scholarly journals Pilot Study Investigating the Effect of a Suppression Versus Mindfulness-Based Strategy in Coping with Cigarette Cravings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Rogojanski
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Cravings

The current pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a brief suppression versus mindfulness-based strategy for coping with cigarette cravings. Participants (N = 61) were randomly assigned to one of the two coping strategies to manage cravings during an experimental cue exposure to cigarettes. Results indicate that participants in both conditions reported significantly reduced amounts of smoking and increased self-efficacy in coping with smoking urges at a seven-day follow-up. However, only participants in the mindfulness condition demonstrated reductions in negative affect, depressive symptoms, and reduced levels of nicotine dependence. These findings indicate that while both conditions were associated with improvements on smoking relevant outcomes, mindfulness was unique for its beneficial impacts on reported nicotine dependence and emotional functioning over the course of the study.

scholarly journals Pilot Study Investigating the Effect of a Suppression Versus Mindfulness-Based Strategy in Coping with Cigarette Cravings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Rogojanski
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Cravings

The current pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a brief suppression versus mindfulness-based strategy for coping with cigarette cravings. Participants (N = 61) were randomly assigned to one of the two coping strategies to manage cravings during an experimental cue exposure to cigarettes. Results indicate that participants in both conditions reported significantly reduced amounts of smoking and increased self-efficacy in coping with smoking urges at a seven-day follow-up. However, only participants in the mindfulness condition demonstrated reductions in negative affect, depressive symptoms, and reduced levels of nicotine dependence. These findings indicate that while both conditions were associated with improvements on smoking relevant outcomes, mindfulness was unique for its beneficial impacts on reported nicotine dependence and emotional functioning over the course of the study.

Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Theory-Based Relational Embodied Conversational Agent Mobile Phone Intervention to Promote HIV Medication Adherence in Young HIV-Positive African American MSM

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Dworkin ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Apurba Chakraborty ◽  
Colleen Monahan ◽  
Lisa Hightow-Weidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Embodied Conversational Agent ◽  
African American Msm

An embodied conversational agent can serve as a relational agent and provide information, motivation, and behavioral skills. To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of My Personal Health Guide, a theory-based mobile-delivered embodied conversational agent intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in young African American men who have sex with men, we conducted this prospective pilot study using a 3-month pre–post design. Outcome measures included adherence, acceptability, feasibility, pre versus post health literacy, and pre versus post self-efficacy. There were 43 participants. Pill count adherence > 80% improved from 62% at baseline to 88% at follow-up (p = .05). The acceptability of the app was high. Feasibility issues identified included loss of usage data from unplanned participant app deletion. Health literacy improved whereas self-efficacy was high at baseline and follow-up. This pilot study of My Personal Health Guide demonstrated acceptability and preliminary efficacy in improving adherence in this important population.

scholarly journals Decídetexto: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Smoking Cessation Intervention in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Francisco Cartujano-Barrera ◽  
Cristina Peña-Vargas ◽  
Evelyn Arana-Chicas ◽  
José Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile smoking cessation intervention in Puerto Rico. This was a single-arm pilot study with 26 smokers in Puerto Rico who were enrolled in Decídetexto, a mobile smoking cessation intervention. Decídetexto incorporates three integrated components: (1) a tablet-based software that collects smoking-related information to develop an individualized quit plan, (2) a 24-week text messaging counseling program with interactive capabilities, and (3) pharmacotherapy support. Outcome measures included self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at Months 3 and 6, pharmacotherapy adherence, satisfaction with the intervention, and changes in self-efficacy. The average age of the participants was 46.8 years (SD 12.7), half of them (53.8%) were female. Most participants (92.3%) smoked daily and half of them (53.8%) used menthol cigarettes. All participants requested nicotine patches at baseline. However, only 13.0% of participants used the patch >75% of days. At Month 3, 10 participants (38.4%) self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (88.5% follow-up rate). At Month 6, 16 participants (61.5%) self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (76.9% follow-up rate). Most participants (90%, 18/20) reported being satisfied/extremely satisfied with the intervention at Month 6. Self-efficacy mean scores significantly increased from 40.4 (SD 12.1) at baseline to 57.9 (SD 11.3) at Month 3 (p < 0.01). The study suggests that Decídetexto holds promise for further testing among Puerto Rican smokers.

scholarly journals Proof of concept of a treatment for fibromyalgia based on physical activity, psychological support, and exposure to nature (NAT-FM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo ◽  
Mayte Serrat ◽  
Corel Mateo Canedo ◽  
Albert Feliu Soler ◽  
Míriam Almirall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Physical Limitations

Aim: To provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of the NAT-FM protocol as a complimentary treatment in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods: A trial was conducted, with two arms: TAU (n = 6) and TAU+NAT-FM (n = 6). Results: There was a reduction in physical limitations and anxious/depressive symptoms and an improvement in positive affect in the intervention group. Also, this group showed a decrease in pain, catastrophizing, negative affect, and positively refocusing, and an increase in positive affect. Intrasession assessments showed an increase in positive affect, self-efficacy, and energy, along with a decrease in stress. Intersession assessments revealed an increase in pain, valence, and dominance. Conclusion: The results suggest the appropriateness of the NAT-FM protocol.

scholarly journals Exploring the associations of depressive symptoms with healthy eating self-efficacy over time amongst women in the READI cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Opie ◽  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Kylie Ball
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that diet is associated with both depressive symptoms and clinical depression, likely through biological mechanisms. However, it is also plausible that depression impacts diet, for example by impairing the personal drivers of healthy eating behaviors such as self-efficacy. This study is one of the first to explore the association of depressive symptoms with healthy eating self-efficacy over time. Methods Data was drawn from the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) longitudinal study, a prospective cohort study of socioeconomically disadvantaged Australian women. This analysis includes a sub-sample of 1264 women. Linear mixed models, with random intercepts for suburb of residence, were performed to explore the relationships between total healthy eating self-efficacy at 5-years follow-up and depressive symptoms over time, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. To assess different trajectories of depressive symptoms over time, four categories were created; 1. no depressive symptoms (n = 667), 2. resolved depressive symptoms (n = 165), 3. new depressive symptoms (n = 189), and 4. persistent depressive symptoms (n = 243). Results There was very strong evidence of a difference in total healthy eating self-efficacy at follow-up between the four depressive symptoms trajectory categories (F(3,235) = 7.06,p < .0001), after adjusting for potential confounders. Pairwise comparisons indicated strong evidence of higher healthy eating self-efficacy among individuals with no depressive symptoms compared to individuals with persistent depressive symptoms (B = 1.97[95%CI: 0.60,3.33],p = .005). Similarly, there was evidence of higher healthy eating self-efficacy in individuals with resolved depressive symptoms than those with persistent depressive symptoms (B = 1.95[95%CI: 0.18,3.72],p = .031). Conclusions This study provides new insights demonstrating differences in total healthy eating self-efficacy at 5-year follow-up according to trajectory of depressive symptoms over time. Future interventions should focus on strategies that enhance self-efficacy among individuals with or at risk of depressive symptoms for supporting healthier dietary practices, which in turn, may contribute to reducing the highly burdensome mental health condition.

scholarly journals A Compassion-Focused Ecological Momentary Intervention for Enhancing Resilience in Help-Seeking Youth: Uncontrolled Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Rauschenberg ◽  
Benjamin Boecking ◽  
Isabell Paetzold ◽  
Koen Schruers ◽  
Anita Schick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Emotional Resilience ◽  
Ecological Momentary

BACKGROUND Digital interventions offer new avenues for low-threshold prevention and treatment in young people. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) represent a powerful approach that allows for adaptive, real-time, and real-world delivery of intervention components in daily life by real-time processing of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Compassion-focused interventions (CFIs) may be particularly amenable to translation into an EMI to strengthen emotional resilience and modify putative risk mechanisms, such as stress sensitivity, in the daily lives of young help-seeking individuals. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety, and initial therapeutic effects of a novel, accessible, transdiagnostic, ecological momentary CFI for improving emotional resilience to stress (<i>EMIcompass</i>). METHODS In this uncontrolled pilot study, help-seeking youth with psychotic, depressive, or anxiety symptoms were offered the EMIcompass intervention in addition to treatment as usual. The EMIcompass intervention consisted of a 3-week EMI (including enhancing, consolidating, and EMA-informed interactive tasks) administered through a mobile health app and three face-to-face sessions with a trained psychologist intended to provide guidance and training on the CFI exercises presented in the app (ie, training session, follow-up booster session, and review session). RESULTS In total, 10 individuals (mean age 20.3 years, SD 3.8; range 14-25) were included in the study. Most (8/10, 80%) participants were satisfied and reported a low burden of app usage. No adverse events were observed. In approximately one-third of all EMAs, individuals scored high on stress, negative affect, or threat anticipation during the intervention period, resulting in real-time, interactive delivery of the CFI intervention components in addition to weekly enhancing and daily consolidating tasks. Although the findings should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size, reduced stress sensitivity, momentary negative affect, and psychotic experiences, along with increased positive affect, were found at postintervention and the 4-week follow-up. Furthermore, reductions in psychotic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found (<i>r</i>=0.30-0.65). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence on the feasibility and safety of the EMIcompass intervention for help-seeking youth and lend initial support to beneficial effects on stress sensitivity and mental health outcomes. An exploratory randomized controlled trial is warranted to establish the feasibility and preliminary evidence of its efficacy. CLINICALTRIAL

Affective reactivity to daily racial discrimination as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms in African American graduate and postgraduate students

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Ong ◽  
Anthony L. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

AbstractThis study examined whether individual differences in affective reactivity, defined as changes in positive or negative affect in response to daily racial discrimination, predicted subsequent depressive symptoms. Participants were African American graduate and postgraduate students (N = 174; M age = 30 years) recruited for a measurement-burst study. Data on depressive symptoms were gathered at two assessment points 1 year apart. Affective reactivity data was obtained from participants via a 14-day diary study of daily racial discrimination and affect. Participants who experienced pronounced increases in negative affect on days when racial discrimination occurred had elevated depressive symptoms 1 year later. Heightened positive affect reactivity was also associated with more depressive symptoms at follow-up. The results suggest that affective reactivity (either greater increases in negative affect or greater decreases in positive affect in the context of racial discrimination) may be an underlying psychological mechanism that confers vulnerability to future depressive symptoms.

Brooding Concurrently and Prospectively Links Trait Positive and Negative Affect to Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1141
Author(s):  
Tara M. Rutter ◽  
Jordan Skalisky ◽  
Hailey Caudle ◽  
Jaclyn T. Aldrich ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Recent theory and evidence support an integrated affective-cognitive model of adolescent depressive symptoms in which temperament predicts the use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies which, in turn, predict depressive symptoms. We concurrently and prospectively investigated whether two cognitive ER strategies (dampening and brooding) mediated the effect of trait positive and negative affect on adolescent depressive symptoms. Young adolescents (11-14 years old) completed questionnaires at baseline ( N = 150) and at a 4-month follow-up ( N = 126). Findings indicate brooding mediated the relationship between both positive and negative affect and depressive symptoms, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Dampening yielded inconsistent results. This suggests brooding may be a unique mechanism from trait affect to depressive symptoms in late childhood to early adolescence.

An intervention to improve coping strategies in adult male prisoners with a history of traumatic brain injury: A pilot randomised clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552199853
Author(s):  
Tracey Mitchell ◽  
Elizabeth du Preez ◽  
Alice Theadom
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine whether a psychological intervention improves coping, post-concussion symptoms and decreases in-prison infractions in adult males with a history of traumatic brain injury. Design: A single centre, randomised, wait-list, pilot study. Setting: A high security prison in New Zealand. Subjects: Fifty-five adult male participants who had experienced at least one traumatic brain injury in their lifetime (mean age 37.29 +/−9.81 years). Intervention: A manualised ten session, in-person, group based combined Cognitive Behavioural Therapy /Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction intervention versus wait list control. Main measures: The Negative Affect Repair Questionnaire and Rivermead Post-concussion Symptom Questionnaire were completed at baseline, post-intervention (five weeks) and at 12 week follow up. In-prison misconduct charges and negative file notes were reviewed for the previous five weeks at each assessment time point. Results: There was an improvement in the use of calming and distraction strategies in the intervention group from baseline ( x̄ = 17.38, SD = 3.57) to post-intervention ( x̄ = 18.67, SD = 3.84) and 12-week follow up ( x̄ = 18.13, SD = 2.63). Participants in the intervention group had significantly higher negative affect repair on the calming and distractive strategies subscale following completion of the intervention, compared to wait-list controls ( F = 4.69, P = 0.04) with a moderate effect size (ηp2 = 0.11). Improvements in use of calming and distractive strategies was not sustained at the twelve-week follow-up ( F = 0.87, P = 0.36). There was no-significant improvement on other negative affect subscales or for post-concussion symptoms or decrease in-prison infractions. Conclusion: A manualised psychological intervention may have the potential to facilitate the development of positive coping strategies in prisoners with a history of traumatic brain injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document