scholarly journals Influence of preferences in intervention research: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Souraya Sidani
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Preference Trial

Introduction: Accounting for treatment preferences is beneficial in practice, it increases adherence to treatment and improves health outcomes. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the most robust in generating valid evidence on effectiveness, yet it ignores participants’ preferences for treatment. This scoping review addressed three questions: 1) How are treatment preferences conceptualized in intervention research? 2) To what extent do treatment preferences affect participants’ enrollment in trials, withdrawal from the study, adherence to treatment, and outcomes? And 3) What designs are used to account for treatment preferences in intervention evaluation research? Methods: The first five steps of the scoping review methodology framework were applied: 1) identifying the research questions; 2) searching the literature; 3) selecting articles; 4) charting data; and 5) summarizing findings. Results: Treatment preferences refer to choice treatment; they are shaped by participants’ beliefs and appraisal of the interventions. Evidence from reviews and primary studies indicated that offering participants the opportunity to choose and receive the preferred treatment enhances enrollment and reduces withdrawal in trials; however, the evidence regarding the influence of treatment preferences on adherence to treatment and improvement in outcomes is inconclusive. Designs that account for treatment preferences include: RCT, RCT with a comprehensive cohort, partially randomized preference trial, and two-stage partially randomized trial. Conclusion: The pattern of results may be attributed to the methods for assessing treatment preferences. A systematic method for assessing preferences is recommended.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Personalized Mobile Phone App in Improving Adherence to Oral Hygiene Advice in Orthodontic Patients: Protocol for a Feasibility Study and a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/18021 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e18021
Author(s):  
Mohammad Owaise Sharif ◽  
Jonathon Timothy Newton ◽  
Susan J Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Orthodontic treatment is a common health care intervention; treatment duration can be lengthy (2-3 years on average), and adherence to treatment advice is therefore essential for successful outcomes. It has been reported that up to 43% of patients fail to complete treatment, and there are currently no useful predictors of noncompletion. Given that the National Health Service England annual expenditure on primary-care orthodontic treatment is in excess of £200 million (US $267 million), noncompletion of treatment represents a significant inefficient use of public resources. Improving adherence to treatment is therefore essential. This necessitates behavior change, and interventions that improve adherence and are designed to elicit behavioral change must address an individual’s capability, opportunity, and motivation. Mobile phones are potentially an invaluable tool in this regard, as they are readily available and can be used in a number of ways to address an individual’s capability, opportunity, and motivation. Objective This study will assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a personalized mobile phone app in improving adherence to orthodontic treatment advice by way of a randomized controlled trial. Methods This study will be conducted in 2 phases at the Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust. Phase 1 is feasibility testing of the My Braces app. Participants will be asked to complete the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The app will be amended following analysis of the responses, if appropriate. Phase 2 is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and acceptability of the My Braces app. Results This study was approved by the London – Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee on November 5, 2019 (reference 19/LO/1555). No patients have been recruited to date. The anticipated start date for recruitment to phase 1 is October 2020. Conclusions Given the availability, affordability, and versatility of mobile phones, it is proposed that they will aid in improving adherence to treatment advice and hence improve treatment completion rates. If effective, the applicability of this methodology to developing behavior change/modification interventions and improving adherence to treatment across health care provides an exciting opportunity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04184739; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04184739 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18021

Improving Recruitment, Retention, and Cultural Saliency of Health Promotion Efforts Targeting African American Men: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo M Wippold ◽  
Sarah Grace Frary ◽  
Demetrius A Abshire ◽  
Dawn K Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
African American ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Test

Abstract Background When health promotion efforts intend to include African American men, they experience challenges with recruitment and retention, in addition to limited cultural saliency—interventions that do not align the cultural preferences and experiences of the target population produce less effective results. Purpose This scoping review provides an understanding of (a) how health promotion efforts among African American men are developed and implemented, in addition to the (b) main outcomes, (c) retention rates, and (d) methodological rigor of those efforts. Methods The following databases were used: PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest. Included studies were restricted to those: (a) conducted among African American men and (b) reported the effects of a health promotion intervention. Interventions using single-group pre–post study, post-test-only study, non-randomized controlled trial, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designs were included. Results The results indicate that varying degrees of customization in the design and implementation of health promotion efforts targeting African American can improve recruitment, retention, and health-related outcomes. Results draw attention to the need for community input when designing and implementing efforts targeting these men. Conclusions These results indicate that opportunities exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men, such as the intentional incorporation of the community’s values, perspectives, and preferences in the effort (i.e., cultural saliency) and explicitly indicating how the efforts were culturally tailored to improve saliency. Opportunities also exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men based on literature-derived best practices.

scholarly journals Augmenting an online self-directed intervention for gambling disorder with a single motivational interview: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad W. Brazeau ◽  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
John A. Cunningham ◽  
Kylie Bennett ◽  
Anthony Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Motivational Interview ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Online Program ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Despite the success of gold standard cognitive-behavioral therapy for problem and disordered gambling, the majority of individuals with gambling problems do not seek or receive professional treatment. Thus, the development of less intrusive self-directed interventions has been encouraged. Bibliotherapy for problem gambling has shown promise, both alone and in combination with motivational interviews, but there is still a lack of online self-directed intervention research. The current randomized controlled trial proposes to assess the additive benefit of a single digital motivational interview delivered in conjunction with an online self-directed treatment program for problem gambling and gambling disorder. Methods A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted, wherein eligible participants (N=270) will be recruited across Canada via internet advertisements posted to several platforms. All participants will receive access to an online self-directed gambling intervention program. Participants will be randomly assigned to either complete the online program alone or receive a digital motivational interview, conducted through an online audioconferencing platform (i.e., Microsoft Teams) to supplement the online program. The primary outcomes of gambling severity, frequency, and expenditures will be tracked along with secondary outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, general distress, alcohol use, and online program user data) over a 24-month period. It is expected that participants in both groups will experience a reduction in symptoms across the board, but more substantial improvements will be observed in the group that receives a supplemental motivational interview. Discussion The results of this trial will expand upon prior gambling intervention research by informing best practices for the provision of online self-help for problem gambling. Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN13009468. Registered on 7 July 2020.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Video Media on Pork Consumption

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faunalytics
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Flat Screen ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pork Consumption ◽  
Screen Condition

Faunalytics, with support from Statistics Without Borders, conducted a longitudinal research project examining the effectiveness of Animal Equality’s 360-degree and 2D video outreach. The main research questions for this study were:1. Which of two video media (360-degree virtual reality or a 2D experience) results in greater change in self-reported pork consumption and, secondarily, attitudes toward pork and pigs? 2. Do these video media result in greater change in self-reported diet and, secondarily, attitudes toward pork and pigs than a control condition? The study employed an experimental (i.e., randomized controlled trial) design with three conditions: a 360-degree virtual reality condition, a 2D flat-screen condition, and an inactive (i.e., no treatment) control condition.

scholarly journals What works for whom in which circumstances? On the need to move beyond the ‘what works?’ question in organizational intervention research

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Nielsen ◽  
Mariella Miraglia
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Organizational Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Organizational Interventions ◽  
What Works ◽  
Health And Well Being

A debate has arisen out of the need to understand true intervention outcomes in the social sciences. Traditionally, the randomized, controlled trial that answers the question of ‘what works’ has been considered the gold standard. Although randomized, controlled trials have been favoured in organizational intervention research, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the influence of context and intervention processes on the outcomes of such interventions. In the present critical essay, we question the suitability of trials and meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational interventions and we suggest that realist evaluation that seeks to answer the questions of what works for whom in which circumstances may present a more suitable framework. We argue that examining the content and process mechanisms through which organizational interventions are effective, and the conditions under which these are triggered, will enable us to better understand how interventions achieve the desired outcomes of improved employee health and well-being. We suggest that organizational intervention content and process mechanisms may help bring about the desired outcomes of improved employee health and well-being and that contextual factors determine whether these mechanisms are triggered.

A randomized, controlled trial of the safety planning intervention: Research design and methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 106291
Author(s):  
Edwin D. Boudreaux ◽  
Barbara Stanley ◽  
Kelly L. Green ◽  
Hanga Galfalvy ◽  
Gregory K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Planning Intervention
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