scholarly journals Biosecurity in agriculture [electronic resource] : a suggested strategy for the protection of source water against pathogenic contamination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Earl
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Suggested Strategy ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Water Quality

To reduce the threat of pathogenic responses in humans, the Government of Ontario has introduced the Clean Water Act. The Act is intended to identify, characterize, and mitigate risks to vulnerable sources of drinking water. Applying the appropriate level of protection in those areas where land use activities contribute to the contamination of source water can be achieved through the use of biosecurity strategies comprised of operational measures to treat manure prior to storage and handling. Recent outbreaks of waterborne disease linked to manure management practices has resulted in an increased awareness of the potential risks that livestock operations pose to source water quality. This investigation demonstrated that currently available treatment technologies can significantly reduce pathogen concentrations in livestock manure; however the extent that these measures can be integrated into the proposed Clean Water Act is limited by the lack of controlled, replicated studies conducted at the commercial-scale.

scholarly journals Biosecurity in agriculture [electronic resource] : a suggested strategy for the protection of source water against pathogenic contamination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Earl
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Suggested Strategy ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Water Quality

To reduce the threat of pathogenic responses in humans, the Government of Ontario has introduced the Clean Water Act. The Act is intended to identify, characterize, and mitigate risks to vulnerable sources of drinking water. Applying the appropriate level of protection in those areas where land use activities contribute to the contamination of source water can be achieved through the use of biosecurity strategies comprised of operational measures to treat manure prior to storage and handling. Recent outbreaks of waterborne disease linked to manure management practices has resulted in an increased awareness of the potential risks that livestock operations pose to source water quality. This investigation demonstrated that currently available treatment technologies can significantly reduce pathogen concentrations in livestock manure; however the extent that these measures can be integrated into the proposed Clean Water Act is limited by the lack of controlled, replicated studies conducted at the commercial-scale.

scholarly journals A capacity assessment and legislative review of the Clean Water Act in Ontario : past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Torok
Keyword(s):  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Source Water Protection ◽  
Conservation Authorities ◽  
Legislative Review

Historically an unequal distribution of capacity existed among local Municipalities and Conservation Authorities with regards to protecting water in Ontario, as well there was no specific legislation pertaining solely to source water protection. The aim of this research project is to present and analyze through a comparative assessment, the financial capacity requirements and the technical, institutional, social and political capacity progress observed among the 19 Source Protection Regions across Ontario in terms of protecting source water following the Walkerton event and the enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The results indicate that through the enactment of the CWA, capacity building initiatives have taken place through a top-down model with the provincial governments' guidance, direction and support to local municipalities and CAs. When the provincial government takes control and provides capacity related assistance, the lower level municipal and CA governments become regulated; functioning more effectively and with a level of consistency across the province.

scholarly journals Risky business : the role of risk perception in the Ontario source water protection planning process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K Rollinson-Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Source Water Protection

The purpose of this research was: 1. to investigate whether the perception of drinking water-related risk differs between the public and a Source Protection Committee established under Ontario's new Clean Water Act to make decisions about source water protection, 2. to explore how the public makes risk-based decisions about drinking water-related risk, and, 3. to estimate how any differences in drinking water-related risk perception and decision making between the Committee and the public may affect the implementation of the Clean Water Act. Mail and telephone surveys were conducted in a Southern Ontario Region of Study, and were given to samples of the public and the Committee. The two groups had different perceptions of water risk, which could pose challenges for making collective decisions about water risks. Successful source water protection depends on the ability of the Committees and the public to make appropriate decisions about risks to drinking water sources.

scholarly journals A capacity assessment and legislative review of the Clean Water Act in Ontario : past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Torok
Keyword(s):  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Source Water Protection ◽  
Conservation Authorities ◽  
Legislative Review

Historically an unequal distribution of capacity existed among local Municipalities and Conservation Authorities with regards to protecting water in Ontario, as well there was no specific legislation pertaining solely to source water protection. The aim of this research project is to present and analyze through a comparative assessment, the financial capacity requirements and the technical, institutional, social and political capacity progress observed among the 19 Source Protection Regions across Ontario in terms of protecting source water following the Walkerton event and the enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The results indicate that through the enactment of the CWA, capacity building initiatives have taken place through a top-down model with the provincial governments' guidance, direction and support to local municipalities and CAs. When the provincial government takes control and provides capacity related assistance, the lower level municipal and CA governments become regulated; functioning more effectively and with a level of consistency across the province.

scholarly journals A screening method for making the source water event-based approach operational

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Thorsten Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Event Based

Numerical modeling is increasingly used as a tool for environmental assessment and planning, including for Drinking Water Source Protection in Ontario as outlined in the Government of Ontario's 2006 Clean Water Act. However, modeling procedures are often inadequate in the organizational context and tight budgets. It remains a challenge to adapt these procedures such that they are transparent and efficient for watershed practitioners. This paper reviews and analyzes the application of the event-based approach, as defined in the technical rules to the ‘Clean Water Act’. Four limitations are then identified in a case study using the common procedure. Addressing these requires iterative model refinements, which likely result in cost overruns and undermine sound budget planning. An alternative method is then suggested, demonstrated and validated, which uses numerical modeling for creating a generic diagram. Such a generic diagram offers a transparent decision-making tool for planners, other non-technical employes and land owners.

scholarly journals Risky business : the role of risk perception in the Ontario source water protection planning process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K Rollinson-Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Source Water Protection

The purpose of this research was: 1. to investigate whether the perception of drinking water-related risk differs between the public and a Source Protection Committee established under Ontario's new Clean Water Act to make decisions about source water protection, 2. to explore how the public makes risk-based decisions about drinking water-related risk, and, 3. to estimate how any differences in drinking water-related risk perception and decision making between the Committee and the public may affect the implementation of the Clean Water Act. Mail and telephone surveys were conducted in a Southern Ontario Region of Study, and were given to samples of the public and the Committee. The two groups had different perceptions of water risk, which could pose challenges for making collective decisions about water risks. Successful source water protection depends on the ability of the Committees and the public to make appropriate decisions about risks to drinking water sources.

scholarly journals A Review of the Federal Clean Water Act and the Maryland Water Quality Improvement Act: The Rationale For Developing a Water And Nutrient Management Planning Process For Container Nursery And Greenhouse Operations

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
David S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Water Quality Improvement

Abstract Newly enforced provisions of the Federal Clean Water Act of 1972 and new state laws like the Maryland Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998 are forcing agriculture to develop effective procedures to show that they are not polluting our nation's water resources. Formulating a water and nutrient management process for nursery and greenhouse operations that takes both water and nutrient applications into account is very important. Many operations already have implemented improved management practices to conserve water and nutrients. For those operations that do not have these procedures in place, it will be necessary to find cost-effective ways to ensure that these operations can comply with laws, and document that they can effectively reduce the risk of nutrient movement from their operations to a minimum.

The quantitative and qualitative contributions of faith based organizations to healthcare: The Kenya case

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Fort
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Faith Based Organizations ◽  
The Government

Though difficult to ascertain because faith based organizations (FBOs) might keep a low profile, be confused with other non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or survey respondents may not know the nature of facilities attended to, these organizations have a long presence in teaching health personnel and delivering health services in many rural and remote populations in the developing world. It is argued that their large networks, logistics agreements with governments, and mission-driven stance brings them closer to the communities they serve, and their services believed of higher quality than average. Kenya has a long history of established FBOs substantial recent health investment by the government. We aimed to find the quantitative and qualitative contributions of FBOs by analyzing two recent data sources: the live web-based nationwide Master Health Facility List, and the 2010 nationwide Service Provision Assessment (SPA) survey. Using this information, we found that FBOs contribute to 11% of all health facilities’ presence in the country, doubling to 23% of all available beds, indicating their relative strength in owning mid-level hospitals around the country. We also constructed an index of readiness as a weighted average from services offered, good management practices and availability of medicines and commodities for 17 items assessed during the SPA survey. We found that FBOs topped the list of managing authorities, with 70 percent of health facility readiness, followed closely by the government at 69 percent, NGOs at 61 percent and lastly a distant private for profit sector at 50 percent. These results seem to indicate that FBOs continue to contribute to an important proportion of health care coverage in Kenya, and that they do so with a relatively high quality of care among all actors. It would be of interest to replicate the analysis with similar databases for other countries in the developing world.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

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