scholarly journals The Tea workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Experience

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.

scholarly journals The Tea workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Experience

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.

scholarly journals Tea Plantation Dynamic in West Java Based on Productivity and Institutional Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Marenda Ishak S ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽  
Widiatmaka Widiatmaka ◽  
Sudirman Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
West Java ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Weather Changes

The growth of Indonesian tea industry requires a serious attention. Land conversion due to weather changes is considered as one of the reasons why the tea industry decreased. This is proved by the declining of Indonesian position as tea exporting country to rank 7.  The potential of Indonesian tea plantations is considered to be high due to both quality and quantity. This research is aimed to explore the relationship between production and weather conditions (rainfall, temperature, and humidity) that cause land conversion. Another aim is assessing the dynamic change of the institutional role within tea plantation in West Java. The first research was initiated by literature review and sampling of primary field, meanwhile the second research was conducted by interview and questionnaire in Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency. The results showed that humidity factor determines the tea production in West Java. The institutional role as a weakened agent in all sector is a second finding. 

Coolie Drivers Or Benevolent Paternalists? British Tea Planters in Assam and the Indenture Labour System

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANA P. BEHAL
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
World Market ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper traces the evolution of the indenture labour system in the tea plantations of Assam and, simultaneously, the shaping of the attitudes of British planters towards the labour force. Also explored are: the significant fact that only a small number of British managerial personnel were in charge of a huge migrant labour force; how the need to step up tea production for the competitive world market while keeping down costs—i.e. labour costs, being the main production cost—fostered an exploitative labour system, with planters taking frequent recourse to physical and economic coercion; and the ensuing extra-legal measures needed to keep the labour force under control. The paper also demonstrates that the colonial state was in full cognizance of the injustices of the labour system. Legislation by the government had laid the foundations of the indenture system and, while there were provisions for protecting the interests of labour force, these were on the whole ignored, with the state turning a blind eye to the planters’ use of physical and other extra-legal measures. One instance involved Chief Commissioner Henry Cotton, who attacked the injustices of the system. This attack was silenced swiftly, and the stance taken by Viceroy Curzon as the incident played out is a clear pointer to the government's willingness, to side with tea-industry interests at all costs.

scholarly journals Fear of Small Numbers and Political Behaviour of Ethnocentric Majority of Sri Lanka: Undeclared War against Upcountry Tamil Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Harsha Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
International System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract The United Nations Human Development Report (UNHDR) mentions that the rights of women and female children are inalienable, integral and indivisible. It further highlights the full and equal participation of women in every segment of the social process without any discrimination or without considering sex - gender hierarchies.1 The legal frameworks of the international system and local political space is accepting of the normative values of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based discrimination. But most of the majoritarian societies challenge these legal frameworks to address their political, social and market-oriented interests. These actions are driven by political, social and structural frameworks which have been accepted by the majoritarian societies in the liberal democratic world. Tamil women in upcountry tea plantations in Sri Lanka were subjected to systemic and structural violence because of Sinhala majoritarian statecrafts in post-independence Sri Lanka. The ethnocentric violence directly problematises human security, survival and the personal rights of the upcountry Tamil female labour force. This paper discusses the survival of Tamil female plantation labour forces, focusing mainly on the security crisis of female reproductive rights under the ethnocentric Sinhala Majoritarian Society.

Resisting hierarchies through relationality in the ethics of care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Care Ethics ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Gender Essentialism ◽  
Carol Gilligan ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Critical Ethics

This article explores recent charges of Western-centrism and gender essentialism in care ethics. In response to these charges, and informed by the work of Carol Gilligan, I argue for a view of care ethics that regards it not primarily as a normative theory advocating for care and care workers, but as a critical ethics that voices and enacts resistance to Cartesian splits and hierarchies. These are not just gender hierarchies; rather, care ethics resists all binaries that divide people into categories and separate them from others, and, indeed, from themselves.

scholarly journals Digital Asymmetries in Transnational Communication: Expectation, Autonomy and Gender Positioning in the Household

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Sun Sun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chinese Study ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Transnational Communication ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Gender

Abstract In contemporary society, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are widely cherished for helping transnational households preserve a coherent sense of familyhood despite geographical separation. Despite ICTs having positive benefits for the maintenance of long-distance intimacies, digital asymmetries characterized by gaps in routines, emotional experiences, and outcomes of ICT use can also emerge between family members of different structural, social, and geographical conditions. Drawing on an innovative “content–context diary”-cum-participant observation, this article investigates the multi-dimensional digital asymmetries emerging from the transnational communication of Chinese “study mothers” in Singapore. Using the data visualization and analysis tool “ecomap,” the findings uncover that study mothers were largely beleaguered by expectation asymmetry and autonomy asymmetry, arising from different expectations to and control over daily transnational communication with their family members. The study mothers were disadvantaged by their relatively isolated life situations in the host society and accentuated gender hierarchies in the household.

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