scholarly journals Tea Plantation Dynamic in West Java Based on Productivity and Institutional Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Marenda Ishak S ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽  
Widiatmaka Widiatmaka ◽  
Sudirman Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
West Java ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Weather Changes

The growth of Indonesian tea industry requires a serious attention. Land conversion due to weather changes is considered as one of the reasons why the tea industry decreased. This is proved by the declining of Indonesian position as tea exporting country to rank 7.  The potential of Indonesian tea plantations is considered to be high due to both quality and quantity. This research is aimed to explore the relationship between production and weather conditions (rainfall, temperature, and humidity) that cause land conversion. Another aim is assessing the dynamic change of the institutional role within tea plantation in West Java. The first research was initiated by literature review and sampling of primary field, meanwhile the second research was conducted by interview and questionnaire in Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency. The results showed that humidity factor determines the tea production in West Java. The institutional role as a weakened agent in all sector is a second finding. 

scholarly journals KAJIAN PERSEBARAN KOMODITAS TEH: PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PERKEBUNAN TEH DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basorudin ◽  
Aniisa Rizqi ◽  
Sri Murdaningrum ◽  
Windi Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
West Java ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Quadrant Method ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Tea Production

Tea is one of the main commodities that is a mainstay of Indonesian exports and has been exported to 78 countries on five continents. However, the development of the volume of Indonesian tea exports tends to decline from 2011 to 2015. Therefore, this study aims to find out which districts are potential areas and non-potential areas in West Java Province as the largest tea-producing region in Indonesia. Then, to find out the growth rate of tea production in each district in West Java Province and how the area is spread based on its potential. The method used is Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Quadrant Method. Based on the research, it was found that the area that has potential and became the basis so that its construction can contribute significantly to tea plantations in West Java Province are Bandung, Cianjur, Purwakarta, Bandung Barat, Garut, Tasikmalaya, and Sukabumi. Then, the calculation results with this quadrant indicate that the mainstay tea plantation area is in the Sukabumi, Cianjur, Bandung, Garut, and West Bandung regions.

scholarly journals The Tea workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Experience

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.

scholarly journals The Tea workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Experience

The region of Darjeeling has been a backdrop for political conflict since its colonization by the British in the 1800s. In the aftermath of the politically-motivated 104-day long citywide shutdown in the summer of 2017, Darjeeling’s tea industry took a significant hit. The forced closure of the plantations meant that workers were unable to earn wages, in spite of often being at the frontlines of the Gorkhaland movement protests. This paper contextualizes the research that went into the short film The Tea Workers. In particular, it explores the complexity of the female experience of labour on and around tea plantations, as well as the ways in which labour and gender hierarchies intersect to uniquely affect women labourers in the politicized landscape of tea production.

Coolie Drivers Or Benevolent Paternalists? British Tea Planters in Assam and the Indenture Labour System

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANA P. BEHAL
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
World Market ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper traces the evolution of the indenture labour system in the tea plantations of Assam and, simultaneously, the shaping of the attitudes of British planters towards the labour force. Also explored are: the significant fact that only a small number of British managerial personnel were in charge of a huge migrant labour force; how the need to step up tea production for the competitive world market while keeping down costs—i.e. labour costs, being the main production cost—fostered an exploitative labour system, with planters taking frequent recourse to physical and economic coercion; and the ensuing extra-legal measures needed to keep the labour force under control. The paper also demonstrates that the colonial state was in full cognizance of the injustices of the labour system. Legislation by the government had laid the foundations of the indenture system and, while there were provisions for protecting the interests of labour force, these were on the whole ignored, with the state turning a blind eye to the planters’ use of physical and other extra-legal measures. One instance involved Chief Commissioner Henry Cotton, who attacked the injustices of the system. This attack was silenced swiftly, and the stance taken by Viceroy Curzon as the incident played out is a clear pointer to the government's willingness, to side with tea-industry interests at all costs.

Cover Crops Enhance Natural Enemies While Help Suppressing Pests in a Tea Plantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Lin Chen ◽  
Pei Yuan ◽  
Min-Sheng You ◽  
Gabor Pozsgai ◽  
Xu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Arthropod Biodiversity ◽  
Sustainable Pest Control

Abstract Tea is an economically important crop, consumed by billions of people. Despite the increasing market for pesticide-free products, the use of pesticide in tea is still high. In order to investigate whether intercropping promotes biological control organisms, Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene, Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq., Trifolium repens L., and Vigna sinensis (L.) were separately intercropped with free weeding as control in a tea plantation at Yangli, China. Arthropods were collected by taking sweep-net samples, and treatment effects on assemblages were investigated. The combined species richness of all arthropods and that of parasitoids was significantly increased in intercropped treatments while the species richness of herbivores and predators was only greater in C. rotundifolia and I. hendecaphylla intercropped treatments. Compared with control, the combined abundance of all arthropods, and that of herbivores was lower, while the abundance of parasitoids and its taxa was greater in all intercropped treatments. The abundance of predators and its taxa was greater only in tea plantations intercropped with C. rotundifolia or I. hendecaphylla. Of the herbivores, the abundance of Empoasca onukii Matsuda, Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae, and Pentatomidae was greater in the areas intercropped with C. rotundifolia in comparison with the control, but the abundance of Thysanoptera and Geometridae caterpillars was lower. The recorded increase in the abundance of beneficial arthropods may explain the lower abundance of Thysanoptera or Geometridae caterpillars detected in the intercropped tea plantations. Our results indicate that intercropping has the potential to enhance arthropod biodiversity, and to provide an option for sustainable pest control in tea plantations.

scholarly journals Effect of Total Solar Radiation and Rainfall on Yield of Different Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) Clones at Two Sites in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Joseph Kimutai Langát
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Weather Changes

Tea cultivation is the leading cash crop in Kenya, making significant contribution to the economy. It is the single largest export commodity, accounting for about 26% of the country’s total export earnings. In 2017, the country got US$ 1.23 billion in foreign exchange earnings. However, tea production is affected by weather changes. Majority of research reporting the effects of weather on tea yields in Africa have mostly been carried out at single sites. This study investigated contribution of total solar radiation and rainfall to tea (Camellia sinensis) yields at two sites in Kenya. A split-plot layout study was conducted at two sites differing in altitude and climatic conditions in Kenya: Kangaita (0o30'S, 37o16'E, 2100 m.a.s.l.) and Kipkebe (0o17'S, 35o3'E, 1740 m.a.s.l.). Timbilil (0o22'S, 35o21'E, 2200 m.a.s.l.) was used as a reference site. Four tea clones of commercial and scientific interest in Kenya (AHP SC 31/37, EPK TN14-3, TRFK 301/5 and TRFK 31/8) were studied. Low radiation intensities at Timbilil in 2007 corresponded with low made tea yields at Kangaita (2.1 t ha-1 y-1) and Kipkebe (2.6 t ha-1 y-1) compared to 2008 (4.4 t ha-1 y-1 and 3.2 t ha-1 y-1) and 2009 (3.1 t ha-1 y-1 and 3.0 t ha-1 y-1) respectively when higher total radiation intensities were recorded. Statistical analysis done using two-way ANOVA (P = 0.05) for split plot design showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.53) between total solar radiation, rainfall and mean made tea yield. Higher radiation and rainfall intensities yielded higher tea outputs.

Autonomous Mission Replanning Method for Imaging Satellites Considering Real-Time Weather Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 6967-6973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming He ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Yingwu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Actual Observation ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Observation Results

During the observations made by imaging satellites, meteorological factors are likely to change frequently. The vagaries of weather conditions and significant effects on the actual observation results mean that there is an urgent need to apply more intelligence to satellite mission planning. Thus, this paper describes an autonomous replanning method for imaging satellites that considers the real-time weather conditions. Considering the characteristics of different input data, this method replans the low-yield task set and fine-tunes others to improve profitability. Moreover, the proposed method can heuristically select the appropriate adjustment rule to achieve autonomous satellite mission planning. A series of simulations with various task quantities and in different environments shows that the proposed method can respond effectively to real-time weather changes, and can steadily improve the total profits in a variety of weather conditions during Earth observation activities.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Surface Water Nitrate Levels within a Kenyan Tea Plantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Maghanga ◽  
J. L. Kituyi ◽  
P. O. Kisinyo ◽  
W. K. Ng’etich
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tea Production

Tea production in the Kenyan Rift Valley uses high rates of nitrogenous fertilizer. Nitrates can be discharged to water bodies through leaching and surface run-off. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/LNO3-–N cause methemoglobinemia which is fatal. A study to monitor changes in surface water nitrate levels was carried out in ten rivers within a Kenyan tea plantation for three years. Water samples were obtained before and after fertilizer application in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-–N) was determined colorimetrically by the cadmium reduction method using HACH-DR 2400 dataloging spectrophotometer. For the three years, the highest nitrate-nitrogen levels were in river Temochewa in 2005 during the first fertilizer applications (4.9 mg/L to 8.2 mg/L). There was no established trend between surface water nitrate levels and the time of fertilizer applications; however, fertilizer application contributed to an increase in nitrate levels. The initial nitrate-nitrogen levels in most of the rivers were high, indicating that contamination could have been upstream; hence, further research is required to establish this. Nitrogen-nitrogen levels in the three years were below the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/LNO3-–N; however, the rivers should be monitored frequently.

scholarly journals Assessment of EGNOS Tropospheric Correction Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Penna ◽  
Alan Dodson ◽  
Wu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tropospheric Delays

Within the implementation of the European Geo-stationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS), a significant residual error in positioning is due to tropospheric delay effects. The EGNOS guidelines recommend that tropospheric delay is modelled using an empirical correction algorithm based on a receiver's height and estimates of meteorological parameters developed from average and seasonal variation data. However, such a simple average and seasonal variation model is unlikely to emulate temporal weather changes exactly. The potential errors involved in the application of the recommended algorithm and the consequent effects on the positioning errors, under typical UK weather conditions, are detailed in this paper. This was achieved by comparing tropospheric delays produced by the EGNOS model, with tropospheric delays estimated from high precision carrier phase GPS, over a one-year period for five UK stations. The RMS EGNOS model zenith tropospheric delay errors ranged from 4·0 to 4·7 cm, with maximum errors ranging from 13·2 to 17·8 cm. The errors were also shown to be spatially correlated. The subsequent effect on position error is shown to be dependent on the satellite elevation cut-off angle adopted and on whether or not the observations are weighted according to the satellite elevation angle.

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