scholarly journals Building Envelope Thermal Defects in Existing and Under-Construction Housing in the UAE; Infrared Thermography Diagnosis and Qualitative Impacts Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul ◽  
Rahma Hagi ◽  
Rahma Abdelghani ◽  
Monaya Syam ◽  
Boshra Akhozheya
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Construction Defects

The built environment accounts for the highest share of energy use and carbon emissions, particularly in emerging economies, caused by population growth and fast urbanization. This phenomenon is further exacerbated under extreme climatic conditions such as those of the United Arab Emirates, the context of this study, where the highest energy share is consumed in buildings, mostly used in the residential sector for cooling purposes. Despite efforts to curb energy consumption through building energy efficiency measures in new construction, substantial existing building stock and construction quality are left out. Construction defects, particularly in the building envelope, are recognized to affect its thermal integrity. This paper aims, first, to detect through thermography field investigation audit construction defects bearing thermal impacts in existing and under-construction residential buildings. Then, through a qualitative analysis, we identify the resulting energy, cost, and health impacts of the identified defects. Results indicate that lack or discontinuity of insulation, thermal bridging through building elements, blockwork defects, and design change discrepancies are the recurrent building and construction defects. The qualitative review analysis indicates substantial energy loss due to lack of insulation, thermal bridging with cost and health implications, while beneficial mitigation measures include consideration of building envelope retrofitting, skilled workmanship, and the call for quality management procedures during construction.

scholarly journals Timber Framing Factor in Toronto Residential House Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Qusass
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Control ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Residential House ◽  
R Value ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact

Achieving energy efficiency with thermal control in residential houses is crucial for the reduction in the energy consumption. Timber framing as the main structural component in the building envelope has a big influence on the effective R-value depending on the framing percentage, and this impacts the overall thermal performance of the building. This project, carried out in Canada, measured the typical framing percentages that are achieved in residential construction sites and compares them with code recommendations. It provides framing factors measured for 17 residential units under construction including detached, row-housing, and semi-detach dwelling units in three different locations in the Toronto area. Detailed on site measurements provide data for numerical calculation to evaluate the amount of framing within external walls, ceilings, and exposed floors. The overall framing factor calculated for each dwelling is found to exceed the recommended percentage by Canadian Model National Energy code for dwellings and ASHRAE Handbook- Fundamental. The research considers the impact that additional regular thermal bridging from the increased framing percentage will have on the effective R-value, and consequently, the impact on thermal effectiveness of the envelope leading to an increase in the overall energy above the expectations of the codes and standards.

scholarly journals PREFABRICATED TIMBER PANELS APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES FOR THE ENERGY REFURBISHMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ENVELOPE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND SLOVENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Slobodan Peulić ◽  
Črtomir Tavzes ◽  
Tim Mavrič
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Residential Building Stock

System of prefabricated modules installed on the existing building envelope is one alternativesolution for deep energy refurbishment of buildings in the European Union. It allows thermalupgrade installation of new parts in the HVAC system. Moreover, some elements of the envelopecan be made of renewable materials. This research compares the residential building stock andidentifies potential types of buildings for energy refurbishment in Bosnia and Herzegovina andSlovenia. It presents refurbishment possibilities of existing residential building stock in bothcountries with prefabricated timber panels. It also presents potential obstacles to the widerapplication of this refurbishment solution.

Research of Low-Energy Consumption Technology about Residential Buildings in Inner Mongolia Cold Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Guo Hui Jin ◽  
Huai Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Cold Area

In this paper, combined with the climate characteristics of cold area of Inner Mongolia unique and abundant solar energy resources, In view of the residential building envelope system for low energy technology research, Finally it is concluded that is suitable for cold area of Inner Mongolia of low-energy consumption technology, Hope can be in Inner Mongolia cold area residential building energy efficiency design to provide the reference value.

scholarly journals Plug and Play Modular Façade Construction System for Renovation for Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Roberto Garay-Martinez ◽  
Xabat Oregi ◽  
J. Ignacio Torrens-Galdiz ◽  
Amaia Uriarte-Arrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Plug And Play ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
The Status ◽  
3D Scans

The present paper focuses on the architectural and constructional features required to ensure that building envelope renovation are safe, functional, and adaptable to the building stock, with particular focus on “plug and play” modular facade construction systems. It presents the design of one such system and how it addresses these issues. The outcome of early-stage functional test with a full-scale mock-up system, as well as its applicability to a real construction project is presented. It is found crucial to obtain high quality information about the status of the existing façade with the use of modern technologies such as topographic surveys or 3D scans and point cloud. Detailed design processes are required to ensure the compatibility of manufacture and installation tolerances, along with anchor systems that deliver flexibility for adjustment, and construction processes adapting standard installation methods to the architectural particularities of each case that may hinder its use or require some modification in each situation. This prefabricated plug and play modular system has been tested by reproducing the holistic methodology and new technologies in the market by means of real demonstrators. When compared to more conventional construction methods, this system achieves savings in a real case of 50% (time), 30% (materials) and 25% (waste), thus achieving significant economic savings.

scholarly journals Timber Framing Factor in Toronto Residential House Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Qusass
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Control ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Residential House ◽  
R Value ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact

Achieving energy efficiency with thermal control in residential houses is crucial for the reduction in the energy consumption. Timber framing as the main structural component in the building envelope has a big influence on the effective R-value depending on the framing percentage, and this impacts the overall thermal performance of the building. This project, carried out in Canada, measured the typical framing percentages that are achieved in residential construction sites and compares them with code recommendations. It provides framing factors measured for 17 residential units under construction including detached, row-housing, and semi-detach dwelling units in three different locations in the Toronto area. Detailed on site measurements provide data for numerical calculation to evaluate the amount of framing within external walls, ceilings, and exposed floors. The overall framing factor calculated for each dwelling is found to exceed the recommended percentage by Canadian Model National Energy code for dwellings and ASHRAE Handbook- Fundamental. The research considers the impact that additional regular thermal bridging from the increased framing percentage will have on the effective R-value, and consequently, the impact on thermal effectiveness of the envelope leading to an increase in the overall energy above the expectations of the codes and standards.

scholarly journals TESTING THE NEW 3D BAG DATASET FOR ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
C. León-Sánchez ◽  
D. Giannelli ◽  
G. Agugiaro ◽  
J. Stoter
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Energy Simulations

Abstract. The 3D BAG v. 2.0 dataset has been recently released: it is a country-wide dataset containing all buildings in the Netherlands, modelled in multiple LoDs (LoD1.2, LoD1.3 and LoD2.2). In particular, the LoD2.2 allows differentiating between different thematic surfaces composing the building envelope. This paper describes the first steps to test and use the 3D BAG 2.0 to perform energy simulations and characterise the energy performance of the building stock. Two well-known energy simulation software packages have been tested: SimStadt and CitySim Pro. Particular care has been paid to generate a suitable, valid CityGML test dataset, located in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the central-eastern part of the Netherlands, that has been then used to test the energy simulation tools. Results from the simulation tools have been then stored into the 3D City Database, additionally extended to deal with the CityGML Energy ADE. The whole workflow has been checked in order to guarantee a lossless dataflow.The paper reports on the proposed workflow, the issues encountered, some solutions implemented, and what the next steps will be.

Development of an Integrated Performance Design Platform for Residential Buildings Based on Climate Adaptability

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8223
Author(s):  
Zhixing Li ◽  
Mimi Tian ◽  
Yafei Zhao ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yuxi Ying
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrated Performance

Building energy waste has become one of the major challenges confronting the world today, so specifications and targets for building energy efficiency have been put forward in countries around the world in recent years. The schematic design stage matters a lot for building energy efficiency, while most architects nowadays are less likely to make energy efficiency design decisions in this stage due to the lack of necessary means and methods for analysis. An integrated multi-objective multivariate framework for optimization analysis is proposed for the schematic design stage in the paper. Here, the design parameters of the building morphology and the design parameters of the building envelope are integrated for analysis, and an integrated performance prediction model is established for low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings. Then, a comparison of the performance indicators of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings under five typical urban climatic conditions is carried out, and the change patterns of the lighting environment, thermal environment, building energy demand, and life cycle cost of residential buildings in each city under different morphological parameters and design parameters of the building envelope are summarized. Specific analysis methods and practical tools are provided in the study for architectural design to ensure thermal comfort, lighting comfort, low energy consumption, and low life-cycle cost requirement, and this design method can inspire and guide the climate adaptation analysis and design process of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings in China, improve architects’ perception of energy-saving design principles of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings on the ontological level, as well as provide them with a method to follow and a case to follow in the actual design process.

A Novel Contribution for Resilient Buildings. Theoretical Fragility Curves: Interaction between Energy and Structural Behavior for Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Angelis ◽  
Fabrizio Ascione ◽  
Rosa Francesca De Masi ◽  
Maria Rosaria Pecce ◽  
Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Definition Of

The paper introduces a new semi-probabilistic methodology for the definition of energy fragility curves suitable for a macro-classification of building stock inspired to and coupled with the widely adopted method of seismic fragility curves. The approach is applied to the reinforced concrete residential buildings of the Italian stock. Starting from a classification according to the climatic zone and the construction period, some reference buildings in terms of building envelope typologies have been defined and simulated by means of dynamic modeling tools. Then, cumulative distributions of the probability that the primary energy consumption for heating was comparable with certain threshold values are defined according to the climatic conditions expressed with the heating degree days, which constitute the intensity measure for the fragility curves. Finally, by focusing on the interaction points between structural and energetic aspects, it is shown how these curves can be useful for decision-makers with regards to definition of importance and or the level of intervention to be made to the building envelope for improving its seismic safety and the energy quality. Indeed, non-integrated interventions are more expensive and less efficient.

Passive House Design Guidelines for Residential Buildings in El Salvador

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aaron Martinez
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Passive House

The reduction of anthropogenic green house gas emissions through increased building energy efficiency is a global effort, which is a responsibility of both developed and developing nations. The Passive House concept is a building design methodology that advocates for a systematic optimization and integration of the building envelope and internal loads in order to achieve a passive yet comfortable performance. Multiple passive houses have been built and monitored in Europe and the United States. The present paper attempts to determine what design features are required for tropical residential buildings to meet the Passive House Standard. This study was conducted in El Salvador, which experiences a warm and humid climate throughout the year. For economic and cultural reasons, few residential buildings in the country have air conditioning systems. However, the vast majority of residential buildings have not been designed using passive principles, causing great occupant discomfort and increasing energy consumption for cooling. Both the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software and EnergyPlus were used in order to determine the design parameters that would yield a passive house for this climate. In addition, the paper discusses the technical and economic feasibility of modifying a typical house to meet the standard. The potential benefits related to occupant comfort and energy cost savings are also discussed.

scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption Of New Constuction Residential Buildings In Ontario: The Development Of Prescriptive Compliance Packages 20% Below Ontario Building Code Requirements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Home Construction ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Design Factors

To address energy concerns in new home construction in Ontario, advanced compliance packages have been developed that meet an energy reduction of 20% compared to SB-12 standards. The prescriptions are based on measures identified by homebuilders in the Savings by Design program. Energy simulations using HOT2000 have been conducted to establish the optimum combination of measures that will enable builders to meet the target, for 3 different house archetypes. Additional analysis was conducted to determine the effect of building orientation; climate; thermal bridging; air conditioning; and the SHGC of windows. A total of 9 advanced packages were developed. The findings from this study indicate that builders are more comfortable upgrading the systems components of a house as opposed to the building envelope components; different archetypes can reach the reduction target using different measures; and the other design factors must be considered in order to ensure the reduction target is achieved.

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