scholarly journals PRICING IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Larka ◽  
Viktoriia Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
The Cost

The role of pricing in the system of economic management of business development is analyzed. The relationship between the pricing strategy of the company and the processes of cost management and the company's profitability is revealed. The purpose of the article is to compare cost, market and parametric methods of pricing and determine the feasibility of their use in economic management of business development. The relevance of a unified systematization of pricing methods in the system of economic management of business development is shown, which will allow enterprises to set prices for products to maximize their profits. A comparative analysis of cost, market and parametric pricing methods is given and the expediency of their application in the economic management of business development is determined. It has been determined that market-based pricing methods allow a company to set a more efficient level of prices for products due to a more complete consideration of the influence of demand and competition factors in the pricing process. Necessary data for determining the price of products according to the cost method of pricing are variable costs of production per unit of goods, average fixed costs, unit profit. To determine the price of products by the market method, data on the level of demand, competition, market conditions, consumer perception of the value of the product are needed. To apply the parametric method of pricing requires data on the design and technical parameters of products, the level of costs for the production of goods. The application of cost pricing methods does not take into account the state of competition, market conditions, consumer preferences. The disadvantage of using market-based pricing methods is the possible difficulties in gathering information. Parametric pricing methods have limited application because they require complex calculations. The application of modern methodological approaches to pricing in the system of economic management of business development allows to achieve the strategic goals of the company by mobilizing human, financial, marketing and production resources of the company.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHA RUMAHAN PEMBUAT ROTI MANIS ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS MEMASAK CHEF DEPOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Wulandari ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Business Management ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Food

                                                             AbstrakKomunitas memasak Chef Depok adalah kelompok  wanita yang ingin meningkatkan kemampuan dan wawasan dalam bidang kuliner, dan ingin mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan dengan membuat berbagai masakan terutama roti manis. Kelompok ini masih memiliki masalah. Mitra belum bisa menentukan harga pokok produk dengan benar, belum mempunyai pembukuan, dan kondisi produk yang tidak konsisten. Pengembangan usaha rumahan pembuat roti manis anggota komunitas memasak Chef Depok telah dilakukan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah: 1) Perbaikan dan pendampingan manajemen usaha; dan 2) Standarisasi proses pembuatan roti manis sehingga produk yang dihasilkan konsisten dan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Tim abdimas bertindak sebagai fasilitator dan telah melakukan pendampingan untuk menentukan harga pokok produk dan pembukuan sederhana.   Selain itu mitra telah mengetahui cara produksi pangan yang baik, standarisasi resep, dan penerapan higiene dan sanitasi yang baik sehingga dihasilkan produk roti manis yang konsisten. Pengetahuan dan kemampuan mitra terhadap materi yang diberikan meningkat rata-rata sebesar 57.75%.  Kata kunci—Komunitas Chef Depok, roti manis, harga pokok produk, pembukuan sederhana, cara produksi yang baik, higienis  Abstract        The Depok Chef cooking community is a group of women who want to improve ability and insight in the culinary field, and want to earn income additions by making various dishes, especially sweet bread. This group is still have a problem. Partners have not been able to determine the cost of goods properly, not yet have accounting, and inconsistent product conditions. Business development home made sweet bread maker member of the Chef Depok cooking community. Aim these activities are: 1) Improvement and mentoring of business management; and 2) Standardization the process of making sweet bread so that the resulting product is consistent and in accordance with which are desired. The abdimas team acts as a facilitator and has provided assistance to determine the cost of goods and simple bookkeeping. In addition partners have know how to produce good food, standardize recipes, and apply hygiene and good sanitation to produce consistent sweet bread products. Knowledge and the partner's ability to deliver the material increased by an average of 57.75%. Keywords— Chef Depok Cooking’s Community ; Sweet Bread ; Cost of Good Properly ; Simple Bookkeeping ; Produce Good food  ; Hygienis  

THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SURVEYED HYDRAULIC UNITS IN THE MOSCOW REGION AND THE CLASSIFICATION FEATURES OF THEIR RESERVOIRS

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
V. V. GRITSAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Hydraulic Unit ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the results of surveys of 311 class IV hydraulic structures carried out in 2016-2020 in the Moscow region. All the reservoirs of the surveyed hydraulic units were classified according to their characteristic features, the technical condition of culverts and dams was assessed, there was established the safety level of both separate structures and hydraulic units as a whole. During the surveys, the technical parameters of the surveyed structures were established, the state of each structure and the hydraulic unit as a whole was assessed, a possibility of their accident and a risk level for the downstream areas were considered. At the same time, recommendations were developed for the elimination of serious damage and, with the help of an examination, the amount of the cost of the necessary repair work was determined. The paper also assesses the issues of the ecological state of the areas where the hydraulic units are located and the hydraulic units themselves as blocks of the ecological framework of the territories.

scholarly journals Financial sustainability of home care in the health system of the Republic of Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Konstantinovic ◽  
Vesna Lazarevic ◽  
Valentina Milovanovic ◽  
Mirjana Lapcevic ◽  
Vladan Konstantinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Home Healthcare ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Home Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Centre ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Therapy Team

Introduction. Over the last several years, during the economic crisis, the Ministry of Health and the Republican Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) have been faced with new challenges in the sphere of healthcare services financing both in the primary as well as other types of health insurance in the Republic of Serbia (RS). Objective. Analysis of cost?effectiveness of two models of organization of home treatment and healthcare in the primary insurance, with evaluation of the cost sustainability of a single visit by the in?home therapy team. Methods. Economic evaluation of the cost of home treatment and healthcare provision in 2011 was performed. In statistical analysis, the methods of descriptive statistics were employed. The structure of fixed costs of home healthcare was developed according to the RS official norms, as well as fixed costs of providing services of home therapy by the Healthcare Centre "New Belgrade". The statement of account for provided home therapy services was made utilizing the RHIF price list. Results. The results showed that the cost of home healthcare and therapy of the heterogeneous population of patients in the Healthcare Centre "New Belgrade" was more cost?effective in relation to the cost of providing home therapy services according to the RS official norms. Conclusion. Approved costs utilized when making a contract for services of home therapy and healthcare with the RHIF are not financially sustainable. It was shown that the price of 10 EUR for each home visit by the in?home therapy team enables sustainability of this form of providing healthcare services in RS.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of Hospitals in the Environment of the Czech and Slovak Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2109-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Sendek ◽  
Zuzana Svitálková ◽  
Katarína Angelovičová
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Decision Making Units

The paper applies the Data Envelopment Analysis as a deterministic non-parametric method based on the linear programming, to measure the efficiency of Czech and Slovak hospitals based on input and output performance. Managing physician or hospital practice patterns is an important tool to reduce health care costs. State-run hospitals, as decision-making units working in an operating healthcare system, might have some excess resources in the process of providing care. Ehealth tools are expected to contribute to the cost containment in them, enhancing finally the quality of patient care in the overall assessment.

scholarly journals Creativity Management way to Enhance Competitiveness in Business Organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-510
Author(s):  
Farman Jarad Mjazab
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Pressure Variable ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Cost

The organization business activities and functions in an environment characterized by change . accelerated unitcompetition calculation of new variables contently that would require you to find sources willing to support the directions of the administration , in achieving the strategic goals the organization . the creative management one of the elements of alts and column roller bearings which contributes to meet the changing needs of customers as well as strengthening the profitability of the organization and improve its position among competitors. I,ve become the need of the organization innovation is an important lite system seeking to maintain its viability in a competitive environment the intensified competition between brooucts whenever doubled the presser on the administration to adopt creativity in their work. Targeting research to diagnose the dimension of each of the creativity administrative in the finger of his fluency, flexibility, and risk, competitive product and in profitability and market value , and The cost of manufacture , in the field the respondent's as well as identify and measure the role that the practice of creative management in enhancing the competitive position of organization respondents , adoption of the study the descriptive analytical approach in data collection and analysis , were used to from the questionnaire administration to collect in the field aspect , data have undergone many males statistical to achieve the goals of the research , and come to many conclusions including that addressing environmental challenges quires the adoption administration approach to creative and funky to deal with the pressure variable , since we believe that creativity safety and this is exactly that he lost face the requirements of the environmental chang.

scholarly journals Financial stability management as a determinant of competitive development of agrarian formations

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nadiia HRYSHCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Qualitative Characteristic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Cost

The article investigates financial stability as a qualitative characteristic of functioning of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions, the analysis of indicators of financial stability of the enterprise and determination of its type, as well as the effectiveness of forecasting the financial stability of agricultural enterprises. A number of measures is proposed, which is to reduce the cost of production (cost-saving strategy), which will allow agribusinesses to increase competitiveness in the market due to the introduction of new technology, technologies, more rational the use of both material and labor resources, reducing the proportion of fixed costs in the cost of production, in proportion to the increase in profits and competitive development of agricultural enterprises. The basic condition for ensuring the financial stability of the company is the formation of sufficient amounts of funds that enable them to fully fulfill their obligations to the budget, pay employees, creditors, suppliers.

scholarly journals Features of Development and Implementation of Competitive Advantages of Establishments of Restaurant Economy in Modern Market Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Valentyna V. Postova
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Economic Criteria

The relevance of the study of the development of competitive advantages is related to the need to ensure the competitiveness of restaurants, given the current market conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the ways of developing a strategy to ensure and implement the competitive advantages of restaurants. Theoretical and methodological framework of the study included general scientific methods (methods of scientific generalisation and comparison), specific methods (methods of analysis and synthesis). The study defines that indirect criteria are used to assess competitiveness, which can be divided into two main groups: consumer and economic criteria. It is analysed that for different categories of consumers and groups of goods competitiveness is provided by different types of prices: purchasing, selling, and consumer. The sources of development of competitive advantages are determined. The study also provides the competitive advantages of restaurant establishments, which have different forms of manifestation. The diagnostics of the competitive environment is carried out, which requires not only the analysis of the state of various methods of competition, but also the study of the image of the product, as well as the image of the enterprise. The main factors of competitive advantage of restaurants were considered. The study analysed the factors of competitive advantage of the organisation, which are divided into external and internal. It is determined that the factors of consumer preferences are divided into four groups: psychological, informational, sales, and economic. It is established that each group has certain measures, the consistent implementation of which, in the end, leads either to the development or maintenance of consumer preferences

Do health benefits explain the price premiums for organic foods?

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kuchler ◽  
Katherine Ralston ◽  
J. Robert Tomerlin
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Adverse Health Outcome ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Value Of Health

AbstractThis paper examines whether the dollar value of health benefits that consumers derive from organic food could account for the price premiums they pay. Price and sales data from realized transactions are inadequate to reveal consumer preferences for health benefits. Our exploratory alternative method estimates the value of health benefits to a hypothetical consumer who assesses risks as risk assessors do and values a unit reduction in all fatal risks equally, regardless of the source of any risk. Under these assumptions, our estimates of the value of health benefits derived from substituting an organic diet for a conventionally produced diet approach zero. For a common organic product, apple juice, we estimated the cost of reducing risks by buying the organic characteristic. The cost of averting each adverse health outcome is 27 to 461 times as large as the value of benefits. If the characteristics of our hypothetical consumer match those of the typical consumer, two inferences follow from our estimates of benefits and costs. First, the typical consumer is unlikely to purchase organic food for health reasons. Second, consumers who choose organic food could differ from typical consumers in several dimensions: perceptions of the level of risk from dietary intake of pesticides, perceptions of the nature of adverse health outcomes from pesticides, or in the importance attached to other attributes of organic food. Our analysis is exploratory partially because there are several behavioral assumptions implicit in the values we calculate. Also, we focus on risks that can be quantitatively estimated, measuring the probability of an adverse health outcome with readily accessible data. Currently, only cancer risks can be measured in terms of probabilities from readily accessible data.

ABOUT THE RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF THE PROJECTS OF THE «EURASIA» AND «VOLGO-DON 2» CANALS CCORDING TO THE MAIN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
I. M. GALIMOV ◽  
◽  
S. N. LEVACHEV ◽  
E. A. AGAFONOVA ◽  
D. D. ALEXANDROVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The purpose of this article is to compare major infrastructure projects of the water transport connection between the Caspian Sea and the Azov-Black Sea basin –the «Eurasia» canal and the «Volgo-Don 2» canal on the following parameters of comparison: the height of the watershed, the length of the canals, water supply of canals, the conditions and intensity of navigation. The need to build a new shipping canal is due to the projected increase in the volume of cargo transportation from the Caspian Sea that will cause difficulties in the existing Volgo-Don canal. The authors of the study have analyzed and summarized the research materials containing information about the design decisions on the «Eurasia» canals and the second branch of the Volgo-Don shipping canal. Realization of the project canal «Eurasia» will significantly decrease the delivery time of cargoes, including oil from the Caspian Sea and Central Asian countries to the Black and Azov sea; cut the cost of transportation between these regions in comparison with transportation by «VDSC2» (by reducing the length of the waterway); increase in the strategic plan the reliability and safety of water transport links of the two seas basins on parallel directions; create conditions for socio-economic and industrial development of the canal region s. adjacent to the track. In the case of «VDSC-2», the following prospects for construction are highlighted: to ensure the passage of the additional cargo flow expected in connection with the growth of industrial production in Russia in recent years and the corresponding increase in the traffic of industrial and agricultural goods by water transport; to strengthen Russia’s political and economic infl uence on the countries of the southeast region and the European community; to intensify the development of the domestic shipbuilding to create a specialized fl eet for effi cient operation in the conditions of international transportation on internal and external waterways; to increase capacity and, consequently, the economic efficiency of the operation of international transport corridors «North-South» and «East-West».

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