scholarly journals The end(s) of analogue: access to CBC/Radio-Canada Television Programming in an era of digital delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven James May

This dissertation studies the political economy of public television access in Canada as manifest in the country’s 2011 digital television/télévision numérique transition. Specifically, this dissertation scrutinizes the provision of access to television programming offered by Canada’s national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Société Radio-Canada (CBC/Radio-Canada), and how CBC/Radio-Canada’s response to Canada’s 2011 digital television transition corresponds with its mandate under the Broadcasting Act to ensure that its programming is “made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose” (Canada, 1991). Drawing from research interviews conducted with disconnected analogue over-the-air (OTA) CBC/Radio-Canada television-viewing households and members of CBC/Radio-Canada Management involved with the public broadcaster’s response to Canada’s digital television transition deadline, this dissertation finds competing accounts of how public television delivery is linked to the provision of access to the public broadcaster’s television programming in the digital age. While interviewed members of CBC/Radio-Canada Management describe an inefficient analogue OTA public television delivery system that would be best superseded by more efficient modes of digital delivery, OTA CBC/Radio-Canada television-viewing households describe an analog OTA CBC/Radio-Canada television service that had been providing access to CBC/Radio Canada television programming and describe a digital disconnect following CBC/Radio Canada’s digital television transition. This dissertation questions the post-analogue public television delivery operations of CBC/Radio-Canada; mainly that public television delivery cost savings achieved as a result of CBC/Radio-Canada’s response to Canada’s digital television transition deadline have resulted in gaps in access to CBC/Radio-Canada television programming by some Canadian households as articulated through this dissertation’s Public Media Access Puzzle Sieve (Public M.A.P.S.) model. The Public M.A.P.S. model offers a means by which to both anticipate and assess levels of access to public media based on the model’s elements of access related to cost, availability, functionality, opportunities for à la carte service, and access to locally relevant feed(s). In the case of CBC/Radio-Canada, gaps in household access to the public broadcaster’s digital television programming as identified by the Public M.A.P.S. model help to underscore deficiencies in Canada’s post-analogue television system, the information communication technology (ICT) sector, and domestic spectrum management practices.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven James May

This dissertation studies the political economy of public television access in Canada as manifest in the country’s 2011 digital television/télévision numérique transition. Specifically, this dissertation scrutinizes the provision of access to television programming offered by Canada’s national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Société Radio-Canada (CBC/Radio-Canada), and how CBC/Radio-Canada’s response to Canada’s 2011 digital television transition corresponds with its mandate under the Broadcasting Act to ensure that its programming is “made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose” (Canada, 1991). Drawing from research interviews conducted with disconnected analogue over-the-air (OTA) CBC/Radio-Canada television-viewing households and members of CBC/Radio-Canada Management involved with the public broadcaster’s response to Canada’s digital television transition deadline, this dissertation finds competing accounts of how public television delivery is linked to the provision of access to the public broadcaster’s television programming in the digital age. While interviewed members of CBC/Radio-Canada Management describe an inefficient analogue OTA public television delivery system that would be best superseded by more efficient modes of digital delivery, OTA CBC/Radio-Canada television-viewing households describe an analog OTA CBC/Radio-Canada television service that had been providing access to CBC/Radio Canada television programming and describe a digital disconnect following CBC/Radio Canada’s digital television transition. This dissertation questions the post-analogue public television delivery operations of CBC/Radio-Canada; mainly that public television delivery cost savings achieved as a result of CBC/Radio-Canada’s response to Canada’s digital television transition deadline have resulted in gaps in access to CBC/Radio-Canada television programming by some Canadian households as articulated through this dissertation’s Public Media Access Puzzle Sieve (Public M.A.P.S.) model. The Public M.A.P.S. model offers a means by which to both anticipate and assess levels of access to public media based on the model’s elements of access related to cost, availability, functionality, opportunities for à la carte service, and access to locally relevant feed(s). In the case of CBC/Radio-Canada, gaps in household access to the public broadcaster’s digital television programming as identified by the Public M.A.P.S. model help to underscore deficiencies in Canada’s post-analogue television system, the information communication technology (ICT) sector, and domestic spectrum management practices.


Via Latgalica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Dainis Mjartāns

The existence of two separate and distinctly different information spaces is acutely apparent in Latgale, and this situation is heightened by easily picked up Russian and Belarussian television programming as well as illegal satellite operator (smartcard) sharing. Considering these circumstances – and the fact that residents are exposed to vastly different information and interpretations about national, international, economic, social and cultural developments – national Latvian media policy is focused on forging closer links in the realm of information between Latgale and other regions of Latvia, thereby guaranteeing that residents of the border areas are informed of national processes and developments in international events. What steps should be taken in order to, with a reasonable amount of investment, reach as large an audience as possible and promote the development of diverse content for the Latgalian audience? The author of the article analyses the goals and support measures initiated by the Latgale electronic media programme of the National Electronic Mass Media Council (NEPLP) for Latgalian electronic media and producer groups. The programme is a set of measures and activities based on the public service remit for public and commercial media, which includes technical solutions for improving broadcasting standards. In particular, the programme focuses on supporting content generation at local radio stations, which in Latgale continue to be an important source of information and have substantial audiences. The article focuses on tasks that should be performed by the Latgale multimedia studio of Latvian Radio. The studio is a precondition for increasing the public media audience in Latgale as well as for the consolidation of Latgalian identity and protection of the Latgalian language. Based on the communicative needs of Latgalian speakers, the author accents the need for electronic media in the Latgalian language. In-depth studies regarding the demand for and use of written materials in the Latgalian language would help in developing a strategy for the coming years for shaping policy in regard to the preservation and further development of the Latgalian language.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-318
Author(s):  
Gizeli Costa Bertollo Menezes ◽  
Francisco Gilson Rebouças Porto Junior ◽  
Yuri Vinicius Silva ◽  
José Lopes da Cruz Filho ◽  
Kécia Garcia Ferreira

A proposta deste artigo é compreender melhor o sistema público de televisão em Portugal e no Brasil, especificamente as emissoras RTP1 e TV Brasil. Embora os dois países sejam marcados por fortes ligações históricas, culturais e linguísticas, se distanciam no que diz respeito a radiodifusão pública. Enquanto em Portugal a televisão já nasce sob o domínio estatal, que posteriormente vai se moldando aos princípios do serviço público, no Brasil chega pelas mãos da iniciativa privada, que por quase duas décadas dominou de forma exclusiva o cenário televisivo, imprimindo seu modelo no país.   PALAVRAS CHAVE: Televisão; Brasil; Portugal; TV pública; História.     ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to better understand the public television system in Portugal and Brazil, specifically the RTP1 and TV Brazil broadcasters. Although the two countries are marked by strong historical, cultural and linguistic connections, they are distant in relation to public broadcasting. While in Portugal, television is born under state domination, which later is shaping the principles of public service, in Brazil comes through the hands of private initiative, which for almost two decades dominated the television scene exclusively, printing its model in the country.   KEYWORDS: Television; Brazil; Portugal; Public TV; Story.     RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo es comprender mejor el sistema público de televisión en Portugal y Brasil, específicamente en las emisoras de televisión RTP 1 y Brasil. Aunque los dos países están marcados por fuertes vínculos históricos, culturales y lingüísticos, se distancian en lo que se refiere a la radiodifusión pública. Mientras que en Portugal la televisión nace bajo dominio del Estado, que posteriormente dar forma a los principios de servicio público en Brasil llega a manos de la empresa privada, que desde hace casi dos décadas dominaron exclusivamente el panorama de la televisión mediante la impresión de su modelo en el país .   PALABRAS CLAVES: Televisión; Brasil; Portugal; TV pública; Historia.


2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zala Volčič ◽  
Melita Zajc

Public broadcasting institutions have existed as central and publicly funded national institutions, providing services in the public interest. The coincidence of technological, political and economic circumstances in the last 20 years or so, however, has challenged their monopoly position. Technological developments – specifically digitalisation – have expanded spectrum availability. In some cases, public television has been commercialised, privatised or marginalised by the introduction of commercial channels. This article focuses on a specific case study of the Slovene public broadcaster. It addresses the fate of public service television in the digital and post-communist era, tracing the transformation from state broadcasters to the era of digital delivery, audience fragmentation and commercial nationalism. It explores, on the one hand, the way in which public service broadcasters have embraced and capitalised on new forms of digital distribution and, on the other, how they continue to embrace national(istic) and commercial imperatives.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soler-Campillo

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the recent Report of the Experts Committee on the Public Media (TV) in Spain. The objective is to understand the complex scenario and the legal and economical circumstances that have determinated the elaboration of this report, essential to prepare the restructuration of RTVE Group. Festival, we are going to refer to the evolution of RTVE Group since its origins, where it is possible to identify most of the actual problems, including the democratic transition and the last years of Aznar’s government. In second place, we are going to present the main proposals of the Experts Report that stresses the role of public television as a public service, including the critics formulated by two members of this Committee, like Miguel Angel Armedo, appointed by the Ministry of Economy and Treasure, and Fernando González Urbaneja, who has presented a particular report. The reaction of the spanish press to this Report will be presented to understand the social context, very politicized in the last year. Finally, this paper ends with a reflection on the oportunity of this report, and the necessity to tackle the financial reform of the public television, and the public mass communication media in Spain. Our paper tries to conclude that the composition of the Experts Committee should be different, with more consensus from the political forces of the spanish Parliament. We think it would be necessary to propose two different Committees, one integrated by experts like Enrique Bustamante, Emilio Lledó, Victoria Camps and Fernando Savater, specially prepared to indicate the main lines for the political overview; and a second Committee, integrated by financial and economical experts, to design the concrete estrategies to reform the spanish public television. We cannot forget that RTVE debt is the main problem that has to be solved in a stricted way as soon as possible, that implies a correction of exploitation debt. In this sense, a first step has been done, defining the necessity of a TV programation as a public service, like it has been argued by Professor Enrique Bustamante. Nonetheless, the RTVE Group reform is still unresolved, and it is a matter that has to be treated rigurously in the next months. The public debt accumulated by RTVE Group, and the public regional televisions debts, is a capital matter that has been negatively critized by european institutions. La presente comunicación tiene por objeto el análisis del reciente Informe sobre los medios de comunicación de titularidad estatal, base de un futuro proyecto de ley, elaborado por un comité de expertos nombrado por el gobierno para tal fin. Se pretende enmarcar el complejo escenario al que se ha tenido que enfrentar el «Comité de Sabios» para la elaboración de este informe y tratar de esbozar los modelos jurídicos y económicos posibles existentes y sus perspectivas de futuro. Vamos a organizar nuestra exposición en los siguientes apartados. En primer lugar, vamos a referirnos muy brevemente a la evolución del Grupo RTVE desde sus orígenes, en cuyo contexto cabe situar buena parte de los problemas actuales, pasando por la transición democrática, hasta la última etapa del gobierno Aznar, en el que se agudiza la situación financiera de la televisión pública y se produce una bajada de calidad muy notable en los contenidos de la programación. En segundo lugar, se expondrán las principales propuestas del Informe que giran en torno a la reivindicación de la televisión como servicio público, y asímismo se recogerán las críticas formuladas por Miguel Angel Arnedo, experto nombrado por el Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, y Fernando González Urbaneja, que ha emitido un voto particular que se desmarca del planteamiento general del Informe. A continuación, se hará un examen de la reacción al Informe en la prensa escrita, que se ha producido en un contexto social muy politizado, que responde a una contraposición de intereses entre los diferentes grupos de comunicación. Finalmente, la comunicación se cierra con una reflexión sobre la oportunidad del Informe, y la necesidad de abordar el problema de la financiación de los medios de comunicación públicos. Nuestra comunicación pretende concluir que habría sido necesario conformar un Comité de Expertos que contara con el mayor consenso posible de las fuerzas políticas desplegadas en el parlamento español. Tal vez habría sido necesario crear dos comisiones de trabajo, una primera, conformada por los expertos Enrique Bustamante, Emilio Lledó, Victoria Camps y Fernando Savater, que habría podido marcar las lineas maestras del planteamiento político que debe dirigir un estudio técnico de las reformas a introducir en la transformación necesaria del modelo de gestión y de financiación de los medios de comunicación públicos, lo que debería ser materia de trabajo de un Comité de expertos específico. No debemos olvidar, en ese sentido, que el problema de la deuda y de la financiación del ente RTVE ha de abordarse con rigor. Y ello pasa por tratar de corregir el déficit de explotación del grupo, que no hace sino provocar un reiterado endeudamiento del ente público. Se ha dado, pues, un primer paso muy importante: definir la necesidad de una programación de servicio público, como ha señalado el profesor Enrique Bustamante. Pero la tarea pendiente es todavía enorme, ya que aún no se ha entrado propiamente en materia, algo que han reclamado legítimamente los expertos del mundo de la economía y de las finanzas, pero que no resta mérito al trabajo realizado por este Comité de expertos. Desde el punto de vista de la economía de la comunicación existe una crisis en el modelo de gestión económica aplicado hasta ahora. Se trata de un problema cuya solución no puede dilatarse en el tiempo ya que la deuda pública que arrastra el ente público de RTVE, y también las televisiones públicas de carácter autonómico, ha sido puesta en entredicho por los organismos europeos.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Abad-Alcalá

The goal of this communication is the identification of the model of public television programming with quality programming in its broadest sense. Thus, the doctrinal approach as well as the main public institutions’ views on the contents required to meet the needs of a public service programming are defined. The conclussions state whether the correspondence between public television and quality programming can be established. La presente comunicación tiene como objeto realizar un análisis pormenorizado de las posturas de los principales organismos internacionales, así como de la doctrina sobre el concepto de televisión de calidad y cómo en líneas generales este modelo coincide con el de modelo de programación de servicio público. Se parte de la consideración de que los modelos audiovisuales son tan plurales como los ordenamientos jurídicos en que se insertan y los sistemas sociales que los conforman. Ante esta dificultad, el estudio pretenderá marcar las líneas esenciales que tanto las instituciones de carácter internacionales, las asociaciones transnacionales y los autores que han abordado el tema desarrollan al definir el modelo de televisión de calidad. El primer organismo que abordaremos en su posición sobre la programación de servicio público será el Parlamento Europeo, prestándose especial atención a la «Resolución sobre la función de la televisión pública en una sociedad multimedia», Este documento en su punto E establece cuáles son las particularidades que deben caracterizar a la televisión pública en el contexto audiovisual europeo. En una línea similar se manifiestan los Estados del Consejo de Europa mediante la resolución sobre «El futuro de la televisión pública» aprobada por unanimidad en la Cuarta Conferencia Ministerial Europea sobre política de medios de comunicación en Praga. En ella, se considera que las televisiones de servicio público deben cumplir las misiones siguientes: ser, por medio de su programación, un punto de referencia para todos los estados miembros del público y un factor de cohesión social así como de integración de todos los individuos, grupos y comunidades; proporcionar un foro de discusión pública en el que puedan expresar de modo amplio todas las opiniones y puntos de vista; difundir informaciones y comentarios imparciales e independientes; desarrollar una programación pluralista, innovadora y variada que responda a normas éticas y de calidad elevada y no sacrificar estos objetivos de calidad a las fuerzas del mercado; emitir programas que interesen a un público amplio sin perjuicio de estar atentos a los deseos de los grupos minoritarios; reflejar las diferentes ideas filosóficas y convicciones religiosas de las sociedad; contribuir al mejor conocimiento y apreciación de la diversidad del patrimonio nacional y europeo; asegurar que los programas que ofrecen contienen una proporción significativa de producciones originales, en particular de largometrajes, de espacios dramáticos y otras obras de creación. Una visión mucho menos optimista e idealizada poseen las cadenas comerciales de televisión que asociadas en la Asociación de las Televisiones Comerciales Europeas (ACT) han fijado en el Position Paper on redefinition of missions of the public service in the european television sector, que también es analizado en el presente texto. También la Comisión Europea ha aportado su punto de vista en la Comunicación sobre «El futuro de la política reguladora europea en el sector audiovisual que constituye una de las piedras angulares de la política audiovisual de la Unión Europea». Dicha Directiva establece un conjunto de niveles mínimos que debe garantizar la regulación del contenido de las emisiones televisivas por parte de los Estados miembros. En ésta, la Comisión considera como puntos primordiales a realizar: promover la producción y difusión de programas televisivos europeos; proteger a los consumidores en relación con la publicidad, el patrocinio y la televenta, en especial por lo que se refiere a las prácticas comerciales desleales; garantizar que los eventos de gran importancia para la sociedad no se emitan en exclusividad, de tal manera que se impida a partes significativas del público seguir dicho evento; proteger a los menores y el orden público; proteger el derecho de réplica.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Nikunen ◽  
Jenni Hokka

Welfare states have historically been built on values of egalitarianism and universalism and through high taxation that provides free education, health care, and social security for all. Ideally, this encourages participation of all citizens and formation of inclusive public sphere. In this welfare model, the public service media are also considered some of the main institutions that serve the well-being of an entire society. That is, independent, publicly funded media companies are perceived to enhance equality, citizenship, and social solidarity by providing information and programming that is driven by public rather than commercial interest. This article explores how the public service media and their values of universality, equality, diversity, and quality are affected by datafication and a platformed media environment. It argues that the embeddedness of public service media in a platformed media environment produces complex and contradictory dependencies between public service media and commercial platforms. The embeddedness has resulted in simultaneous processes of adapting to social media logics and datafication within public service media as well as in attempts to create alternative public media value-driven data practices and new public media spaces.


Author(s):  
Femi O. Omololu ◽  
Akinmayowa S. Lawal

This paper examines the influence of population growth on waste generation in Lagos metropolis, African’s most populous urban conglomeration. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study analyses the pattern of household waste disposal, collection and transportation in Lagos State. It also examines the public-private partnership strategy adopted in waste management. The findings show that population growth significantly influences waste generation and management in Lagos metropolis. As the population increased, the volume of waste generated also increased in each LGA of Lagos State. The public-private partnership strategy has been effective in managing waste, but the Lagos State Waste Management Authority oversight was adjudged as less than satisfactory. The paper concludes that intervention is needed in terms of educating the growing population of the Lagos metropolis on the best waste management practices. It highlights the need for a more efficient and effective publicprivate partnership collaboration to solve this perennial social problem.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Kelly Melvin ◽  
Jennie L Ivey ◽  
Liesel G Schneider ◽  
Peter Krawczel

Abstract The equine industry is highly variable with many different sectors and management practices. To determine how the public views common management practices and discipline-specific areas of the equine industry, an online study was distributed via email and social media over a 6-week period to U.S. residents over the age of 18 (n = 1,372). Survey questions included demographics, industry connection, definition of welfare and equine classification. Respondents were asked to select the most concerning option from a series of management-related scenarios. The production livestock and equine industries were then segmented by species or discipline, respectively, and respondents were asked which sector was most problematic. To analyze the data, frequency tables (Proc FREQ) and multinomial logistic regression (Proc LOGISTIC) were used in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) to test the factors associated with likelihood to select a given management scenario from each series (α=0.05). Respondents who were heavily connected to the industry were four times more likely than lightly connected individuals to select that a blanketed horse or unblanketed horse in 30°F weather with unlimited access to food and water equally presented no concern than to say that a blanketed or unblanketed horse in 30°F weather with unlimited access to food and water and were concerning (OR= 4.09; 95%CL: 2.08,8.04). Of the 1,244 respondents who answered, 563 (45%) said that the gaited horse industry is the most problematic equine industry compared to the racing industry (41%) and stock horse industry (8.7%). Understanding how the public perceives the various animal industries and management scenarios in relation to an individual’s connection to the industry, classification of equines and welfare definition is important to assess and improve educational intervention strategies.


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