(s):  
Heiko Giebler ◽  
Magdalena Hirsch ◽  
Benjamin Schürmann ◽  
Susanne Veit
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Party Support ◽  
Populist Party

Previous studies aimed at explaining populist support emphasize the crucial role of populist attitudes and ideology among the general population. With respect to the role of discontent and grievances as drivers of populist support—often at the heart of theoretical work on populism—however, empirical results are rather mixed. We argue that the apparent contradictions are partly due to insufficient conceptualization of discontent. We distinguish between societal-centered discontent, which is more based on a general, negative subjective assessment of society, and self-centered discontent that expresses a negative assessment of one’s personal situation. In line with our expectations, regression results for Germany confirm that society-centered discontent, but not self-centered discontent, is important for populist party support. Moreover, we find that society-centered discontent also moderates the relation between populist attitudes and populist support. We conclude that beyond ideologies, populism capitalizes on the cultivation of collective—but not individual—discontent.

Aristotelian and Kantian Virtues and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guðmundur Heiðar Frímannsson
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Moral Argument ◽  
Complex Skills ◽  
The World

Virtues are conditions for education, a part of education, and a result of it. Virtues are stable, desirable traits of persons. For a person to be virtuous, these traits of character must be regularly expressed in action. Choosing rationally to perform good actions is not sufficient for virtue; even though it may be a necessary condition for an action to be good, performing is necessary as well to exercise virtue. It is sometimes claimed that moral theory along utilitarian and deontological lines neglected or forgot the virtues in its theoretical work in the 20th century. This is true about much of 20th-century moral theory. Aristotelian moral theory has grown in influence since the early 1970s and it can be reasonably said that it is now just as influential as deontology and utilitarianism if not more so. Naturalism is a part of Aristotelian moral theory and has proved a much stronger base for moral action and moral argument than 20th-century moral theory was willing to accept with its fundamental distinction between facts and values. Values are just as fundamental to our understanding of the world as facts. Arguments in moral theory move easily from facts to values and values to facts. The relation between facts and values is more complicated than much of 20th-century moral theory allowed for. Immanuel Kant is often taken as an example of a philosopher who neglected the virtues. Yet Kant wrote a work, The Metaphysics of Morals, half of which was devoted to virtues. Education is a normative endeavor aiming at well-rounded individuals capable of fulfilling those functions that modern society requires from them, such as being a citizen, entering working life with valuable complex skills, or governing one’s own life. It is not possible to fulfill these functions without mastering the moral and intellectual virtues.

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

The Infancy of Solar-Type Stars and its Relevance for the Origin of Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Montmerle
Keyword(s):  
Main Sequence ◽  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Circumstellar Disks ◽  
T Tauri Stars ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractFor life to develop, planets are a necessary condition. Likewise, for planets to form, stars must be surrounded by circumstellar disks, at least some time during their pre-main sequence evolution. Much progress has been made recently in the study of young solar-like stars. In the optical domain, these stars are known as «T Tauri stars». A significant number show IR excess, and other phenomena indirectly suggesting the presence of circumstellar disks. The current wisdom is that there is an evolutionary sequence from protostars to T Tauri stars. This sequence is characterized by the initial presence of disks, with lifetimes ~ 1-10 Myr after the intial collapse of a dense envelope having given birth to a star. While they are present, about 30% of the disks have masses larger than the minimum solar nebula. Their disappearance may correspond to the growth of dust grains, followed by planetesimal and planet formation, but this is not yet demonstrated.

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

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