scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption Of New Constuction Residential Buildings In Ontario: The Development Of Prescriptive Compliance Packages 20% Below Ontario Building Code Requirements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Home Construction ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Design Factors

To address energy concerns in new home construction in Ontario, advanced compliance packages have been developed that meet an energy reduction of 20% compared to SB-12 standards. The prescriptions are based on measures identified by homebuilders in the Savings by Design program. Energy simulations using HOT2000 have been conducted to establish the optimum combination of measures that will enable builders to meet the target, for 3 different house archetypes. Additional analysis was conducted to determine the effect of building orientation; climate; thermal bridging; air conditioning; and the SHGC of windows. A total of 9 advanced packages were developed. The findings from this study indicate that builders are more comfortable upgrading the systems components of a house as opposed to the building envelope components; different archetypes can reach the reduction target using different measures; and the other design factors must be considered in order to ensure the reduction target is achieved.

scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption Of New Constuction Residential Buildings In Ontario: The Development Of Prescriptive Compliance Packages 20% Below Ontario Building Code Requirements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Home Construction ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Design Factors

To address energy concerns in new home construction in Ontario, advanced compliance packages have been developed that meet an energy reduction of 20% compared to SB-12 standards. The prescriptions are based on measures identified by homebuilders in the Savings by Design program. Energy simulations using HOT2000 have been conducted to establish the optimum combination of measures that will enable builders to meet the target, for 3 different house archetypes. Additional analysis was conducted to determine the effect of building orientation; climate; thermal bridging; air conditioning; and the SHGC of windows. A total of 9 advanced packages were developed. The findings from this study indicate that builders are more comfortable upgrading the systems components of a house as opposed to the building envelope components; different archetypes can reach the reduction target using different measures; and the other design factors must be considered in order to ensure the reduction target is achieved.

scholarly journals Building Envelope Thermal Defects in Existing and Under-Construction Housing in the UAE; Infrared Thermography Diagnosis and Qualitative Impacts Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul ◽  
Rahma Hagi ◽  
Rahma Abdelghani ◽  
Monaya Syam ◽  
Boshra Akhozheya
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Construction Defects

The built environment accounts for the highest share of energy use and carbon emissions, particularly in emerging economies, caused by population growth and fast urbanization. This phenomenon is further exacerbated under extreme climatic conditions such as those of the United Arab Emirates, the context of this study, where the highest energy share is consumed in buildings, mostly used in the residential sector for cooling purposes. Despite efforts to curb energy consumption through building energy efficiency measures in new construction, substantial existing building stock and construction quality are left out. Construction defects, particularly in the building envelope, are recognized to affect its thermal integrity. This paper aims, first, to detect through thermography field investigation audit construction defects bearing thermal impacts in existing and under-construction residential buildings. Then, through a qualitative analysis, we identify the resulting energy, cost, and health impacts of the identified defects. Results indicate that lack or discontinuity of insulation, thermal bridging through building elements, blockwork defects, and design change discrepancies are the recurrent building and construction defects. The qualitative review analysis indicates substantial energy loss due to lack of insulation, thermal bridging with cost and health implications, while beneficial mitigation measures include consideration of building envelope retrofitting, skilled workmanship, and the call for quality management procedures during construction.

scholarly journals TESTING THE NEW 3D BAG DATASET FOR ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
C. León-Sánchez ◽  
D. Giannelli ◽  
G. Agugiaro ◽  
J. Stoter
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Energy Simulations

Abstract. The 3D BAG v. 2.0 dataset has been recently released: it is a country-wide dataset containing all buildings in the Netherlands, modelled in multiple LoDs (LoD1.2, LoD1.3 and LoD2.2). In particular, the LoD2.2 allows differentiating between different thematic surfaces composing the building envelope. This paper describes the first steps to test and use the 3D BAG 2.0 to perform energy simulations and characterise the energy performance of the building stock. Two well-known energy simulation software packages have been tested: SimStadt and CitySim Pro. Particular care has been paid to generate a suitable, valid CityGML test dataset, located in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the central-eastern part of the Netherlands, that has been then used to test the energy simulation tools. Results from the simulation tools have been then stored into the 3D City Database, additionally extended to deal with the CityGML Energy ADE. The whole workflow has been checked in order to guarantee a lossless dataflow.The paper reports on the proposed workflow, the issues encountered, some solutions implemented, and what the next steps will be.

scholarly journals Application of hourly dynamic method for nZEB buildings in Italian context: analysis and comparisons in national calculation procedure framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Domenico Palladino ◽  
Domenico Iatauro ◽  
Paolo Signoretti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Italian Context

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD 2018/844/EU) requires to Member States to upgrade the methodology for the energy performance assessment of buildings. The current calculation method, based on the monthly quasi steady state calculation procedure, could be replaced in the next years by an hourly dynamic calculation procedure (EN ISO 52016), in which a resistance-capacity (RC) model is implemented to consider with more accuracy the heat exchange through the building envelope. In this framework, the present work aims at analysing and comparing the energy needs of three reference case studies of nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB), applying both calculation procedures in order to investigate the main difference of the two approaches. Two residential buildings and one office, compliant with Italian minimum requirements for nZEB, were defined, and several energy simulations were carried out for all different climatic zones of Italian territory. Preliminary results highlighted significant differences of energy need mainly due to different weight of heat loss and heat gains obtained with the two considered calculation methods. This paper represents a preliminary study, but further analysis are recommended in order to evaluate the overall energy use for different type and different operation profile of buildings.

Energy-Saving Design of Rural Residential Building in Cold Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2740-2743
Author(s):  
Xue Ping Li ◽  
Zeng Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Region

There are serious energy-saving problems in cold region of rural residential buildings. On one hand, it needs the higher levels energy because of the particular climatic conditions, on the other hand, people in cold regions lack of energy-saving consciousness and technology. Through analyzing the rural residential building status and existing energy-saving problems in cold region of China, the author discussed and summarized the energy-saving design methods of rural residential building in cold region from three aspects, including the energy-saving of residential building size design, the energy-saving of building envelope structure design, and use of renewable energy. The research provides a reference for promoting socialism new rural reconstruction in China.

scholarly journals Environmental Management Influence for Shade Trees on the temperature Reduction of yhe building.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Thanawuth Khunthong ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Landscape Model ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
Main Factor

Thailand is located in a humid  tropical climate and near  the equator. Thus  the average air temperature is high throughout the  year.  Environmental factors   factors   such  as  the  sun,  wind  and  humidity affects   residential buildings especially, heat  from  the sun  is a main  factor,  which  leads  a problems of heat  inside  the  buildings (Prawewan Amornpong, 2001).  Therefore, Installling air conditioning inside  the buildings is the solution for this  problem. However, from  the  study  on  the  properties of  plants  it was  found  that  plants  are  effective in blocking  the   sun's   rays   as  well   as  effectively  maintaining  the   air   temperature  in  the   area   (Soontorn Boonyathikarn, 1999).  So, planting trees  to prevent the sunlight, as shade  to reduce  sun heat  in the buildings should   be  an  approach, which   could   be  adopted to  decrease the  use  of  air  conditioning and  also  energy consumption in buildings (Trungjai Buranasompob, 2000).  This  research aims  (1) to study  and  create  design guidelines on landscape models which  conforms to the environment of sunlight and wind  in the central region of Thailand and (2) to propose the guidelines on architectural landscape designs and plants’  setting  around the buildings in 8 directions; North  (N),  Northeast (NE),  East  (E),  Southeast (SE),  South  (S),  Southwe st (SW), West  (W)  and Northwest (NW).  The results   found  that the landscape model  included the setting  on plants  as shade  at all sides  of the building envelope during  08.00-17.00 PM  of the day  throughout the year.  These  can reduce  the  air  temperature of the  building envelope as well  as the  average temperature inside  the  buildings, this showed a decrease in temperature by as much  as 3.95°C or 13.478% compared with  the average exterior air temperature of the buildings throughout the year.    

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR AIR CONDITIONING BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WITH TWO DIFFERENT SUBFLOORING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Albayyaa ◽  
D. Hagare ◽  
S. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Modern House

Energy consumed by heating, ventilation and air conditioning account for about 40% of the total energy used in an average Australian home. The main feature that categorizes the construction systems is the thermal mass as it contributes directly to the thermal performance of the entire house. High thermal mass flooring and walls are most appropriate in climate with high diurnal (day-night) temperature ranges. High thermal mass construction system has higher embodied energy but this can offset by reducing heating and cooling energy consumption over the life span of the house. The optimum design, in terms of desirable heat gain or loss, can be achieved by considering the building orientation, thermal mass and careful design of the building envelope including roof, walls, windows and floor systems. To demonstrate relative advantage in terms of energy conservation between houses with different construction systems and thermal mass, two model houses which are detached dwelling with a floor area of 200 sqm and with two levels and four bedrooms were selected in this study. One of the model houses represented modern house with brick veneer walls and concrete slab-on-ground flooring (high thermal mass Model). The second model house represented old house with fibro walls and raised subfloor (low thermal mass Model). The analysis has been carried out using computer software (IDA ICE). The energy performance of the buildings were computed and compared. The results show that the modern house consumed 53% less energy compared to old house and hence the former is significantly cost effective over the long run.

scholarly journals Application Method of a Simplified Heat and Moisture Transfer Model of Building Construction in Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Joowook Kim ◽  
Michael Brandemuehl
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Heat And Moisture Transfer ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Several building energy simulation programs have been developed to evaluate the indoor conditions and energy performance of buildings. As a fundamental component of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning loads, each building energy modeling tool calculates the heat and moisture exchange among the outdoor environment, building envelope, and indoor environments. This paper presents a simplified heat and moisture transfer model of the building envelope, and case studies for building performance obtained by different heat and moisture transfer models are conducted to investigate the contribution of the proposed steady-state moisture flux (SSMF) method. For the analysis, three representative humid locations in the United States are considered: Miami, Atlanta, and Chicago. The results show that the SSMF model effectively complements the latent heat transfer calculation in conduction transfer function (CTF) and effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) models during the cooling season. In addition, it is found that the ceiling part of a building largely constitutes the latent heat generated by the SSMF model.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

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