La modernizzazione delle cittŕ spagnole tra il tramonto della Restaurazione e la Guerra civile

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Mirás Araujo Jesús ◽  
María Cardesín Díaz José
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Demographic Patterns

- The article provides a general picture in which to frame the modernization that the Spanish cities underwent between the late nineteenth century and the Civil War, and its consequences on the form of the development of several second industrialization infrastructures. The objective is to present a succinct global synthesis on the first third of the twentieth century, a period in which a remarkable take-off of the Spanish urbanmetropolitan phenomenon took place, as a result of a socio-economic development that stimulated the building of several urban equipment. The paper aims at providing a framework to better understand some case studies, which have been applied to the analysis of the financing of municipal treasuries, the influence of trams on urban growth and morphology, the location of water supply companies and their impact, the construction of the telephone network, and the repercussions of the transformation in demographic patterns on the national urban system. In conclusion, the rhythm of implementation of new technologies did not involve any significant delay as to other European countries, which lets us question traditional interpretations of the alleged Spanish failure in terms of modernization during those.

The Southern Slope of Monsalvat: How Spanish Wagnerism Became Catalan

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Symphonic Culture ◽  
Similar Dynamic ◽  
The Way

This article examines the development of Wagnerism in late-nineteenth-century Spain, focusing on how it became an integral part of Catalan nationalism. The reception of Wagner's music and ideas in Spain was determined by the country's uneven economic development and the weakness of its musical and political institutions—the same weaknesses that were responsible for the rise of Catalan nationalism. Lack of a symphonic culture in Spain meant that audiences were not prepared to comprehend Wagner's complexity, but that same complexity made Wagner's ideas acceptable to Spanish reformers who saw in the composer an exemplar of the European ideas needed to fix Spanish problems. Thus, when Wagner's operas were first staged in Spain, the Teatro Real de Madrid stressed Wagner's continuity with operas of the past; however, critics and audiences engaged with the works as difficult forms of modern music. The rejection of Wagner in the Spanish capital cleared the way for his ideas to be adopted in Catalonia. A similar dynamic occurred as Spanish composers tried to meld Wagner into their attempts to build a nationalist school of opera composition. The failure of Tomás Bréton's Los amantes de Teruel and Garín cleared the way for Felip Pedrell's more successful theoretical fusion of Wagnerism and nationalism. While Pedrell's opera Els Pirineus was a failure, his explanation of how Wagner's ideals and nationalism could be fused in the treatise Por nuestra música cemented the link between Catalan culture and Wagnerism.

“Horn of Plenty”: The Globalization of Mediterranean Horticulture and the Economic Development of Southern Europe, 1880–1930

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Morilla Critz ◽  
Alan L. Olmstead ◽  
Paul W. Rhode
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Agricultural Economies

During the late nineteenth century, competition from cheap American grains undermined agricultural economies across Europe. This article investigates how similar forces of globalization in the production of Mediterranean fruits and nuts dampened economic prospects across southern Europe and in some cases contributed to outright economic and political crises.

Urbanization and Electric Power Crisis in Ghana

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brandful Cobbinah ◽  
Ellis Adjei Adams
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
History Of

Traditionally, urbanization is hailed as an important force for socio-economic development of countries. In fact, recent research on Africa suggests that urbanization has the potential to stimulate socio-economic development. Yet, many African countries experiencing rapid urban growth continue to bear a disproportionate amount of the costs associated with urbanization (e.g., increased urban poverty, and energy crisis among others). This is in sharp contradiction to the popular notion that urbanization is a stimulus for socio-economic development. Using Ghana as a case study, this chapter discusses the extent to which rapid urbanization influences power supply and the implications on socio-economic development. The chapter focuses on four issues: (1) the history of power and urbanization in Ghana; (2) the influence of urbanization on power crisis in Ghana; (3) the socio-economic implications of urbanization-induced power crisis; and (4) the policies available in addressing the power crisis. Recommendations to address the ever-growing demand for electrical power are proffered

Dazzling the Multitude Original Media Spectacles

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Marvin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Point To Point

Anthropologists and literary theorists are fond of emphasizing the particularistic and dramatic dimensions of lived communication. The particularistic dimension of communication is constituted in whatever of its aspects have the most individually intimate meaning for us. The dramatic dimension is the shared emotional character of a communicated message, displayed and sometimes exaggerated for consumption by a public. Its dramatic appeal and excitement depend partly on the knowledge that others are also watching with interest. Such dimensions have little in common with abstractions about information and efficiency that characterize contemporary discussion about new communications technologies, but may be closer to the real standards by which we judge media and the social worlds they invade, survey, and create. Media, of course, are devices that mediate experience by re-presenting messages originally in a different mode. In the late nineteenth century, experts convinced of the power of new technologies to repackage human experience and to multiply it for many presentations labored to enhance the largest, most dramatically public of messages, and the smallest, most intimately personal ones, by applying new media technologies to a range of modes from private conversation to public spectacle, that special large-scale display event intended for performance before spectators. In the late nineteenth century, intimate communication at a distance was achieved, or at least approximated, by the fledgling telephone. The telephone of this era was not a democratic medium. Spectacles, by contrast, were easily accessible and enthusiastically relished by their nineteenth-century audiences. Their drama was frequently embellished by illuminated effects that inspired popular fantasies about message systems of the future, perhaps with giant beams of electric light projecting words and images on the clouds. Mass distribution of electric messages in this fashion was indeed one pole of the range of imaginative possibilities dreamt by our ancestors for twentieth-century communication. Equally absorbing was the fantasy of effortless point-to-point communication without wires, where no physical obstacle divided the sympathy of minds desiring mutual communion.

The Technical Transformation of the Late Nineteenth-Century Gas Industry

1987 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Firm Model ◽  
The Cost

This article analyzes, with particular reference to Britain, the technological transformation in coal gas manufacture around 1900. The timing of the innovation seems to be explained by the nature of the technology itself, by Rosenberg's “technical complementarity.” The rate of diffusion is analyzed by means of an inter-firm model which points to the importance of technical interrelatedness and the need to scrap old plant and of wage costs, which encouraged some firms to hasten scrapping. Different countries chose between the range of new technologies available largely on the basis of compatibility with existing plant and the cost of raw materials.

Pilgrimage and the Dynamics of Urbanism Reconsidered: Faubourg Architecture in Romanesque Aquitaine

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 41-76
Author(s):  
Robert Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Since the late nineteenth century, scholars have considered pilgrimage a dynamic catalyst that influenced a range of cultural practices, not least architecture. The charismatic stewardship of such influential scholars as Arthur Kingsley Porter, Kenneth John Conant, Emile Mâle and Elie Lambert helped propel the study of ‘pilgrimage architecture’ to a leading field of study, and a handful of churches — notably St-Sernin in Toulouse, St-Martin in Tours, St-Martial in Limoges, Ste-Foy in Conques and the cathedral at Santiago de Compostela — achieved status as paradigmatic monuments. At the same time, the subject was also for a long while a source of heated debate fuelled by nationalist interests, occasionally lapsing even into ad hominem squabbles. The matter has in recent decades generated calmer discussion, including new perspectives introduced by studies of other complementary cultural phenomena. Urban and economic historians, in particular, have looked to the role of pilgrimage in relation to urban growth and the rise of commercial markets. This scholarship has contributed to re-evaluations among art historians and has shed greater light, for example, on the predatory fervour with which certain bishops, cathedral chapters and abbots enticed pilgrims to destinations like Chartres, Santiago de Compostela or Cluny, just as the infusion of interdisciplinary perspectives has helped architectural historians reassess so-called pilgrimage architecture. After all, not all churches of that type were on the pilgrimage roads, nor do all churches on those roads reflect the Toulousain-Compostelan model. The relative importance of the paradigmatic five churches has been called into question.

scholarly journals The Second Industrial Revolution and the Staples Frontier in Canada: Rethinking Knowledge And History

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

ABSTRACT In the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century the exploitation of Canada's softwood forests was transformed by the new technologies of the second Industrial Revolution. This can be understood in terms of Innis's staple thesis as the exploitation of natural resources on a margin for and using the technology of a more advanced Euro-American centre. The sociology of knowledge also provides a framework for analysis as old and new bodies of technical knowledge were possessed by and altered the relationships among different social groups. Changes were experienced both in the woods (pulpwood logging) and in the mills (pulp and paper making) in ways which were broadly similar but different in timing and other significant respects.

Directors/Directing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Switzky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Electric Light

Although some official has organized the acting and scenery in theatrical performances since ancient Greece, the director only emerged as a significant creative figure in the late nineteenth century. Directors introduced innovative acting methods, modernized staging through new technologies such as electric light and mechanized scenery, proposed theories about the function of the theater in social and political life, and provided unified interpretations of complex plays. As the self-designated authors of productions, directors often competed with playwrights and actors for artistic control, a tension that continues to characterize the division of labor in theaters.

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