scholarly journals An ecomorphic approach to assessing the biodiversity of soil macrofauna communities in urban parks

Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
O. M. Kunakh ◽  
N. V. Yorkina ◽  
V. S. Budakova ◽  
Y. O. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macrofauna Communities

An ecomorph reveals the relationship between organisms and the environment and reflects the level of their adaptation to the most important elements of the biogeocenosis. The eco-morphic approach to the analysis of ecological systems is a component of the concept of ecomorphic matrices. The ecomorphic matrices consist of blocks comprising the synecological properties of the soil animal community, each reflecting a particular aspect of its ecological features. The systemic combination of these characteristics is able to provide a comprehensive reflection of the diversity and functional state of the community. As a result of research on the territory of green areas in the city of Dnieper and Melitopol revealed 53 species or taxon species level representatives of soil macrofauna of the 48 genera and 32 families, 13 orders, 7 classes and 3 types. The article presents the biological and ecological characteristics of macrofauna species. Analysis of the ecomorphic structure of communities of soil macrofauna showed that in the cenomorphic structure prevail syl-vants, which represent 44.2% of the species richness of the community. Differences between com-munities Melitopol and Dnieper on cenomorphic structure statistically not reliable. Saprophages and predators prevail in trophic structure of soil macrofauna communities. Topomorphic structure of communities is dominated by epigeic forms (65.4%) and considerably exceeded by endogean forms (32.7%) Only one species represents burrowing soil animals – D. nassonovi. The community is dominated by mesophiles, which is typical for forest cenoses. Megatrophocenomorphs predomi-nate in the trophocenomorphic structure of the community. Aerophiles (48.1%) and subaerophiles (34.6%) predominate in the communities. The dominance of aeromorphs sensitive to the provision of air for breathing, indicates a satisfactory air regime in the soil green areas of public use. Carbon-atophiles are most represented in the community. Communities of soil macrofauna of public green spaces has features of amphicenosis, in which steppe and meadow components are significantly represented against the background of predominance of forest component. Tree plantations in a city park form a common forest environment, although they do not form a stable forest monocenosis. Recreation and other forms of anthropogenic influence do not allow the formation of a forest mono-cenosis or pseudomonocenosis. The trophic aspect of the structure deciphers the importance in the community of the cenotic components. The trophic structure of sylvants repeats the trophic structure of the community as a whole and this allows us to consider sylvants as the functional basis of the soil fauna community. Phytophages prevail among sylvanians, which fully corresponds to typical trophic structure of steppe zonal communities. This peculiarity taking into account proportional representation of zoophages and saprophages allows to estimate as functionally stable structure of the steppe community.

scholarly journals Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lee ◽  
Grace Burger ◽  
Emma R. Green ◽  
Pepijn W. Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
Nutritional Chemistry ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPlant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus supporting fewer species. We investigated resource availability as we ascended three aspects of Helvellyn mountain, UK, measuring several plant nutritive metrics, plant species richness and biomass. We observed a linear decline in plant species richness as we ascended the mountain but there was a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and elevation. Generally, the highest biomass values at mid-elevations were associated with the lowest nutritive values, except mineral contents which declined with elevation. Intra-specific and inter-specific increases in nutritive values nearer the top and bottom of the mountain indicated that physiological, phenological and compositional mechanisms may have played a role. The shape of the relationship between resource availability and elevation was different depending on the metric. Many consumers actively select or avoid plants based on their nutritive values and the abundances of consumer taxa vary in their relationships with elevation. Consideration of multiple nutritive metrics and of the nutritional requirements of the consumer may provide a greater understanding of changes to plant and animal communities at higher elevations. We propose a novel hypothesis for explaining elevational diversity gradients, which warrants further study; the ‘nutritional complexity hypothesis’, where consumer species coexist due to greater variation in the nutritional chemistry of plants.

scholarly journals Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Osmar Rodrigues Brito ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Thierry Becquer
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Groups

The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.

scholarly journals Relation between Psychological Restorativeness and Lifestyle, Quality of Life, Resilience, and Stress-Coping in Forest Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norimasa Takayama ◽  
Takeshi Morikawa ◽  
Ernest Bielinis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has mainly dealt with the physiological and psychological restorative effects of the forest environment. However, comparatively few studies have focused on how the traits and attributes of individuals (individual traits) affect the restorative effects of the forest environment. In this study, we examined the relationships between the psychological restorative effects offered by perceived restorativeness of outdoor settings and the individual traits. Then, we investigated the relationships between the restorative indicators that are useful in examining the restorative properties (i.e., the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS); seven indicators in total), the psychological restorative effect (Profile of Mood States (POMS), Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS); 10 indicators in total), and the individual trait indicators that could be used to investigate individual traits (Development of Health and Life Habit Inventory for lifestyle, Lazarus-type Stress Coping Inventory for stress coping, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment 26 for quality of life (QOL), and Sukemune-Hiew Resilience test for resilience; 28 indicators in total) in forest and urban settings. Respondents consisted of 46 male students in their twenties. A short-term experiment was conducted using the same method in both environmental settings. We then analyzed the intrinsic restorative properties and the restorative effects of the settings and referred to prior research to determine the restorative effects. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the restorative indicators and the individual trait indicators by correlation analysis and multiple regression (step-wise) analysis. These new findings were obtained: (1) the forest setting was a restorative environment with a higher restorative effect than the urban setting; (2) although the forest setting had a higher restorative effect than the urban setting, and the influence of individual traits was small; (3) in the forest setting, the relationship between the restorative indicators and individual traits indicators were arranged; (4) distancing (Stress coping), psychological health (QOL), and satisfaction with living environment (QOL) were likely important indicators that are related to the restorative effects in the forest setting.

Study on the relationship between animal community structure and cave environment factors in the Da and Xia caves of the Songtao manganese mine, Guizhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
温清 WEN Qing ◽  
杨卫诚 YANG Weicheng ◽  
陶红梅 TAO Hongmei ◽  
周旭林 ZHOU Xulin ◽  
余源婵 YU Yuanchan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Detection of Enzootic Babesiosis in Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and Phylogenetic Evidence Supporting Synonymy of the Genera Entopolypoides andBabesia

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda A. Bronsdon ◽  
Mary J. Homer ◽  
Jennifer M. H. Magera ◽  
Carol Harrison ◽  
Robert G. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antibody Tests

Blood smear evaluation of two baboons (Papio cynocephalus) experiencing acute hemolytic crises following experimental stem cell transplantation revealed numerous intraerythrocytic organisms typical of the genus Babesia. Both animals had received whole-blood transfusions from two baboon donors, one of which was subsequently found to display rare trophozoites of Entopolypoides macaci. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the prevalence of hematozoa in baboons held in our primate colony and to determine the relationship, if any, between the involved species. Analysis of thick and thin blood films from 65 healthy baboons (23 originating from our breeding facility, 26 originating from an out-of-state breeding facility, and 16 imported from Africa) for hematozoa revealed rare E. macaciparasites in 31%, with respective prevalences of 39, 35, and 12%. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene sequences amplified from peripheral blood of a baboon chronically infected withE. macaci demonstrated this parasite to be most closely related to Babesia microti (97.9% sequence similarity); sera from infected animals did not react in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with Babesia microti antigen, however, suggesting that they represent different species. These results support an emerging view that the genusEntopolypoides Mayer 1933 is synonymous with that of the genus Babesia Starcovici 1893 and that the morphological variation noted among intracellular forms is a function of alteration in host immune status. The presence of an underrecognized, but highly enzootic, Babesia sp. in baboons may result in substantial, unanticipated impact on research programs. The similarity of this parasite to the known human pathogen B. microti may also pose risks to humans undergoing xenotransplantation, mandating effective screening of donor animals.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KERAPATAN PENDUDUK DENGAN KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN BUAH PEKARANGAN DI KECAMATAN GODEAN, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA (Relationship between Population Density and Diversity of Yard Fruit Plants in Godean Sub-District, Sleman District, Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Fransisca Kiki Fajarwati ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽  
Hartono Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Productive Landscapes ◽  
Research Period

AbstrakTanaman buah sangat besar manfaatnya bagi manusia dan lingkungan hidup antara lain berperan untuk menjaga kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian, namun keberadaannya di pekarangan saat ini teracam karena meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan dari pekarangan menjadi lahan terbangun untuk tempat tinggal seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persebaran kerapatan penduduk, keanekaragaman tanaman buah, hubungan kerapatan penduduk dengan keanekaragaman tanaman buah, adaptasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan tanaman buah dan pekarangan dan menyusun usulan pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan di Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan memanfaatkan data sekunder dengan periode waktu penelitian selama sepuluh bulan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kerapatan penduduk di Kecamatan Godean semakin ke bagian timur (mendekati Kota Yogyakarta) memiliki angka semakin tinggi. Semakin rapat penduduk maka semakin rendah indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan, semakin tinggi indeks dominansi, semakin sedikit jumlah jenis tanaman buah yang ditemukan, dan semakin sedikit kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian. Lokasi dengan kerapatan penduduk semakin tinggi terjadi adaptasi pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan yang mendukung konsep lanskap produktif. Usulan pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan disusun dengan mempertahankan usaha pemerintah dan warga yang dirasa efektif, memperbaiki atau menghilangkan yang kurang efektif dan menyusun usulan baru dengan harapan agar tetap dapat menjaga lingkungan hidup dengan menjaga kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian berdasarkan permasalahan yang ditemukan di lapangan.AbstractFruit plants are very beneficial for human and environment, including their role is protecting green areas in residential areas, but their presence in the yard today is threatened because the increasing conversion of land functions from yard to building for shelter along with the increase in the number of people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of population density, the relationship between population density and diversity of fruit plants, community adaptation to conserve fruit plants and yard, and to give the recommendation for fruit plants and yard conservation in Godean Sub-District, Sleman District. The methods used are observation and utilizing secondary data with a research period of ten months. The study found that the population density in eastern part of Godean District (approaching the City of Yogyakarta) had higher numbers. The higher population density is, the lower diversity and evenness index, the higher the dominance index, the fewer the number of fruit plants found, and the less green areas in residential areas. Locations with higher population densities are adapted to conserve the fruit plants and yard. These findings support the concept of productive landscapes. Recommendation for fruit plants and yard conservation was compiled by maintaining goverment and citizen efforts that are felt to be effective, repairing or eliminating ones that are less effective and making new recommendation with the hope that it can protect the environment by protecting green areas in residential areas based on problems found in the field.

Soil macrofauna communities in Brazilian Amazonia.

2009 ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barros ◽  
J. Mathieu ◽  
S. Tapia-Coral ◽  
A. R. L. Nascimento ◽  
P. Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Macrofauna Communities

HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN KIMIA TANAH TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA PERKEBUNAN APEL SEMI ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nasirudin ◽  
Ambar Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the relationship of soil chemical content to soil macrofauna in semi-organic and non organic apple plantations in Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. Observation of soil chemical properties carried out in the BPTP East Java laboratory. The soil was taken systematically on both fields. Observation of soil macrofauna is carried out by direct observation. The study was conducted in March - May 2018. The parameters observed in this study were soil (H ') macrofauna, and soil (pH, C-Organic, and N). The chemical content of soil in the semi-organic apple plantation is (pH = 7.8 C-Organic = 1.54 and N = 0.16), while the chemical content of soil in the land of inorganic apple plantations is (pH = 7 C-Organic = 0 , 5 and N = 0.06). The results of research on soil macrofauna in Semi Organic apple plantations found 9 orders consisting of 10 families and amounting to 247 individuals. The role of soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 45 individuals, 4 family detrivor and 42 individuals, and 3 family predators and 160 individuals. The results of research on soil macrofauna in the field of Inorganic found 8 orders, consisting of 9 families and numbered 162 individuals. The role of the soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 25 individuals, 3 families and 18 individuals, and 3 families and 119 individuals. Diversity index value (H ') of soil macrofauna in semi-organic land is higher at 1.81, while in Inorganic land is 1.53.

Study of ecological features and productivity of Fragaria orientalis Losinsk. in the conditions of the Pre-Baikal Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Khudonogova ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Productivity

The article presents the results of studies of the ecological characteristics and productivity of raw materials Fragaria orientalis in the cenopopulations of the Pre-Baikal region, a correlation analysis was carried out to establish the nature of the relationship between the indicators of raw material productivity of the studied species.

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